2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第74期

2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Owing to the unpredictable weather, the arrangements are subject to change.问题1选项A.supposedB.aboutC.liableD.bound【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。Be subject to表示“有倾向，受支配”；A项be supposed to“被期望，应该”，B项be about to“即将，刚要”，C项be liable to“有倾向，易于”，D项be bound to“必然，一定要”。句意：由于天气变化莫测，安排可能会有所改变。因此C项正确。2. 单选题The venerable media format has become one of the most ubiquitous ways to package content on the Web.问题1选项A.uniqueB.omnipresentC.effectiveD.predictive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous在句中是“普遍存在的，无处不在的”，A选项unique“独特的”；B选项omnipresent“无处不在的”；C选项effective“有效的”；D选项predictive“预言性的”。句意：庄严的媒体格式已经成为网上承载内容最普遍的方式。根据句意B项正确。3. 单选题Probably the hardest part of setting goals is the first step of actually deciding to take action! The first barrier facing most people is the incorrect assumption that goals are only for business people. The reality is everyone sets goals mentally throughout the day. There are always occasions where something has to be done at a particular time or in a particular place. Simple examples could be getting up at a certain time in order to be at work, or to meet with a friend for a leisure activity.The beauty of having goals is the uniqueness of each one to the goal setter. Whether it is personal, financial, business or spiritual, they are all specific to that person and their circumstances.The most important part initially is to write them down. Having goals written down gives you incredible power while helping you to focus on this area.Aim for something that will stretch you while remaining achievable. If you achieve your goal too easily, it is not high enough to make any significant change in your life and needs to be adjusted. On the other hand, if you consistently miss the goals, re-evaluate, and consider setting them a little lower as you will only get discouraged and probably give up. The aim is to keep growing, and moving into a more satisfactory position for your particular circumstance.As you obtain the levels that you have set for yourself, always include a small reward at each point. This might only be a small thing in the early days like a meal out or a weekend vacation.Remember that these changes will not happen overnight and there will be a period of time when nothing seems to be happening. This is why the goals need to be detailed and as specific as possible with a consequence and a benefit.Allow some time on a daily basis to educate yourself on how to make the necessary adjustments in your life. This could include listening to a CD, or reading a book on motivation, etc.A simple method to start with could be one goal in the main areas of life to be achieved in one month, six months, twelve months or five years. Break that down further into a daily, weekly and monthly system. Stay focused and disciplined to achieve all that you desire.41. The simple examples in Paragraph 1 convey the message that _.42. The charm of having goals is that each goal is _.43. A good goal is one that _.44. Goals have to be detailed so that people _.45. For a goal to be achieved, one has to _.问题1选项A.goals are set mostly for important thingsB.most people know when it is time to set goalsC.it is necessary to set goals occasionallyD.people set goals to get things done all the time问题2选项A.importantB.motivatedC.specialD.spiritual问题3选项A.keeps growing all the timeB.is high enough yet attainableC.moves one into a satisfactory positionD.is evaluated from time to time问题4选项A.will eventually reach the levels set for themselvesB.can know their achievements at each stageC.may get small rewards such as a meal outD.can adjust them on various occasions问题5选项A.concentrate on it until is attainedB.adapt oneself to new changesC.divert from routine sometimesD.believe in what he is doing【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】41.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“第一段的简单例子传达了一个什么信息”。第一段第三句提到The reality is everyone sets goals mentally throughout the day. There are always occasions where something has to be done at a particular time or in a particular place.（事实上，每个人每天都在心里设定目标。总有一些场合需要在特定的时间或地点做一些事情），由此可知，第一段讲述简单的例子是为了向读者传达人们设定目标来完成事情，故D项“人们总是设定目标来完成事情”符合题意。A项“设定目标主要是为了重要的事情”，文中只提到了某些事情，并没有强调重要的事情，这是偷换概念；B项“大多数人都知道什么时候该设定目标”，第一段第二句提到The first barrier facing most people is the incorrect assumption that goals are only for business people.（大多数人面临的第一个障碍是错误的假设，认为目标只适用于商务人士），由此可知，大多数人不知道目标适用于每一个人，因此该项错误；C项“偶尔设定目标是必要的”没有提到。故该题选D正确。42.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“拥有目标的魅力在于每个目标都是”。文章第二段提到The beauty of having goals is the uniqueness of each one to the goal setter.（设定目标的美妙之处在于每个目标对设定者来说都是独一无二的），由uniqueness可知，设立目标的奇妙之处在于它的独特性，独一无二的同义词是special，故C项“特别的”符合题意。A项“重要的”和B项“有动机的”文中都没有提到；D项“精神的，高尚的”是指目标的类型，故该题选C正确。43.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节推断题。题干的意思是“好的目标是”。第四段第一句话提到Aim for something that will stretch you while remaining achievable.（把目标定在那些既能拓展你的能力又能保持可实现的事情上），由此可知一个好的目标是超出自身的水平但是仍然可以实现， 故B项“足够高但是可以达到”更符合题意；A项“一直保持发展”和C项“使一个人达到一个满意的位置”，在第四段最后一句提到The aim is to keep growing, and moving into a more satisfactory position for your particular circumstance（我们的目标是不断发展，并针对您的特殊情况找到一个更令人满意的职位）这是设定目标的内容/目的，因此这两项不符合题意；D项“不时的评估”，根据句子On the other hand, if you consistently miss the goals, re-evaluate, and consider setting them a little lower as you will only get discouraged and probably give up.（另一方面，如果你总是错过目标，重新评估，考虑把目标定得低一点，那么你只会感到沮丧，很可能会放弃），由此可知不时评估目标不是真正的好目标；故该题选B正确。44.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“目标必须详细以便于人们”。根据文章的倒数第三段Remember that these changes will not happen overnight and there will be a period of time when nothing seems to be happening. This is why the goals need to be detailed and as specific as possible with a consequence and a benefit.（记住，这些变化不会在一夜之间发生，会有一段时间似乎什么都没有发生。这就是为什么目标要尽可能的详细和具体，并且要考虑到结果和好处。）可知，因为目标不会一下子实现，甚至可能一段时间都会感觉什么都没发生，所以目标要尽可能地详细以便于人们能够知道他们到达哪一步，因此B项“可以知道他们在每个阶段的成就”符合题意；A项“最终会达到为自己设定的水平”没有提到；C项“可能会得到一些小奖励，比如出去吃饭”，文章第五段提到As you obtain the levels that you have set for yourself, always include a small reward at each point.（当你获得自己设定的关卡时，在每一个点上都包含一个小奖励），由此可知小奖励是达到设定的目标后所获得的，而不是目标要详细的原因；D项“可以在不同场合调整”，根据倒数第二段Allow some time on a daily basis to educate yourself on how to make the necessary adjustments in your life.（每天给自己一些时间来学习如何在你的生活中做出必要的调整）可知，是在生活中做出调整，而不是任何场合。故该题选B正确。45.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“为了实现一个目标，你必须”。文章最后一句提到Stay focused and disciplined to achieve all that you desire（保持专注和自律，去实现你想要的一切），由此可知，为了实现目标必须要保持自律和专注，故A项“对目标专注直到达到它”符合题意；B项“使自己适应新的变化”，C项“有时偏离常规”和D项“相信正在干的事情”没有提到；因此该题选A正确。4. 单选题Airbnb announced that its going after the major hotel chainswhich at first sounded kind of cute, like a precocious Little League pitcher saying hes going to strike out Miguel Cabrera.But when CEO Brian Chesky laid out his thinking for me while sitting on a barrel in Airbnbs new, funky headquarters in San Francisco, I thought the investors who have pumped $326 million into the company might not be too dim. Airbnb is becoming much more than a way to spend $26 a night to sleep in London with five other people at The Imperial Fleapit.In fact, Airbnb is looking like a proof point of a trend that has been getting a lot of attention lately. Come refer to it as the DIY for do it yourself-movement. Venture capitalist Hemant Taneja, looking at it form a different angle, calls it “unsealing.” Chesky uses the term “decentralized production.” Marc Andreessen hit on the concept in a manifesto entitled “Why Software Is Eating the World.”It all points to the same idea: Information technology is eroding the power of large-scale mass production. Were instead moving toward a world of massive numbers of small-producers offering unique stuffand of consumers who reject mass-produced stuff. The Internet, software, 3D printing, social networks, cloud computing and other technologies are making this economically feasiblein fact desirable.The hotel industry and the way Airbnb thinks about itis an example of how that is playing out. There is a fundamental truth about big hotel chains that is only now being exposed in the Internet age: Hotel chains grew out of a lack of information.In the middle of last century cars and highways made the world far more mobile. Many more people traveled to towns they didnt know and they needed places to sleep. They had no way to know which hotel or boarding house might be nice or offer amenities they wanted. Travel guides, like Mobils popped up in the 1950s, but for the most part information remained scarce.Still, the underlying story of Airbnb, information and the major hotels will get replayed in lots of industries in the next few years: Mass production and sameness mean safety when information, intimacy and trust dont exist. As information delivered globally and cheaply over the Internet, brings back intimacy and trust, the advantage of uniformity at scale slips away.41. According to the passage, Airbnb is a hotel that might be _.42. According to the passage, the future of mass production will be _.43. According to the passage, hotel chains were _.44. According to the passage, the advantage of uniformity at scale _.45. Which of the following might be the title of the passage?问题1选项A.famousB.uniqueC.funkyD.luxurious问题2选项A.feasibleB.desirableC.economicD.dim问题3选项A.the result of scarce informationB.the result of internet ageC.exposed to the consumersD.the example of Airbnb问题4选项A.will create a lot of industriesB.will decrease cost and employ moreC.will be strengthened by intimacyD.will be weakened by information问题5选项A.The Styles of Hotels.B.The Choice of Consumers.C.The End of Mass Production.D.The Importance of information.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】41.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“Airbnb是一个什么样的酒店？”。Famous“著名的”，unique “独特的”，funky “时髦的”，luxurious“奢侈的”；文章讲的是Airbnb宣布要赶超主流的连锁酒店，通篇并没有提及到它很著名或者独特的地方，所以A、B项错误；第二段第二句话提到Airbnb is becoming much more than a way to spend $26 a night to sleep in London（Airbnb酒店正变得不仅仅是一种在伦敦每晚花26美元与其他几个人一起过夜的方式），由此可以看出Airbnb并非奢侈，D项错误；而第二段第一句话提到But when CEO Brian Chesky laid out his thinking for me while sitting on a barrel in Airbnbs new, funky headquarters in San Francisco（但当首席执行官Brian Chesky坐在位于旧金山的新和时髦的Airbnb总部的木桶上向我阐述他的想法时），由此可知Airbnb总部是new and funky，因此C选项正确。42.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“未来大规模生产将会？”。Feasible“可行的”，desirable“令人满意的”，economic“经济的”，dim“暗淡的”；第四段提到It all points to the same idea: Information technology is eroding the power of large-scale mass production（所有这些都指向同一个观点：信息技术正在侵蚀大规模生产的力量。相反，我们正在走向一个由大量提供独特产品的小生产商和拒绝大量生产产品的消费者组成的世界。互联网、软件、3D打印、社交网络、云计算和其他技术正在使其在经济上可行实际上是可取的），由此可以推断出，批量生产的未来是暗淡的，信息技术会逐渐侵蚀大规模生产，因此该题选D正确。43.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。题干的意思是“连锁酒店是？”。由第五段第二句There is a fundamental truth about big hotel chains that is only now being exposed in the Internet age: Hotel chains grew out of a lack of information.（关于大型连锁酒店，有一个基本事实，而这个事实只有在互联网时代才得以暴露，那就是：连锁酒店产生于信息匮乏），可知连锁酒店是信息缺乏的结果，所以A选项正确。44.【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“规模一致性的优势会？”。末段最后一句As information delivered globally and cheaply over the Internet, brings back intimacy and trust, the advantage of uniformity at scale slips away.（随着信息通过互联网在全球范围内以低廉的价格传递，人们会重新获得隐私感和信任，规模一致的优势就会消失），由此可知规模一致的优势将会被信息削弱，所以D选项“被信息削弱”符合。A选项“创造许多工厂”、B选项“减少成本雇佣更多的员工”、C选项“通过隐私获得加强”都不是规模一致性优势的结果。因此D项正确。45.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“下面选项中最适合的标题是什么？”。通篇文章是通过谈论网络信息时代和连锁酒店的发展，论述了批量生产的未来的暗淡。A选项“酒店风格”，全文并没有就酒店的风格进行讨论；B选项“消费者的选择”，文中只是提及了我们会走向这样一个世界，消费者会拒绝批量大规模生产的商品，全篇没有就这事论述；D选项“信息的重要性”，文章围绕信息和连锁酒店来对比，体现了在未来人们会更加依赖于网络信息，但是文章主旨还是阐述未来大批量生产行业的暗淡，所以C选项最符合。5. 单选题The most elaborate of all bird nests _, domed communal structure built by social weaverbirds.问题1选项A.largerB.is the largeC.the largeD.largely is【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。根据句子可知这是一个主系表结构，句子中缺少系动词和后面的名词词组构成系表结构。A项和C项缺少系动词，D项作表语的名词structure前面缺少定冠词the。句意：所有鸟巢中最精致的是群居织鸟建造的大型圆顶公共结构。因此只有B项正确。6. 单选题Mark pursued Elizabeth with gentle manners, but was still repelled.问题1选项A.held upB.held offC.held toD.held in【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。repel表示“抵制”；A项hold up“举起，阻拦”，B项hold off“拖延，不接近”，C项hold to“坚持，紧握”，D项hold in“抑制，约束”。句意：尽管马克用温和的口吻极力劝说伊丽莎白，但仍然被拒绝了。根据句意该题选A。7. 单选题Chinatown has been the center of San Franciscos Chinese community since the 1850s. Its boundaries have expanded significantly since the 1960s, and the neighborhoods built there are generally affluent.问题1选项A.plentifulB.attractiveC.friendlyD.wealthy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。affluent表示“富裕的，丰富的”；A项plentiful“丰富的，许多的”，B项attractive“吸引人的”，C项friendly“友好的”，D项wealthy“富裕的”。句意：自19世纪50年代以来，唐人街一直是旧金山华人社区的中心。自20世纪60年代以来，它的疆界大幅扩张，在那里建造的社区一般都很富裕。根据句意该题选D。8. 单选题Thomas Paine was committed to speaking the truth bluntly _.问题1选项A.as he understood itB.he had understandingC.was understoodD.that his understanding was【答案】A【解析】考查语法。句子结构完整，所以空格处应该是做修饰的成分。A项as引导方式状语，表示“按照”，B项本身不符合语法结构；C项不应再出现谓语动词was；D项that在引导一个缺成分的从句，不符合语法结构。句意：托马斯潘恩(Thomas Paine)致力于直言不讳地说出他所理解的真相。故正确答案为A。9. 单选题The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.问题1选项A.observanceB.traditionC.ruleD.maneuver【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。tactic表示“战略，策略”。A项observance“惯例，仪式”，B项tradition“传统”，C项rule“统治，规则”，D项maneuver“演习，策略”。句意：立法阻挠议事是一种议会策略，旨在拖延或阻止多数人采取行动。根据题意该题选D。10. 填空题Directions: Below is a passage about climate change. Read the passage then fill in each gap with ONE word from the box below the passage. Write your answers in the spaces on the ANSWER SHEET. The first one has been done as an example.Volcanoes May Be Slowing Down Climate ChangeThe planet hasnt been warming as much as climate models predicted and it could be that sulfur emissions from volcanoes are blocking sunlight, cooling the Earth. Small volcanic eruptions might be part of the reason why the pace of global warming hasnt kept up with previous 66 a new study published in Nature. Eruptions of at least 17 volcanoes since 2000, including Kasatochi in Alaska and Merapi in Indonesia, seem to have had a cooling influence on the temperature of the Earths surface and _ 67 atmosphere. In the past, researchers observed increases in levels of greenhouse gases and in global warning, but for the past 15 years the Earths surface temperatures have shown 68 little warming. This so-called hiatus puzzled researchers around the globe have been working to understand this phenomenon. “The hiatus is a fascinating detective story, says the lead author of the study. “What we show is that even without any computer model calculations there is a clear 69 of these early volcanic activity having effects on temperatures and on the reflected sunlight of the atmosphere,” says the lead of the study. Research shows that large volcanic eruptions inject sulfur dioxide gas into the stratosphere. The gas forms tiny droplets of sulfuric acid, also known as “volcanic aerosols,” that can block sunlight. That cooling effect has been largely 70 by climate scientists until now, but it seems to partly offset the warning from human-caused changes in greenhouse gases.【答案】66.predictions67.lower68.relatively69.signal70.ignored【解析】66.考查上下文语境。根据The planet hasnt been warming as much as climate models predicted（地球并没有像气候模型预测的那样变暖）中的predicted可知此处应该是predictions. 句意：自然杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，小型火山爆发可能是全球变暖速度没有跟上之前预测的一致的部分原因。67.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个形容词。选项中能与atmosphere搭配的形容词是lower，influence on the temperature of the Earths surface and lower atmosphere（对地球表面和低层大气的温度的影响）符合句意。68.考查句子结构和语法。空格处应该填入一个程度副词修饰little表示“相当小”。根据句子In the past, researchers observed increases in levels of greenhouse gases and in global warning, but for the past 15 years the Earths surface temperatures have shownlittle warming.（在过去，研究人员观察到温室气体水平的增加和全球变暖，但在过去的15年里，地球表面的温度几乎没有显示出相当小的变暖迹象），可知应该填入relatively程度副词。69.考查句子结构和语法。前面有不定冠词a和形容词clear, 此处应该填入一个单数名词，选项里面只有signal符合。句意：我们所展示的是，即使没有任何计算机模型计算，也有明确的信号表明，这些早期的火山活动对温度和大气反射的阳光产生了影响。70.考查句子结构和语态。根据has been largely by判断，这里是一个被动语态，需要填动词的过去分词，选项里面只有ignored是过去分词。句意：到目前为止，这种降温效应在很大程度上一直被气候科学家所忽视。11. 单选题_ people depend to such a great extent on forests, every effort must be made to preserve trees and wildlife.问题1选项A.HowB.SinceC.ThatD.Which【答案】B【解析】考查句子逻辑。A项how引导疑问句，表示“怎样”，B项since表示“自从，由于”，C项that连接词，用来引导从句，D项which疑问代词表示“哪一个”。该句前后为两个完整的句子，形成因果关系，句首缺少一个表达原因的连词，故B项符合句意。句意：由于人们在很大程度上紧紧依赖森林资源，故我们必须全力以赴保护树木与野生动物。故正确答案为B。12. 单选题For a country such as Britain, _ depends on a manufacturing base that can mean inefficiency.问题1选项A.whoB.itC.thatD.which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意和结构，此处应该是一个非限定性定语从句。先行词在从句中作主语，且不指人，而who指人，that一般不用于引导非限制性定语从句，it不能引导从句；故用which。本句句意是：对于像英国这样依赖于一个制造基地的国家，那样意味着低效率。D选项正确。13. 单选题_, glasses can correct most sight defect in healthy eyes.问题1选项A.When well fittedB.Well fitted whenC.Well fitted ifD.If well fitted when【答案】A【解析】考查语法。When和if都可以表示连接从句表示假设，但不能同时使用，所以排除D项；般的语序是when/if+从句，而不是从句之后接连词，故排除B项和C项；注意题干，主语是glasses（眼镜），从句的主语也是一致的，所以从句的主语和被动语态的be动词省略。句意：如果配戴得当，眼镜可以矫正健康眼睛的大部分视力缺陷。因此，该题正确答案为A。14. 单选题_ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once.问题1选项A.Granted thatB.If onlyC.By nowD.Now that【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A项granted that“即使，假定”，表示条件；B项if only“要是多好”，表示虚拟语气；C项by now“到目前为止”，作时间状语；D项now that“既然，由于”表原因。句子表示原因；因此D项符合。句意：既然我们已经准备好了所有的材料，我们应该立即开始这项新任务。故正确答案为D。15. 单选题At the far end of a kaleidoscope _, one made of clear glass and the other of ground glass.问题1选项A.two plates areB.two plates are thereC.are two plates thereD.are two plates【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。介词引导的状语从句提前，主句需要部分倒装。此句的主语是two plates，故谓语动词are需要提到主语之前，补充说明，如果是there be结构则应保持正常顺序不变。句意：万花筒的远端有两块板，一块是透明玻璃，另一块是磨砂玻璃。故正确答案为D。16. 单选题The most important parts of the collection are inaccessible to scholar.问题1选项A.not usefulB.not attractiveC.not clearD.not available【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。inaccessible表示“难接近的，难达到的”；A项not useful“没有用的”，B项not attractive“不吸引人的”，C项not clear“不清楚的”，D项not available“难以获得的，不能利用的”。句意：学者们无法看到收藏的最重要的部分。因此D项正确。17. 单选题Fashion modeling sounds like an easy, glamorous job, _ only patient, persevering girls can stand the strain of it.问题1选项A.butB.andC.soD.as【答案】A【解析】考查语言逻辑。A项but“但是”表转折关系，B项and“和”表并列，C项so“因此”表因果，D项as“作为，因为”表方式或者原因。前一句话和后一句话存在意义上的转折关系，此处应填转折连词but，A项符合题意。句意：时装模特听起来像是一份简单、迷人的工作，但只有有耐心、有毅力的女孩才能承受它的压力。因此A项正确。18. 填空题Directions: In this part, you will read a passage. Then using words or phrases from the passage fill in the boxes in the following diagram to indicate the possible sequences of events before and after an earthquake. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake.2. There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from inhabited areas.