2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷31

2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Each of them had a different（ ）of what actually happened, but hers was far more believable.问题1选项A.messageB.theoryC.versionD.comment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项message“消息”；B选项theory“理论，原理”；C选项version“版本，说法”；D选项comment“评论，意见”。句意：每个人对实际发生的事情都有不同的说法，但她的说法更可信。选项C符合语境。2. 单选题The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US Constitution, but no one seems quite sure which way happiness ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift conceived of happiness as “the state of being well-deceived,” or of being “a fool among idiots,” for Swift saw society as a land of false goals.It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of false goals. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.And at the same time the forces of American business are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them and to create them faster than anyones budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on addicting us to greed. We are even told it is our patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying things.Look at any of the magazines that cater to women. There advertising begins as art and slogans in the front pages and ends as pills and therapy in the back pages. The art at the front illustrates the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. This, the perfumed breath she must breathe out. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. This is the cream that restores skin, these are the tablets that melt away fat around the thighs, and these are the pills of perpetual youth.Obviously no reasonable person can be completely persuaded either by such art or by such pills and devices. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy this dream and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what is it they are trying to buy?Defining the meaning of “happiness” is a perplexing proposition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set the greedy extreme.From the first two paragraphs of the passage we may infer that（ ）. In “advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them” (Line 2, Para.3), “them” refers to（ ）. In the authors view, buying things is regarded as（ ）.It is implied by the author that the magazines are（ ）.The best title for the passage maybe（ ）.问题1选项A.the US Constitution gives people the right to pursue happinessB.American people are at a loss as how to gain happinessC.Jonathan Swift did not believe in happiness itselfD.American people tend to buy their happiness问题2选项A.peoples desiresB.advertisementsC.various senses of happinessD.the forces of American business问题3选项A.a patriotic dutyB.supporting the national economyC.something addicting us to greedD.being taken in by advertising问题4选项A.sheer art and slogansB.full of lure and deceptionC.very useful for professional womenD.useless, like cream, tablets and pills问题5选项A.The pursuit of happinessB.The right to pursue happinessC.The false goals of American peopleD.The misguiding force of advertising【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文前两段的内容可知，美国宪法赋予美国人民追求幸福的权利，但似乎谁也说不清幸福跑到哪里去了。Jonathan Swift提出了虚假目标的说法，但这种说法不是美国式思维。然而，我们（美国人）似乎执迷于花钱买幸福的理念。由此可知，选项D符合原文。2.语义推断题。根据题干关键信息定位到第三段句意“广告的存在不是为了满足欲望，而是为了创造欲望。”由此可知，这里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“For that matter, our whole economy is based on addicting us to greed. We are even told it is our patriotic duty to support the national economy by buying things. 这样一来，我们的整个经济就是建立在使我们沉迷于贪婪的基础上的。甚至有人告诉我们，通过购买东西来支持国家经济是我们的爱国义务。”由此可知，作者认为购物是使我们沉迷于贪婪的东西，所以选项C正确。4.判断推理题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者提及，现在的杂志为了迎合女性的口味，开头的几页广告都是艺术和口号，到了结尾的几页就都变成了药丸和疗法。由此可知，作者认为杂志充满了诱惑和欺骗，选项B符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合原文内容可知，前两段作者提及美国人追寻不到幸福的方向，而且倾向于花钱买幸福；接着作者讲到了人们是如何花钱来购买幸福的案例；最后作者指出幸福很难定义，关键在于个人如何看待。由此可知，本文主要是围绕着追寻幸福这一话题展开，所以选项A正确。3. 单选题When faced with doubts from some advisers on the attempted invasion, the president ignored them.问题1选项A.failed to noticeB.put up withC.stood up forD.refused to consider【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。根据句意：当面对一些顾问对入侵企图的质疑时，总统了他们。ignore意为“忽略，忽视”。A选项fail to notice“没有注意到”；B选项put up with“容忍，忍受”；C选项stand up for“支持，拥护”；D选项refuse to consider“拒绝考虑”。选项A与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。4. 翻译题Although our understanding of learning is still not complete, a great deal is known. Learning has many different forms and takes place under many conditions. In general, it involves a change in behavior. When a change in behavior takes place as a result of learning, the change is usually a long-lasting one. Learning may mean that a number of small independent acts are arranged in a new order. This happens, for example, when you learn to play a new piece on the piano.【答案】尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式，也可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化时，这种变化常能持久。“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。就好比你在钢琴上学习弹奏一首新的曲子。5. 单选题As the silent film（ ）sound, so did the sound film（ ）color.问题1选项A.cry out for; cry out forB.cried out for; cried out forC.had cried out for; cry out forD.had cried out for; cried out for【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。分析句子结构可知，后半句为部分倒装结构，助动词did提到了主语前面，所以第二空应填动词原形，由此可排除选项B和选项D。前半句描述的事情发生在后半句之前，因此时态应使用过去完成时表示，所以选项C正确。句意“正如无声电影迫切需要声音一样，有声电影也迫切需要色彩。”6. 单选题A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to（ ）learning instead of being merely recipients of knowledge.问题1选项A.shore upB.accede toC.participate inD.compensate for【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项shore up“支持，加固”；B选项accede to“加入，同意”；C选项participate in“参加，参与，分享”；D选项compensate for“赔偿，补偿”。句意：计算机程序可以提供信息，迫使学生参与学习，而不仅仅是知识的接受者。选项C符合语境。7. 单选题Some readers may find it（ ）that a book arguing for greater literacy and intellectual discipline should lead to a call for less rather than more education.问题1选项A.paradoxicalB.controversialC.appealingD.ambiguous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项paradoxical“自相矛盾的，荒谬的”；B选项controversial“有争议的”；C选项appealing“吸引人的”；D选项ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：一本提倡更多的精通文学和知识学科的书应该导致需要更少的而不是更多的教育，一些读者可能会觉得这是自相矛盾的。选项A符合语境。8. 单选题Providing first class service is one of the tactics the airline adopts to attract passengers.问题1选项A.attitudesB.methodsC.solutionsD.thoughts【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：提供头等舱服务是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A选项attitude“态度，看法”；B选项method“方法，条理”；C选项solution“解决方案”；D选项thought“想法”。tactic意为“策略，战略”，选项B代入最符合语境。9. 单选题What we need to learn is how to put theory into（ ）when we begin our fieldwork here.问题1选项A.appearanceB.applicationC.accomplishD.achievement【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appearance“外观，出现，露面”；B选项application“应用，运用”；C选项accomplish“完成，实现，达到”；D选项achievement“成就，完成”。句意：当我们开始野外工作时，我们需要学习的是如何将理论应用到实际中去。选项B符合语境。10. 单选题Although he was known to be extremely reserved in his public behavior, scholars have discovered that his diaries were written with uncommon frankness.问题1选项A.aloofB.tenderC.lucidD.reticent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然大家都知道他在公开场合极其保守，但学者们发现他的日记写得非常坦率。A选项aloof“冷淡的，远离的，冷漠的”；B选项tender“温柔的”；C选项lucid“易懂的”；D选项reticent“沉默的，谨慎的，有保留的”。reserved意为“保守的，保留的”，选项D与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。11. 单选题The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with todays relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation, they have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job.Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.Finally, if the government distributes societys income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.1. The authors main purpose to write this article is（ ）.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because（ ）.4. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because（ ）.5. We may concluded from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.to define (下定义) what the poverty line isB.to explain why some people live the poverty lineC.to find solutions to the problem of povertyD.to show sympathy for those poor people问题2选项A.Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.B.Poor people are those who live below the poverty line.C.The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.D.The poverty line tends to be at the same level.问题3选项A.they do not have enough motivationB.they are so young that they dont have the right to workC.they fail to get enough educationD.they are very poor in health问题4选项A.they do not have any motivation to workB.they are not very self-confidentC.they are too young or too old to workD.they have physical and family problems问题5选项A.better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet foundB.welfare will enable them to be richC.poor people are sure to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do businessD.employment is the best solution to the poverty problem【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.作者意图题。原文首段最后一句和尾段的首句均有提及“经济学家们正在寻找更好的解决贫困问题的办法”，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了寻找解决贫困问题的方法。选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的一、二句“As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with todays relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. 随着这个国家的总体生活水平提高，贫困线也在提高。因此，即使在今天生活水平相对较高的情况下，仍有大约10%的美国人生活在贫困线以下。”可知，选项A和选项C符合原文；再根据第一段的第二句“People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. 收入低于贫困线的人被认为是穷人。”可知，选项B符合原文；只有选项D在文中没有信息提及。3.细节事实题。原文第三段的前半部分提及“一方面，美国一半以上的穷人没有资格工作。40%以上的穷人是儿童。根据法律规定，不满16岁的儿童在许多行业都不能工作。”由此可知，最主要的原因是这些儿童太小，没有工作的权利，选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容可知，美国大部分的穷人都没有工作，是因为这些人不是老人就是小孩，没有工作的能力，所以选项C符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living. 一些经济学家正在寻找更好的解决贫困问题的办法。然而，目前许多人依靠福利来维持最低限度的可接受的生活水平。”由此可知，贫困问题并没有找到更好的解决办法，所以选项A正确。12. 单选题He was a zealous supporter of our plan and cleaned up the hall for the Christmas party.问题1选项A.enthusiasticB.concertedC.giganticD.dedicated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：他是我们计划的支持者，并且为圣诞晚会把大厅打扫干净了。zealous 意为“热情的，积极的”。A选项enthusiastic“热情的”；B选项concerted“协调的”；C选项gigantic“巨大的，庞大的”；D选项dedicated“专注的，献身的”。选项A符合语境。13. 单选题No poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, finally, the most telling “interpretation” of it, suggesting tone, rhythm, and meaning all at once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on films, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud is much more important than “analyzing” it, if there isnt time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. Poetry is “a criticism of life”, and “a heightening of life”. It is “an approach to the truth of feeling”, and it “can save your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies.I am not saying that every English teacher must teach poetry. Those who dont like it should not be forced to put that dislike on anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.1.To have a better understanding of a poem, one should（ ）.2.Which of the following is not mentioned as a function of poetry?3.According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students（ ）.4.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?5.The phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.discuss it with othersB.analyze it by oneselfC.copy it down in a notebookD.practice reading it aloud问题2选项A.Extending your lifeB.Saving your lifeC.Criticizing lifeD.Heightening life问题3选项A.to understand lifeB.to enjoy poetryC.to become teachersD.to become poets问题4选项A.More stress should be laid on the teaching of poetry.B.Poetry is more important than any other subject.C.One cannot enjoy life fully without an understanding of poetry.D.Poetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses.问题5选项A.“build a booth”B.“provide equipment”C.“leave a certain amount of time”D.“set aside enough space”【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段的第一句“No poem should ever be discussed or analyzed, until it has been read aloud by someone, teacher or student. 任何诗歌都应该先由某人，老师或学生大声朗读，再来进行讨论或分析。”所以选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“Poetry is a criticism of life, and a heightening of life. It is an approach to the truth of feeling, and it can save your life. 诗歌是对生活的批评，也是对生活的升华。它是一种接近真实感受的方法，它可以拯救你的生命。”由此可知，只有选项A在原文没有提及。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的第二句“I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry. 我认为我们作为英语教师的目标之一就是让学生热爱诗歌。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。4.语义推断题。原文第三段的最后一句提及“It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature more central than it presently occupies. 它（诗歌）也应该在语言和文学教学中占有比现在更重要的地位。”也就是说，应该要更加重视诗歌的教学，所以选项A符合原文。5.词义推断题。根据关键词所在原文的句意“但那些教授诗歌的老师必须牢记诗歌的本质、诗歌的声音和诗歌的意义。他们必须在教室里留出时间让学生思考诗歌，同时也让学生听诗。”由此可推断，这里的“make room”指的是留出时间，所以选项C符合原文。14. 单选题The filling station（ ）because there were too many others on the street.问题1选项A.went underB.went throughC.fell outD.fell through【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项go under“破产，屈服”；B选项go through“参加，经受，仔细检查，通过”；C选项fell out“争吵”；D选项fell through“未能实现”。句意：这个加油站破产了，因为街上还有很多其他的加油站。选项A符合语境。15. 单选题Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabitsamong consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,” said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned toProcter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could used to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, youll find that many of the products we use every daychewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitaminsare results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands advertising that no morning is complete without a minty-fresh mouth.A few decades ago, many people didnt drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizerswhich are effective even if applied at high noonare advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives, and its essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. But for activists like Dr. Curtis, this emerging research offers a type of salvation.1. According to the author, c