初三英语单元总结

九年级英语Unit11. by + doing 通过方式eg：We study English by studying with a group by 还可以表示：“在旁”、“靠近”、“在期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等eg：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten oclock.The thief entered the room by the window.The student went to park by bus.2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论eg：The students often talk about movie after class.talk to sb. = talk with sb. 与某人说话3. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? What/ How about going fishing? Why dont you + do sth.? Why dont you go fishing? Why not + do sth. ? Why not go fishing? Lets + do sth. Lets go fishing Shall we/ I + do sth.? Shall we/ I go fishing?4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 eg：Thanks a lot.5. tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. eg：Im too tired to say anything. 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与大声或响亮有关。aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。eg: He read the story aloud to his son.loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。eg: She told us to speak a little louder. loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。eg: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.7. not at all 一点也不 根本不 eg: I like milk very much. I dont like coffee at all.8. be / get excited about sth. be / get excited about doing sth.= be excited to do sth. eg :I am / get excited about going to Beijing. I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。9. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 eg:The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 end up with sth. 以结束 begin with sth.以开始eg: The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。10. first of all 首先 = firstly = at first later on 后来. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 11 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末12. make mistakes 犯错 eg：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。make a mistake 犯一个错误 eg： I have made a mistake. 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） eg：Dont laugh at me!14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做eg: She enjoys playing football. enjoy oneself 过得愉快 eg：He enjoyed himself. 16. native speaker 说本族语的人17. make up 组成、构成 18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一 eg: She is one of the most popular teachers. 19. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事 eg：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English20. practice doing 练习做某事She often practices speaking English. 21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 He has decided to go to Beijing . 22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句 eg:You will fail unless you work hard.假如你不努力你会失败。 I wont write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写23. deal with 处理 eg：I cant dealt with a lot of problems in my life.24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 eg：Mother worried about his son just now. 25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 eg:I was angry with her. 26. perhaps = maybe 也许27. go by (时间) 过去 eg： Two years went by. 两年过去了。28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 eg：I saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.29. each other 彼此 eg: We should help each other30. regard as 把看作为.eg:The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。. 33 too many许多 修饰可数名词 eg：too many girls too much许多 修饰不可数名词 eg：too much milk much too太 修饰形容词 eg：much too beautiful32. changeinto将变为如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 33. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下 with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 34. compare to 把与相比eg：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.35. instead 代替 用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来） instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词eg:Last year I went to Beijing. This year I will go to Shanghai instead.I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 九年级英语Unit21. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事否定形式：didnt use to do sth. / used not to do sth. eg: He used to smoke. - He didnt use to smoke. eg:He used to play football after school. Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.2. 反意疑问句 前肯后否 eg：Lily is a student, isnt she? Lily will go to China, wont she? 前否后肯 eg:She doesnt come from China, does she?You havent finished homework, have you?提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isnt she?陈述句中含有否定意义的词little, few, never, nothing, hardly, not, no, seldom等。其反意疑问句用肯定式.eg :He knows little English, does he? They hardly understood it, did they?3. play the piano弹钢琴4. be interested in sth. 对感兴趣 be interested in doing sth. 对做感兴趣He is interested in math, but he isnt interested in speaking English. 5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物6. still 仍然，还 用在be动词的后面 eg：Im still a student. 用在行为动词的前面 eg：I still love him.7. in the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗8. 害怕 be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.9. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off. eg :with the light on 灯开着10. walk to someplace 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校11.spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间” spendon sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）= pay for 花费 spenddoing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事eg: He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spent 3 months building the bridge.他花了三个月去建这座桥。eg: I paid 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。 = The book cost me 10 yuan.12. take 动词, 有“花费”的意思 It takes sb. timeto do sth. eg：It took me a day to read the book yesterday.13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 eg：I like to chat with him. 14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词eg：Dont worry about him. 不用担心他。Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。15. all the time 一直、始终 = always 16. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 eg: His friend took him to the hospital.The teacher took me home. (home 前面不能用to)17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 I can hardly understand them. hardly ever 很少 I hardly ever have time to do it 18. miss v. 思念、想念、错过 eg: I miss my mother when I go to universityDont miss the early bus.19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内,常与完成时连用 eg: I have lived in China in the last few years. 20. be different from 与不同21. how to swim 怎样游泳 特殊疑问词+动词不定式常作宾语(what, which, how, where, when, why + to do sth. )eg: I dont know where to go. 我不知道去哪。22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh23. move to +地方 ,搬到某地 eg：I moved to Beijing last year.24. It seems that +从句 看起来好像eg: It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事She helped me with English.help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事eg: She helped me (to) study English。她帮助我学习英语。26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的a fifteen-year-old boyfifteen-year-olds 作名词,指15岁的人Fifteen-year-olds like to sing.fifteen years old 指年龄15岁 I am fifteen years old . 27.支付不起 cant /couldnt afford to do sth. cant / couldnt afford sth.eg：I cant/couldnt afford to buy the car. I cant/couldnt afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。28. as + 形容词./副词an/could.尽某人的能力 eg: Zhou ran as fast as she could. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。29. get into trouble with sb 与.发生冲突30. in the end 最后 = at last = finally31. make a decision 作决定, 下决心做.make a decision to do sth.32. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶To their surprise, I passed the exam this time .33. take pride in sth. 以而自豪= be proud of sth. His father always takes pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪34. pay attention to sth. 对注意，eg: You must pay attention to your pronunciation. Please pay attention to handing in your homework on time.35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 eg: She is able to do it.36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事eg：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。37.不再 no more = no longer eg：I play tennis no more/ longer. not any more = not any longereg: I dont play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。38. go to sleep 睡觉 =fall asleep 九年级英语Unit31.语态：英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。被动语态的构成:由“助动词be 及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化.时态被动语态结构例句一般现在时am are +过去分词is English is spoken by many people.一般过去时was +过去分词were+过去分词This bridge was built in 1989.情 态动 词can/should/mustmay+be+过去分词The work must be done right now.2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）eg：Mother allows me to watch TV every night. ,be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）eg：LiLy is allowed to go to Hongkong.3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞get/have sth. done(过去分词) 让/使（别人）做某事eg: I get my car repaired. =I have my car repaired. 4. enough 足够形容词enough eg：The room is beautiful enough. enough名词 eg：We have enough food to eat. enough to do sth. 足够去做eg：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop talking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事Please stop to talk. 6. 看起来好像sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +从句 He seems to feel very sad.= It seems that he feels very sad. 7. 常用的连系动词有：sound, look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。 eg：They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired.8. 倒装句: so助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词主语意为：也是一样She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是 She has finished the work. So have I . She will go to school. So will he.她将去学校，他也是。9. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中10. stay up 熬夜 eg：I often stay up until 12:00pm.11. clean up 打扫,整理eg：I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。12. 程度副词always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不 eg：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。13. 曾经everDo you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I havent.14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉eg：Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。16. take the test 参加考试pass the test 通过考试fail a test 考试失败17. the other day 前几天18. agree 同意 , 反义词 disagree不同意 动词 agreement 同意,反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词18. keep sb/ sth. 形容词 使某人/某物保持.eg：We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。19. bothand+动词复数形式eg： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) eg：Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 eg：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.22. at present 目前23. at least 最少 at most 最多24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay It takes sb. time to do sth. It took me 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) The book cost me 100yuan. sb. spend on sth. She spent 10 yuan on this book. sb. spend doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay for sth. She paid 10 yuan for this book.25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 eg：have 2 days off26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.27. agree with sth. 同意某事 eg：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 eg：I agree to LiLei.28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍eg：Her social life got in the way of her studies. 29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 30. think about 与think of 的区别 当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。 think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。 We are thinking about going to Hong Kong. 31. 对认真 be serious about doing eg：She is serious about dancing. be serious about sth eg：She is serious about him. 32. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practices speaking English.33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often cares about her son. 34 either也 用于否定句且用于句末. also 也 用于句中 too 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 eg: I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student , too. 我也是一个学生。I am not a student, either. 我也不是一个学生。九年级英语Unit41. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态,所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：句 型条件从句主 句谓语动词形式动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形 即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), (主句) 主语+would+动词原形 (过去将来时) eg：If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上没有人请我当电影演员)2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend +从句 假装 I pretended that I fell asleep. 3. be late for 迟到 eg: I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义 eg：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义 eg：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。5. still 仍然,还 用在be动词之后，行为动词之前 eg：I am still a student.我仍然是个学生 I still love him.我仍然爱他。6. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很多 eg：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树7. what if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 eg：What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？8. add sth. to sth. 添加到eg: I added some sugar to water.9. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张 feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好10. too +形/副+to do sth. 太而不能 eg：Im too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。11. help with sth. eg：They help with this problem. help sb. do. Sth. eg：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松12. in public 在公共场所 eg:Dont smoke in public. 13. energetic adj. 活力的 eg：She is an energetic girl. energy n. 活力 eg：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。14. ask sb. to do 叫做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 叫不要做某事 tell sb. to do 告诉做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉不要做某事eg: Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.15. start doing sth. = start to do sth. . 开始做某事 eg: He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 eg: I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。17.wait for sb.等某人 eg：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 eg: I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 eg: Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 eg：They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。22. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. eg：give an apple to me give sb. sth. give me an apple 23. get along with sb. 与相处 eg: Do you get along well with your friends? 24. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事 eg: I would rather walk than run. 25. the whole morning 整个上午 26. in fact 事实上 = actually27. let sb. down 让某人失望 eg：Dont let your mother down.28. come up with sth. 提出 想出 eg：He came up with a good idea. catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 eg： Lily caught up with Anna. 29. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 Eg: I have experience teaching Chinese. 30. come out 出版，出来 eg：The magazine comes out once a week. 31. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 eg: Last week I cut my finger by accident. 32. hurry to do 匆忙做某事 eg: I hurry to call the police.33. more than 超过 = over + 数词34. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物九年级英语Unit5现在完成时态由have/ has 过去分词表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用eg: Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？Yes, I have. I have just finished it. 是的。我刚刚完成了。I have already finished it . 我已经完成了。eg: Have you ever been to China? 你曾经去过中国吗？No, I have never been there. 没有，我从来也没有去过。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点,过去式从句， 以及how long ）注：非延续性动词在现在完成时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用,应转为相应的延续性动词 eg：buy- have die- be dead join - be in borrow- keep leave- be away eg: I have bought a pen.- I have had a pen for 2 weeks.The dog has died.- The dog has been dead since last week.have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来have been in + 地点 一直呆在某地 没有离开过 eg: She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来)She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , cant表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断. must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性) may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%80%的可能性) cant 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零)eg: The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it. The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because he likes listening to pop music. The hair band cant be Bobs. After all, he is boy!2. whose 谁的, 疑问词作定语, 后面接名词eg：Whose book is this? This is Lilys.3. belong to sb. 属于某人 eg:That English book belongs to me.4. 当play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词theeg: play the guitar play the piano play the violin当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词eg: play football play basketball play baseball5. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时eg：If you dont hurry up, youll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到6. if you have any idea= if you know 如果你知道7. on 关于（学术，科目）8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事eg：I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。9. because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 because +从句 eg: I do it because I like it. I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。10. own v.owner n. listen v.listener n. learn v.learner n.11. catch a bus 赶公车12. neighbor 邻居 , 指人 neighborhood 邻居, 指地区也可指附近地区的人13. local 当地的 eg：local teacher 当地的教师14. noise n. 噪音,是个可数名词 noises 15. call the police 报警 eg：Quick! Call the police! 快！叫警察！16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面17. there be sb./ sth. doing eg：There is a cat eating fish. There must be something visiting our home.18. escape from 从哪里逃跑出来eg：He escaped from the burning building. 19. an ocean of + 名词 , 极多的，用不尽的 eg：an ocean of energy.20. unhappy 不高兴的, 反义词 happy 高兴的 21. final adj. 最后的 , finally adv. 最后地22. dishonest 不诚实的, 反义词 honest 诚实的。23. get on 上车 get off 下车24. use up 用光、用完 eg：They have used up all the money. 25. attempt to do 试图 eg：The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。26. wake 动词,唤醒 常用的词组：wake up 意为醒来eg：Please wake me up at 8 oclock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。27. look for 寻找, 指动作find 找, 指结果eg：I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的动作）I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果）28. hear 听见, 指听的结果listen to sb. / sth. 听 , 指听的过程eg：Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的过程）29. try ones best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事eg：He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。30. 名词所有格 , 名词所有格的构成有两种形式是在名词后面加 s 或是以s结尾 的名词，只在名词的后面加 eg：Anns book安的书, our teachers office我们老师们的办公室注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加s, eg：Lily and Lucys father 莉莉和露西的爸爸有of 介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格 eg：a picture of my family 我家人的相片有时也有s表示无生命的东西的所有格eg：todays newspaper, the citys name 九年级英语Unit 61. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 eg:I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。 prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 eg:I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。 prefer sth to sth. 同相比更喜欢 eg:I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。 prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事eg:I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。2. along with 伴随 同 一道 eg: I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。 I sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。3. dance to sth. 随着跳舞 eg:She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。4. different kinds of 各种各样di