2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第20期

2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题41. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15)US businesses responded with alarm to President Donald Trumps announcement of wide-ranging tariffs on imports from China, warning that they would raise costs for American consumers and risked provoking a damaging trade war. Business groups from a range of industries expressed a common view: they shared Mr. Trumps concerns about intellectual property violations and unfair trading practices by China but thought his decision to use tariffs to address the problem would be counter-productive. One of the strongest responses to the plans came from the National Retail Federation, which said the tariffs would “punish ordinary Americans for Chinas violations”.【答案】【参考译文】美国总统唐纳德.特朗普(Donald Trump)宣布对中国进口产品广泛征收关税后，美国企业纷纷表示震惊，他们警告，关税将提高美国消费者成本，并有引发破坏性的贸易战的风险。来自不同行业的商界组织表达了共同的看法：他们认同特朗普对中国侵犯知识产权和不公平交易行为的担忧，但认为使用关税解决问题的决定可能适得其反。美国零售联合会(National Retail Federation)是对关税计划作出最强烈回应的机构之一。该机构指出，征收关税将“让普通美国人因中国的违规行为而受到惩罚”。2. 单选题It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it, is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.31. In the first paragraph, the author discusses（ ）32. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?33. According to the text, online publication is significant in that （ ）34. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（ ）35. Which of the following best summarizes the text?问题1选项A.the background information of journal editing.B.the publication routine of laboratory reports.C.the relations of authors with journal publishers.D.the traditional process of journal publication.问题2选项A.It criticizes government-funded research.B.It introduces an effective means of publication.C.It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D.It benefits scientific research considerably.问题3选项A.it provides an easier access to scientific results.B.it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.C.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.D.it facilitates public investment in scientific research.问题4选项A.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review before submission.问题5选项A.The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B.A new mode of publication is emerging.C.Authors welcome the new channel for publication.D.Publication is rendered easier by online service.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】31.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。本段没有明显的主题句，因此需要根据句子所陈述的意思概括出该段落的主旨大意。结合各句的含义可知，第一段主要是描述了过去学术期刊的出版过程及特点，因此D选项“期刊出版的传统过程”正确。32.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第四句The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits（澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰霍顿和经济合作与发展组织的格雷厄姆维克里共同撰写的这份报告让那些迄今已获得可观利润的出版商们读起来费劲）可推断出，出版商们“读起来费劲”显然不是因为读不懂，而是因为这个报告触及了他们的利益，因此C选项“这让盈利的期刊出版商感到不安”正确。33.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句中的The internet and pressure from funding agencies . is making access to scientific results a reality（互联网和来自资助机构的压力正在使获取科学结果成为现实），以及第三段第一句The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access（知识的价值和对公共研究投资的回报，在某种程度上取决于广泛的分配和方便的获取）可以推断出，知识的价值在于其广泛传播和即时获取，而互联网使得科学成果的容易获取变成现实，因此互联网在线出版的重大意义在于“它使人们更容易获得科学成果”，A选项正确。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第五句There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published（一种是开放获取出版，通常要求作者或其雇主为论文的出版付费）可知，A选项“支付出版的费用”正确。35.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文从客观的角度，介绍了新的出版方式（由此可知B选项“出现了一种新的出版模式”正确），并没有表露作者的观点，也没有从传统的出版社的角度来表示互联网是一种威胁，因此可以分别排除C选项、A选项；D选项“在线服务使发布变得更容易”本文并未提及，因此排除D选项。3. 单选题Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach- in” honoring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted andanother sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Communities and civic associations in every comer of the county erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what Im talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess” the legacy of Lincoln. The verdictno surprisewas negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was describedby his admirers, rememberas “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But hes so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroicapproachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheistLincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.Whats often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century agoand, through them, Lincoln himselfhave left us the hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country weve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this years celebration, is inadequate and even halfhearted because（ ）.27. According the passage what really makes the 1909 celebrations different form this years?28. In the authors opinion, the counter-conference（ ）.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary people（ ）.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seenB.no activities can be compared to those in 1909C.no Lincoln statue will be unveiledD.no memorial coins will be issued问题2选项A.Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.B.Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C.Respect for great people and their influence.D.Temporal proximity to Lincolns presidency.问题3选项A.rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholarsB.resulted in similar disparaging remarks on LincolnC.came up with somewhat favorable conclusionsD.offered a brand new reassessment perspective问题4选项A.reveals the variety of current opinions on heroesB.shows the present-day desire to emulate LincolnC.reflects the present-day tendency of worshipD.conforms to traditional images问题5选项A.The memorial is symbolic of the great mans achievements.B.Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.C.Each generation has its own interpretation of Lincoln.D.People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】26、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“inadequate and even halfhearted”定位到本文第二段，可知本段是指今年的庆祝是不够的，甚至有点三心二意。再根据第三段主要讲述为什么今年的庆祝是不够的，由第三段第一句话“Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909”（将今年的庆祝活动与1909年的林肯诞生100周年进行比较），然后本段主要介绍了1909年的庆祝活动的盛大，所以可知今年的庆祝不够是因为与1909年相比，是远远不够的，因此B选项符合题意；A选项没有原文依据；C、D选项都是今年庆祝活动没有，而1909年有的具体表现，所以排除。因此B选项正确。27、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由26题也可知今年与1909年的庆祝活动不同的是庆祝的种类与规模，即本文的第三段介绍了有哪些不同，因此B选项符合题意。A选项“为纪念林肯而建造的建筑物”是属于庆祝的规模与范畴的；C选项说法错误，即使是今天，人们也无法用语言描述出林肯的伟大；D选项没有原文依据。因此B选项正确。28、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was describedby his admirers, rememberas nonjudgmental, unmoralistic, comfortable with ambiguity”（这位目睹了我们历史上最野蛮的战争的人，被他的崇拜者描述为请记住“不偏不倚”“不讲道德”“喜欢模棱两可”）可知反会议上学者为林肯做的画像，传递出关于林肯负面的内容，即导致了对林肯类似的贬低的言论，所以B选项与其相对应。A、C、D选项均说法错误，与B选项意义相反，所以排除。因此B选项正确。29、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“image of Lincoln”可定位到倒数第二段的第一句话“This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image”，后面是一些作家对林肯的形象的制造，总之是很混乱的，包括幽默家、解放者等，所以林肯的形象揭示了当前对英雄的各种不同看法，因此A选项说法正确。B、C、D选项没有原文依据。30、【试题答案】B【试题解析】总结归纳题。由题干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句话“Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us”（这就是林肯，他可以不断地被更新，在他出生200年后，他仍然保留着更新我们的权力）可知人们对林肯的形象有不同的解释与更新，但是尽管时间流逝，林肯的伟大仍然存在，最后一段主要强调林肯的伟大不会消失且一直在影响着人们。最后一段没有提到纪念碑的内容，A选项排除；C选项体现在倒数第二段，题干问的是最后一段；D选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题There have been many ups and downs for Air Canada, but the company continues to control the majority of the domestic market. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.strengths and weaknessesB.fortunes and misfortunesC.assets and liabilitiesD.bolts and nuts【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项strengths and weaknesses“优势与劣势”；B选项fortunes and misfortunes“机遇与不幸”；C选项assets and liabilities“资产与负债”；D选项bolts and nuts“螺栓与螺帽，指基本的但很重要的组成部分”。ups and downs意为“起起伏伏、盛衰、浮沉”，B选项fortunes and misfortunes“机遇与不幸”与其最接近，因此B选项正确。句意：虽然加拿大航空公司经历了许多起起落落，但该公司仍然控制着大部分的国内市场。5. 单选题No modern industrial enterprises can（ ）for a moment without rules and set procedures.问题1选项A.makeB.doC.tryD.perform【答案】B【解析】动词do可以用来表达完成一些日常的活动或工作。注意，这些活动通常都是没有产出具体实物的活动，所以do符合本题语义；make用来表达构造、建立和创造的意思，用来表达创造出可以触碰的实物的活动，所以排除。C、D词义不符。6. 单选题The road outside the school is a menace to the childrens safety. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.troubleB.headacheC.barrierD.threat【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项trouble“麻烦；烦恼”；B选项headache“头痛；麻烦”；C选项barrier“障碍物，屏障；界线”；D选项threat“威胁”。句意：学校外面的道路对孩子们的安全是个（ ） 。根据逻辑可知，对学生而言，校外的道路是有交通安全隐患的，即“威胁”，因此D选项正确。7. 单选题He failed to completely achieve the aim（ ）by the teacher at the beginning of the term.问题1选项A.set forthB.brought forthC.come upD.put forward【答案】A【解析】set forth the aim表示“提出（设立）目标”。bring forth 和 put forward 也是“提出”，但不能与aim 搭配使用，我们可以说：bring forth evidence，put forward a theory (idea，plan，suggestion)。come up 意为“出现”“被提出”，作非及物动词用。本句意为：“他没有完全达到教师在学期初提出的目标。”8. 单选题There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. (1*10=10)Regardless of their political affiliation, in all countries women must overcome a host of stumbling blocks that limit their political careers. “Most obstacles to progress consist of（11）of various kinds,” says the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), a Geneva-based organization（12）139 parliaments, including the lack of time, training, information, self-confidence, money, support, motivation, womens networks and solidarity between women.In every culture, prejudice and stereotypes（13）hard. The belief still holds（14）that women belong in the kitchen and with the children, not at election（15）or in the Speakers chair. The media often reinforce traditional images of women, who upon entering politics, also bear the brunt（正面冲击）of verbal and physical（16）.In impoverished（贫穷的）countries racked by civil conflicts and deteriorating economic and social conditions, women are（17）by the tasks of managing everyday life and looking after their families.The IPU stresses the general lack of child-care facilities often（18）a privileged few the reluctance of political parties to change the times and running of meetings and the weak backing women receive from their families. That support, which is（19）as well as financial, is all the more vital because women have internalized（20）images of themselves since the dawn of time and often suffer from low self-confidence.问题1选项A.deficienciesB.deficitsC.defectsD.flaws问题2选项A.embracingB.composingC.comprisingD.constituting问题3选项A.persistB.vanishC.reviveD.die问题4选项A.swayB.waterC.truthD.proof问题5选项A.assembliesB.conventionsC.associationsD.rallies问题6选项A.penaltiesB.attacksC.torturesD.abuses问题7选项A.strappedB.bandagedC.restrainedD.inhibited问题8选项A.allowed forB.put in forC.reserved forD.compensated for问题9选项A.moralB.mortalC.orthodoxD.sensible问题10选项A.negativeB.obsoleteC.undesirableD.vice【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:A第10题:A【解析】11.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项deficiency“不足；缺乏”；B选项deficit“赤字”；C选项defect“缺点，缺陷”；D选项flaw“瑕疵，缺点”。该段介绍了阻碍妇女生涯的因素，如缺乏时间、培训等等，根据下文的关键词lack可以推断出，A选项符合题意。12.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项embrace“拥抱”；B选项compose“构成；写作”；C选项comprise“包含；由组成”；D选项constitute“组成，构成”。空格处可翻译为：一个 139个议会的总部设在日内瓦的组织，因此空格处为“包括”之意。B、C、D选项均有此意，但B选项常用作被动形式，即be composed of；D选项constitute在这里应用作139 parliaments constitute the IPU的形式，因此C选项正确。13.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配die hard意为“非常顽固、难以根除”。句意：在每种文化中，偏见和成见都很难消除。14.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配hold sway意为“支配；统治”，句意：妇女应待在厨房里、应和孩子在一起这种观念仍然占主导地位。15.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项assembly“集合；集会”；B选项convention“大会；法惯例”；C选项association“协会；联盟”；D选项rally“集会（与政治相关的）”。由关键词election可以推断出D选项符合题意。16.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项penalty“罚款，罚金；处罚”；B选项attack“攻击；抨击”；C选项torture“折磨；拷问；歪曲”；D选项abuse“滥用；虐待；辱骂”。bear the brunt of verbal and physical 16 可翻译为“承受言语和身体 的冲击”，此处用attack“攻击；抨击”最为合适，C、D用在此处显得程度过于严重了。17.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项strap“用带捆绑，用带固定；捆扎”；B选项bandage“用绷带包扎”；C选项restrain“抑制、控制做不好的事”；D选项inhibit“抑制；禁止”。women are 17 by the tasks of managing everyday life and looking after their families可翻译为“妇女被管理日常生活和照顾家庭的任务所 ”，因此A选项最符合文意，可翻译为“束缚”。18.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项allow for“考虑到，虑及”；B选项put in for“申请”；C选项reserve for“为而保留”；D选项compensate for“赔偿，补偿”。根据前文可知，照顾儿童的设施是缺乏的，那么可以推断出，空格处是指少数享有特权的人还是可以享受到这些设施的，因此C选项符合题意。19.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的”；B选项mortal“凡人的；致死的”；C选项orthodox“正统的；传统的”；D选项sensible“明智的；通情达理的”。空格处是形容“妇女得到的支持”，根据financial可推断出，与经济支持相对应的一般是道德、精神上的支持，A选项符合文意。20.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negative“消极的”；B选项obsolete“废弃的；老式的”；C选项undesirable“不良的；不受欢迎的”；D选项vice“副的；代替的”。根据often suffer from low self-confidence（经常缺乏自信）可推断出，A选项正确。9. 单选题Able to go almost anywhere, even over the mountainous Allegheny barrier, the railroad（ ）terrain and weather.问题1选项A.defiedB.resistedC.counterpoisedD.suppressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅”；B选项resist“抵抗，抗拒；忍耐”；C选项counterpoise“使平衡；均衡”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：几乎可以去任何地方，甚至可以越过阿勒格尼山脉，铁路 地形和天气。根据句意可知，这里是指铁路可以不受地形和天气的影响，即“藐视”地形和天气，A选项正确。10. 单选题Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Kidnapping is the cruelest crime of the 20th century. There is not the political passion behind most hijacking; the motive is greed for money. The victims, provided their families are rich enough, are chosen at random. With the