2022-2023年考博英语-首都师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第26期

2022-2023年考博英语-首都师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The prisoner was（ ）of his civil liberty for three years.问题1选项A.dischargedB.derivedC.deprivedD.dispatched【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。 discharge 卸下，放出； derive from 源自；deprive丧失，剥夺； dispatch 派遣，分派。 句意：这位囚犯被剥夺了三年的个人自由。C项符合句意。答案C。2. 单选题Since John has such an （ ）to flying, I am certain that he will not want to go to Britain with us.问题1选项A.aviationB.aviatorC.aversionD.avocation【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。aviation “航空，飞行术”； aviator “飞行员”； aversion “厌恶，反感”；avocation “副业，业余爱好”。句意：既然约翰那么讨厌乘飞机，那我可以肯定他将不会愿意和我们一起去英国。根据前后句关系可知答案C3. 单选题Much （ ）I liked Jane, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me.问题1选项A.whileB.asC.sinceD.for【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。 while 虽然； as同样；much as表示虽然，即使；since 既然； for 为了。句意：尽管我喜欢Jane, 但我讨厌她有时跟我说话高傲的语气。由like 和hated可知，这是一种转折关系，故答案B4. 单选题Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, （ ）the same company.问题1选项A.all elseB.much worseC.less likelyD.let alone【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。all else “其他所有”；much worse “更差”；less likely “最不可能的是”；let alone“更不必说”。句意：当今人们越来越不希望一生只干同样的工作，更不用说只待在一家公司了。D项符合句意，答案D5. 单选题One study found that job applicants who make more eye contacts are （ ）as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.问题1选项A.referredB.perceivedC.recommendedD.presumed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。referred 提到，关系到；perceived感觉，认为； recommended 推荐，劝告； presumed 以为，假定。句意：一项研究发现，眼神接触多的求职者会被视为更有警觉、独立、自信和有责任心。B项符合句意，答案B6. 翻译题There are 2 short passages in this part. Passage A is for you to translate from English to Chinese and passage B is from Chinese to English.Passage ACustom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how abnormal. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.No man ever looks at the world with pure eyes. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind certain stereotypes. John Dewey has said that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of the mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk.Passage B教育的主要目标之一就是给未来的公民准备好他们在成人社会占有一席之地所需要的一切。当今的成人社会由男人和女人组成，所以男女分开的学校怎么可能为他们的 将来做好恰当的准备呢？男女同校的教育给孩子提供的完全是现实社会的真实缩影。男 孩女孩都有机会互相了解，有机会学着从小在一起生活。在这里，他们可以在学习能力、 体育运动成绩和许多课外活动方面进行相互比较，这些都是学校生活的一部分。【答案】风俗一般不被认为是什么重要的课题。我们认为我们大脑的内部活动特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最平常的行为而已。但事实恰恰相反。全世界的风俗习惯是很多具体行为的集合，这些具体行为不管有多不正常，也比任何个体行为令人惊讶。这只是问题的次要方面。最重要的是，风俗习惯在人们的经验及信仰上扮演的重要角色以及它所体现的多样性。没有人能以纯净的眼睛看待世界。即使在哲学探索中，他也没有彻底抛弃成见。约翰杜威曾经说过，风俗对于个体行为的塑造之于个体对风俗的影响，正如一个人的母语词汇与他的咿呀学语一样。A major goal of education is to prepare everything they need for future citizens to their place in adult society. Todays adult community is composed of men and women, so, how can schools separate men and women to make appropriate preparations for their future? What co-educational education provided to children is completely true microcosm of the real world. They have the opportunity to have mutual understanding and learn to live together. Here, they can compare with each other in learning abilities, sports performance and many extra-curricular activities and all of these are parts of school life.7. 单选题Egyptian authorities are trying to prevent their historical monuments from （ ）the savages of time.问题1选项A.standing byB.counting onC.succumbing toD.holding up【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。standing by 支持，准备行动； counting on 依赖，依靠；succumbing to屈服于 ；holding up拿着。句意：埃及当局正在试图阻止他们的历史古迹随着时间推移而消陨。C项符合题意，答案C8. 单选题Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career or sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the productaccess to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meager in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read them literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didnt materialize.The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individuals pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a “future endlessly deferred”.The Estivalia advert is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to realityEstivalia, which is “for daydream believers”, those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes inadequate to merelycondemn advertising for channeling readers attention and desires towards an unrealistic, paradisiacal nowhere land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the utopia visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a casual connection.1.The people in adverts are in most cases are（ ）.2.When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didnt materialize, the average consumer is not surprised, because（ ）.3.Whats the bridge linking daydream to reality in adverts?4.What is this passage mainly concerned with?问题1选项A.happy and glamorousB.successfulC.obviousD.both A and B问题2选项A.The consumer is used to the fact that the individuals pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain.B.Adverts are factual statements about reality.C.The consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by adverts.D.Adverts can make the consumers dreams come true问题3选项A.The product.B.Estivalia.C.Pictures.D.Happy and glamorous people问题4选项A.Many adverts can be read literally.B.Everyone has a daydream.C.Many adverts function on the level of the daydream.D.Many adverts are deceitful because they cannot make good their promises.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段中“By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career or sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life. 广告通过描绘非常快乐和迷人的在事业或性方面的成功是显而易见的，广告构建了一个想象的世界，在这个世界里，读者能够使那些在他或她的日常生活中仍未得到满足的愿望成为现实。可知大多数广告里的人们都是表现得快乐和迷人，并且成功的。故D项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由第三段“.for this is what he is used to in life: the individuals pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. 这就是他过去所习惯的生活追求个人幸福和成功通常是徒劳的。可知A项正确。答案A第3题:细节事实题。由倒数第二段中“ .it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to realityEstivalia. 可知连接白日梦和现实之间的桥梁是Estivalia。故B项正确，答案B第4题:主旨大意题。由第一段中 “Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. 大多数人可能会同意，许多个人消费者广告的功能在白日梦的水平。”与最后一段“If adverts function on the daydream level. 如果广告在白日梦层面发挥作用。”可知本文主要讲述了大部分广告都有让人做白日梦的功能。故C项正确。9. 单选题I would never have （ ）a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.问题1选项A.sought forB.accounted forC.turned upD.resorted to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。seek for“寻求，追求”；account for“对做出解释”；turn up “出现，发生”；resort to “依靠，求助于，诉诸”。句意：如果我没到如此绝望的地步，我是不会诉诸法律的。根据前后句意可知D项符合，答案D10. 单选题The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage （ ）upon the world by the war.问题1选项A.imposedB.impressedC.compelledD.compressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。 impose“把 强加于”； impress“给予印象”； compel“强迫，迫使”；compress “压缩”。句意：当然，最终的文件应该去修复战争强加给世界的损害。impose upon“强加给” 为固定搭配。答案A11. 单选题This border incident led to the two countries （ ）diplomatic relations in 1965.问题1选项A.breaking upB.finishingC.cutting outD.breaking off【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。break up “打碎，分手”； finish “完成”； cut out“切断，删去”； break off “中断”。句意：这次边境冲突导致这两个国家在1965年中断了外交关系。由border incident可推知这两国中断了外交关系。答案D12. 单选题Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms （ ）with age as an inevitable outcome of living.问题1选项A.depressB.defaultC.deteriorateD.degrade【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。depress “压抑，使沮丧”； default“不履行，拖欠”； deteriorate “恶化，变坏”；degrade“退化，使降级”。句意：有机物随时间流逝而退化，这也是生命不可避免的结果，一些科学家对此表示怀疑。D项符合题意，答案D13. 单选题Apart from philosophical and legal reasons for respecting patients wishes, there are several practical reasons why doctors should （ ）to involve patients in their own medical care decisions.问题1选项A.enforceB.endowC.endeavorD.enhance【答案】C【解析】解析：考查动词辨析题。enforce “实施，执行”；endow “赋予，捐赠”；endeavor “努力，尽力”；enhance“提高，加强”。句意：出于哲学和法律方面的考虑，医生应尊重病人的意愿，除此之外，还有几个实际原因解释了为什么医生应该努力让病人参与他们自己的医疗事项。C项符合句意，答案C14. 单选题Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are theyll say, Success. The dream of individual opportunity has been home in Americans since Europeans discovered a new world in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Fanner (1782) he wrote: We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的)and unrestrained, because each person works for himself. We have no princes, for whom we toil (干苦力活)，starve, and bleed: We are the most perfect society now existing in the world. The promise of a land where the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of illustration of the American success story. Theres Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became Americans best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend millions every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down, and dressing for success. The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today its as important to be successful in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to make it also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the right neighborhoods, wear the right clothes, eat the right foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.1.What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?2.By saying the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor (Line 10-11, Para. 1), the author means（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that（ ）.4.What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?问题1选项A.People are free to develop their power of imagination.B.People who are honest and work hard can succeed.C.People are free from exploitation and oppression.D.People can fully enjoy individual freedom.问题2选项A.the more diligent one is, the bigger his returnsB.laborious work ensures the growth of an industryC.a mans business should be developed step by stepD.a companys success depends on its employees hard work问题3选项A.business success often contributes to a successful marriageB.Americans wish to succeed in every aspect of lifeC.good personal relationships lead to business successD.successful business people provide good care for their children问题4选项A.The American road to success is full of nightmares.B.Status symbols are not a real indicator of a persons wealth.C.The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.D.What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到文章第一段中的 Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean deCrevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found inthis new land. 像Hector St. Jean deCrevecoeur这样的早期移民高度赞扬了在这片新土地上发现的自由和机会。以及We are all excited at the spiritof an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的)andunrestrained我们对于这种行业的无拘无束的和不受限制的精神感到兴奋。可知美国梦的核心精神就是自由。答案D第2题:推理判断题。根据“because each person works for himself 因为每个人都为自己工作。”以及The promise of a land where “the rewards of a mans industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories. 在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的增长成正比”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。”可知每个人都为自己打工，越勤劳，赚得就越多。故答案A第3题:推理判断题。定位到第二段最后一句today its as important to be “successful” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business. 今天，在婚姻或家庭中取得成功和在事业上取得成功一样重要。可知美国人认为在婚姻或亲子关系上的成功与商业成功同样重要。故B项“美国人希望在生活的每个方面都取得成功”正确。第4题:推理判断题。由第三段最后一句 “These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。”可知美国梦的矛盾之处在于美国相信人人平等，但又在尽力将自己与别人区分开来。故D项正确。15. 单选题In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product theyre looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability.Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier, says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet.Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to pull customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to push information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the PointCast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starling to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offering，or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.1.What do we learn about the present web business?2.Established partners are preferred in web business because（ ）.3.Net purists are most worried that（ ）.4.What can be inferred about A?问题1选项A.Web business is no longer in fashionB.Business-to-business sales are the trend.C.Web business is prosperous in the consumer market.D.Many companies still lack confidence in web business.问题2选项A.they are more creditable than othersB.they specify the products they wantC.they have access to the companys private intranetD.they are capable of conducting online transactions问题3选项A.only the requested information conies to the screenB.the net is filled with commercial promotionC.the difference between the Wed and TV will fadeD.push technology will dominate the screen问题4选项A.Its success is attributed to push strategies.B.It is prosperous without push strategies.C.It is highly concerned about the cost of computing power.D.It is a good example of the flourishing online business.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。第2段开头的Nonetheless表明该句与首段提到的内容有转折关系：Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because（尽管如此，许多公司仍然对使用网络犹豫不决，因为），因此D项“许多公司对网络商务依然缺少自信”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由第二段because of doubts about its reliability.及最后一句“Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet. 一些公司通过只与已建立业务的伙伴进行在线交易来限制风险，这些业务伙伴可以访问公司的私有内部网。”可知商家为了减轻风险，会选择与建立了合作关系的固定合作伙伴交易，因为他们更值得信赖。”答案A第3题:细节事实题。第3段末句开头的Thats a prospect表明前面提到的内容就是使网络净化者觉得担忧的问题，上文说网络广告不应像电视那样不请自来，由此可见，网络净化者最担心的是以后电脑屏幕会被不请自来的广告占据，因此D为本题答案。关键不在于“网络中满是商业促销”，而是“push technology（广告推送）”。第4题:推理判断题。由第四段首句“But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.不靠推销策略赚钱也是可行的。”接着例举亚马逊的成功案例，可知答案B16. 单选题The actual process by which coal is extracted is well（ ）, if you get the chance and are willing to take the trouble.问题1选项A.worth watchingB.worth to be watchedC.worthy watchingD.worthy to be watched【答案】