2012年吉大考博英语真题

wordPart I Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best pletes the sentence. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Language, culture, and personality may be considered of each other in thought, butthey are inseparable in fact.A. indistinctlyB. separatelyC. inelevantlyD. independently2. The work was done in theof reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.A. contextB. contestC. pretextD. texture3. The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt wasbythe board of trustees.A. approvedB. frustratedC. disclosedD. justified4. Some journalists are found of overstating the situation so that their news may create agreat.A. explosionB. sensationC. exaggeratingD. stimulation5. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, there was little todisprove it.A. by the same tokenB. under the same conditionC. at the same stageD. for the same purpose6. Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causesenergy to bein some form.A. given offB. put outC. set offD. used up7. The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treatyfollowing itsdeclaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.A. unanimousB. abstractC. autonomousD. almighty8. This growth in theof diabetes is due, in part, to an increase in obesity.A. inferenceB. incidenceC. regulationD. repetition9. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around 110 billion, the 160 billion thePresident is struggling to get through the Congress.A. in proportion toB. in reply toC. in relation toD. in contrast to10. Frances of nuclear testing in the South Pacitic last month triggered pollticaldebates and mass demonstrations.A. assumptionB. consumptionC. presumptionD. resumption11. Theof a oultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physicalaspect in the life style of the people.A. implementationB. demonstcationC. manifestationD. expedition12. Reading the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes whatwe read our.A. rectitiesB. prolongsC. minimizesD. furnishes13. Previous studies provokedbecause the used patients whose diagnosis wasquestionable.A. contrlbutionB. contractionC. controversyD. convergence14. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close.A. temperamentB. contaminationC. scrutinyD. symmetry15. I never said anything like that at all You are purposelymy ideas to prove yourpoints.A. revisingB. contradictingC. distortingD. distracting16. To survive in the intense trade petition between countries, panies mustthequalities and varieties of their products to the world-market demand.A. forfeitB. enhanceC. guaranteeD. gear17.I was unaware of the critical points invoived, so my choice was quite .A. arbitraryB. rationalC. mechanicalD. unpredictable18. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability tofurther research andfurther thinking about a particular topic.A. stimulateB. renovateC. arouseD. advocate19. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they readletters from theirfamilies.A. affectionateB. sentimentalC. intimateD. sensitive20. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just and needsproving.A. spontaneousB. hypotheticalC. intuitiveD. empirical21.The ceremony willas soon as the president arrives.A. mendB. plyC. confrontD. mence22. The barbarous aggressors grew more and morein slaughtering people and burningdown their houses.A. amorphousB. ferociousC. audaciousD. egregious23. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have bee and are nolonger used in the present days.A. obsoleteB. obsceneC. obviousD. oblique24. Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy torevenueby limiting merce.A. disregardB. challengeC. diminishD. reject25. The spectators in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloonsslowly into the sky.A. descendingB. ascendingC. escalatingD. elevating26. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advancedmedical, will bee progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A. interferenceB. interruptionC. interventionD. interaction27. Several intemational events in the early 1990s seem likely to, or at least weaken,the trends that emerged in the 1980s.A. revoltB. revolveC. reverseD. revive28. Foreign disinvestments and theof South Africa from world capital markets after1985 further weakened its economy.A. displacementB. eliminationC. exclusionD. exception29. We are moving towards a more and cooperative society ,which is getting better and better.A fraternal B emotional C exclusion D illegal30. The student were about who their new teacher would be when thebell rang for their first class in the new semester.A. foreseeingB. speculatingC. fabricatingD. ponderingPart III Reading prehension (60%)Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get towork, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to bat it. Oftentimes, successis achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problemand finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entirepopulation of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entirepopulation through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will notspread.The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus ordisease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it off naturally. To acplish this, a small weakor dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, sothat his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how topenetrate the diseases defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patients immune system in aprocess that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makessure that, should the patient later e into contact with the real problem, his body is wellequipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened versionof the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in theimmune case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearlywiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers.Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease fromthe vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were toreceive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, ending themandatory vaccination of all babies in America In the event of a re-introduction of the disease,however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths fromvaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden cures.51. How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to paragraph two?A. By passing information on how to fight the disease to the disease.B. By passing information on how to fight the disease to the immune system.C. By weakening the disease so that the immune system can defeat it.D. Introducing the disease to the body, so that survivors have already fought it.52. What does the example of the smallpox vaccine illustrate?A. The way that vaccines protect people from diseases.B. The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain diseases.C. The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.D. The possible negative oute of administering vaccines.53. The author argues that vaccinations are both a blessing and a curse because .A. saving the many would not necessarily justify the death of the few.B. some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, have negative side effects.C. they dont always work.D. while many lives are saved, SOME ARE ACTUALLY KILLED BY THE VACCINT.54. The best title for the passage would be .A. “The Smallpox Vaccine: An Analysis.B. “How Vaccines Work.C. “Vaccines: Methods and Implications.D. “A Warning on the Negative Side Effects of Vaccines.55. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. convince the reader that vaccines are not as safe as many think.B. educate the reader on how vaccines are used and some of their dangers.C. educate the reader on the circumstances that would necessitate widespread vaccinations.D. present the method by which vaccines are used through the case of the smallpox vaccine.Passage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Few natural dangers are more feared than avalanches. Avalanches are a familiar part ofEuropean history, Particularly in the Swiss and French Alps. This is where the direction of warshas turned almost instantly because of avalanches wiping out invading armies.In North America, avalanches are limited almost entirely to the Rocky Mountains and thelower ranges to the west, the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades. Avalanches have occurred in themountains of New England but not with the regularity and intensity seen in the westernmountains.Several methods are used in explaining and predicting avalanches. Scientists and learningabout them using research methods. So many of the factors that create avalanches are hiddenbeneath the snows surface that predictions are still largely guesswork. Therefore, winter travelersmust assume the worst of conditions when the traverse the slopes.An avalanche occurs when a given amount of snow bees too heavy for whatever isholding it in place. It then breaks loose and slides downhill.Avalanches are divided into two general categories, loose snow and slab. A loose snowavalanche usually starts at a single point, such as a skiers track, and spreads out like a fan or apyramid in a chain reaction. One crystal breaks another free, which multiples as the loose snowmoves downhill. Sometimes these avalanches stop after only a few feet. Sometimes they movethousands of tons of snow downhill in speeds up to 300 miles per hour. This creates a shock wavethat can flatten parts of a forest that are not even touched by the actual avalanche.Slab avalanches are those that have a wide area of snow which breaks loose in a large piece.These can range in size from just a few square feel to thousands of square feet of snow. The mostdangerous and mon type of avalanche for skiers is the so-called “soft slab avalanche. Thistype occurs most often during, or just after a heavy snowfall. The snow hasnt yet had a chance tosettle and adhere to the temperature, the less likely the new snow will form a bond with theexisting snow.56. What would be the best title for this passage?A. AvalanchesB. The History of AvalanchesC. Skiers BewareD. Avalanches Can Kill57. According to the passage, how did avalanches affect wars?A. They hid the armies approaching the city aiding in the attack.B. They killed the armies approaching the city.C. They blocked paths into the city.D. They snowblinded the approaching armies.58. According to the passage, what must skiers assume about avalanches when skiing?A. They only have to worry after a heavy snowfall.B. Avalanches only occur in the Swiss or French Alps.C. They should always expect that an avalanche will occur.D. When skiing in New England, they will never have to worry about an avalanche.59. According to the passage, when is the most dangerous time for skiers?A. When the temperature is below 20 degrees F.B. Right before a snowstorm.C. During a snowstorm.D. In the winter.60. According to the passage, which factor causes an avalanche?A. The slope of the mountain.B. The size of the snowfall.C. The amount and intensity of movement around the snowfall.D. The weight of the snow.Passage ThreeQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradicteach other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching isbadly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignoredeeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research universitybecause it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college.Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents s problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition isusually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching.A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to bechallenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor getsoverall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the beststudents, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, auniversity trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have toconfront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time neededto keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientistsrequires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Althoughscientists are usually “made in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost by poor teaching atthe college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but torecognize that the bination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only tothose who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those who profess and itis perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of themunity of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished researchinvestigators of something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and agreat teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teachingand research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappearare not fulfilling their responsibilities.61. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A. The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.B. Teaching and research are contradictory.C. Research can never be emphasized too much.D. It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.62. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partlybecause .A. research improves the quality of teaching.B. students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors.C. professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough.D. it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively.63. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?A. Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B. It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train newscientists.C. The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.D. The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to bine teaching withresearch.64. The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do .A. scientific researchB. teachingC. field workD. investigation65. The phrase “the problem (Line 4, Para. 5) refers to .A. raising the status of teaching.B. the separation of teaching from research.C. the bination of teaching with research.D. improving the status of research.Passage FourQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Large panies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem,on a smaller scale, faces practically every pany trying to develop new products and create newjobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people weknow, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling toprovide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So panies turn to the public,inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share infuture profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The StockExchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions,both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the pany with whom heoriginally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who isseeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by theGovernment or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, thiscountry could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and newdevelopment if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxesalone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently neededto borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, e to The Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living doesnot depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. Inone way or another, this new money must e from the savings of the country. The StockExchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who needfinance.66. Almost all panies involved in new production and development must .A. rely on their financial resources.B. persuade the banks to provide long-term finance.C. borrow large sums of money from friends and people we know.D. depend on the population as a whole for finance.67. The money which enables these panies to go ahead with their projects is .A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible.B. raised by the selling of shares in the panies.C. exchanges for part ownership in The Stock Exchange.D. invested in different panies on The Stock Exchange.68. When the savers want their money back they .A. ask another pany to obtain their money for them.B. look for other people to borrow money from.C. put their shares in the pany back on the market.D. transfer their money to a more successful pany.69. All the essential services on which we depend are .A. run by the Government or our local authorities.B. in constant need of financial support.C. financed wholly by rates and taxes.D. unable to provide for the needs of the population.70. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalizedindustries .A. to borrow as much money as they wish.B. to make certain everybody saves money.C. to raise money to finance new developments.D. to make certain everybody lends money to them.Passage FiveQuestions 71