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word牛津初中英语8B unit1unit4知识点归纳Unit1一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. the changes to Sunshine Town镇的变化the changes to 的变化 (p8)知识change n.变化，常用复数changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995.2. in the southern part of town in the southern part of在的南部south southern知识east东部eastern东部的, west western, north northern3. in the past在过去at present现在in the future未来；将来4. turn the place into a park turninto把变成5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋6. water pollution水污染air pollution空气污染，noise pollution噪音污染 (p9)7.used to do sth(过去常常)否认式used not to do sth或didnt use to do sth疑问式Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth?There be和used to合用的形式为There used to be用法拓展be used to do sthbe used for doing sth被用于做某事e.g. Stamps are used to send letters.Stamps are used for sending letters. be/bee/get used to sth习惯于某事，be/bee/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事，e.g. My grandma used to live in the city but now she has got used to the country life. Tom is used to getting up early.8. in some ways在某种程度上；在某些方面in this way以这种方式9. feel a bit lonely from time to time from time to timeat timessometimes有时；不时地知识a bit形容词原级或比拟级a little形容词原级或比拟级，有点a bit of不可数名词a little不可数名词 e.g. a bit of watera little water用法拓展not a littlevery非常，not a bitnotat all一点也不10. throw away扔掉“动词副词结构，e.g. throw it/them away11. have an interview with sbinterview sb采访某人；对某人面试；与某人面谈 (p12)知识My parents have had an interview with my teacher. They interviewed 20 people for the job. There are a number of interviews with some famous football players.12. the best model I have ever seen 我曾见过的最好的模型 (p17)知识the形容词最高级名词单数sb have/has ever done，某人曾做过的最的 the most wonderful film (that) he has ever watched他看过的最精彩的比赛用法拓展ever通常用于疑问句中或否认句中。e.g. Have/Has sb ever done sth? Nobody ever stepped in this cavern.没人曾经踏进过这洞穴。ever since自从起到现在(用于现在完成时)，for everforever永远；永久地13. move into the new flatsmove into搬进，move out of搬出 (p18)14. lend me a booklend sb sthlend sth to sb把某物借给某人，是“借出。知识borrow sth from sb向某人借某物，是“借入。15. a recent photo一近期照片16. centuryone hundred years世纪；百年。某世纪用序数词。如：21世纪the twenty-first century。“在某世纪用介词in，如：in the 20th century在20世纪。17. We lived till 1965, when I got married. get married结婚get/be married to sb与某人结婚知识marry sb与某人结婚，e.g. She married a football player. marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人，e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. get/be married to sb和某人结婚，e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. 表示“已经结婚用have/has got married，表示“已经结婚多久用have/has been married for时间段或since时间点。e.g. They have got married. They have been married for 5 years.不能说成They have got married for 5 years.用法拓展e.g. They will celebrate their fifty years of marriage next month.18. Has Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years? change a lot变化大知识over the yearsin the last/past years这些年来，这是现在完成时的一个标志。19. There once was a shoe factory. There once was/wereOnce there was/were从前有。20. It is different for him to see some of them as often as before. (p12)知识It isadj.for sb to do sth. as often as before像以前一样经常asas21. Things have changed a lot over the years.Great changes have taken place over the years. 22. When I was in primary school, my mother took me to school. take sb to school送某人上学23. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. (p22)知识bring advantages to 给带来好处，advantage优点；有利条件disvantage缺点；不利条件 cause problems for给带来麻烦Unit2一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. go on a trip to South Hill go on a trip to去某地旅游 (p24)2. take you out for a few days带你出去玩几天take sb out带某人出去3. go hiking, go skiing gov-ing去做某事，see/enjoy the beautiful view观看/欣赏美景 (p25)4. a symbol of Japan the symbol of的象征，e.g. Red is the symbol of danger.红色是危险的象征。5. have a really fantastic timehave a good/great/wonderful timehave funenjoy oneself (p26)6. at the entrance在入口处 at the exit在出口处7. move at high speed高速运转at a speed of以的速度，at a speed of 100 km an hour8. scream and laugh through the whole ride through从物体的部穿过9. a fast food restaurant快餐店fast food快餐，国际著名快餐店：KFC肯德基，McDonalds麦当劳10. clap and stream with joy高兴地拍手尖叫 介词短语with joy相当于副词修饰动词。 (p27)11. watch a three-D film，watch fireworks, look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks12. in all总共；共计first of all首先13. scream with excitement兴奋地尖叫 with excitementexcitedly激动地；兴奋地 (p28)知识exciteexcited兴奋的exciting令人兴奋的；扣人心弦的；刺激的excitement n.激动，兴奋with excitementexcitedly，be excited about (doing) sth对兴奋14. a really delightful holiday and a meaningful experience一个高兴的假期、一次有意义的经历知识experience n.(C)经历；e.g. He had a pleasant experience in Hong Kong last year.n.(U)经验experienced adj.经验丰富的，have experience in (doing) sthbe experienced in (doing) sth在某方面有经验，e.g. He has experience in teaching English.He is experienced in teaching English. Dr Ma has much experience in eye operations.Dr Ma is experienced in eye operations. Chow Yun Fat is an experienced actor. He has acted in many action films.15. buy a gift for my parents buy sth for sbbuy sb sth (gift比present高雅) (p33)16. travel abroad到国外旅游go abroad出国，e.g. He has gone abroad for further studies. (p35)17. during this May Day holiday在“五一假期里during是介词，后面不能接句子。18. three and a half hours三个半小时one/an hour一小时，half an hour半小时one and a half hours一个半小时，two and a half hours两个半小时 (p38)19. have a birds-eye view of Hong Kong have a birds-view of鸟瞰；俯视20. a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening高楼林立、灯火辉煌的现代化城市 with lights shining作后置定语，lights与shining是主动关系。用法拓展He sleeps with windows closed. 21. the cultural centre of Hong Kong某某的文化中心the cultural centre文化中心知识culture n.文化cultural adj.文化的 e.g. popular culture大众文化 Venice is a beautiful city full of culture and history.威尼斯是一座具有深厚文化和历史底蕴的美丽城市。用法拓展nature natural, centrecentral22. a good place to buy things，enjoy that day most, have great fun，a seafood restaurant, desserts and snacks，enjoy our trip to Hong Kong词汇解析1. popular tourist attractions(旅游胜地)：Mount Fuji富士山，the Great Wall，the Leaning Tower of Pisa比萨斜塔，the Little Mermaid小美人鱼，the Statue of Liberty自由女神像，the Tower Bridge伦敦塔桥，Big Ben大本钟，the Grand Palace(泰国)大王宫，the Pattaya Beach(泰国)芭堤雅海滩，Ocean Park(某某)海洋公园，Window of the World()世界之窗。 (p25)2. Hong Kong Disneyland(某某迪士尼乐园)的四大主题公园(theme park)：Main Street USA(美国小镇大街)，Tomorrowland(明日世界)，Fantasyland(幻想世界)，Adventureland(探险世界)。3.cheerfulcheerless, colourfulcolourless, carefulcareless, hopefulhopelessmeaningfulmeaningless, helpfulhelpless, harmfulharmless, usefuluseless delightful, wonderful, successful endless, noiselessquiet二.【重点句型】1. It must be fun. Can I join you?一定很有趣。我能和你一起去吗？(p24)知识情态动词must(表示推测)一定，用于肯定句，反义词：cant不可能。may可能，may not可能不。Probably, Perhaps, Maybe都是副词，通常用于句首。join sb和某人一起做某事，e.g. Kitty joined them in the Disney parade.2. I havent seen you since last month. see是瞬间动词 (p26)知识瞬间动词与表示一段时间的词同时出现在现在完成时的否认句中，不能变为延续性动词。3. I met many of my favourite Disney characters, such as Sleeping Beauty, Snow White, Alice and Cinderella, Mickey Mouse and all his friends were all there too. 4. I couldnt stop taking photos with them. cant/couldnt stop doing sth禁不住做某事知识cant/couldnt help doing sth禁不住做某事，cant/couldnt wait to do sth迫不与待做某事。用法拓展stop doing sth停止做某事，stop to do sth停下来去做某事。5. The performers all wore different costumes and waved to people while they marched across the park, singing and dancing all the way. all the way一路上 (p27)知识wave to sb向某人招手/挥手wave n.波；波浪 march across迈步穿越singing and dancing all the way是现在分词短语，作伴随状态。6. Im sure youll love it.你一定会喜欢的。Im sure that sb will do sth.Sb is sure to do sth.知识Im sure that he will win the match.He is sure to win the match.7. The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless. We thought it was hopeless to wait in the line.太空山外人们排的队伍不见尽头。我们原以为排不上队了。 (p30)知识endless无尽的；无休止的，e.g. endless love We have endless homework to do.wait in the line排队等候 Sb thoughtthat从句，某人原以为。8. Im watching an interesting TV programme. It started at 7 p.m. and has been on for haf an hour.知识be onbe shown放映 be on show展出, e.g. Many old things are on show in the museum. When we reached the cinema yesterday, the film had been on/shown for 5 minutes.9. She must be happy now, isntshe? She must be happy yesterday, wasntshe ? (p33)知识must一定，表示推测时，反意疑问句中的附加疑问局部应以时间状语为准。10. Spring is the best time for visiting Chinese garden. Chinese garden中国园林 (p35)知识the best time for doing sththe best time to do sth做某事的最优时节 e.g.Autumn is the best time for visiting the Fragrant Hill.Autumn is the best time to visit the Fragrant Hill.11. Do you have any ideas about what to do for May Day holiday? 12. By the way, how long does it take to fly to Singapore? Sorry, I dont know, but I can check it for you. by the way顺便问一下，check sth for sb替某人核实某事知识It takes sb some time to do sth. How long does it take sb to do sth?13. The day of our trip to Hong Kong finally arrived. My parents and I were excited about this special trip because we all wanted to visit Disneyland and take photos withthe cute cartoon characters. the day of ones trip to某人去某地旅行的那一天 (p38)知识be excited about (doing) sth对(做)某事感到兴奋 take photos拍照，take photos with 和拍照 cutelovely可爱的14. The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.某某的天气与不同。知识在asas, not as/soas, the same as, be different from或形容词、副词的比拟等级结构中，当主语为不可数名词时，后者用that代替。当主语是名词复数时，后者用those代替。e.g. Usually the pollution in big cities is much more serious than that in the countries. There are more books in our library than those in theirs.15. I hope I can visit there again some day. I hopethat引导的一般将来时或can从句。知识some dayone day有朝一日；(将来的)一天。one day还表示过去的“某一天。16. I left a book at Millies home. leave sth地点，把某物忘在某处；forget忘记某事。知识The forgetful man often leaves his bag on buses. Why werent you at the meeting? Sorry, I forgot.Unit3一.【精选词汇】重点短语1. I have no idea.Ive no idea.I dont know.我不知道。 (p40)2. turn on the TV turn on/off打开/关闭，turn up/down调大/调低；都是“动词副词。3. change the channel换台on Channel在台，e.g. on CCTV-5拓展：the English Channel英吉利海峡4. different uses of puters计算机的不同用途：draw and design, play puter games, search for information, send and receive s收发电子, do word processing进展文字处理, write puter programs编写计算机程序 (p41)5. travel around the world in eight hours八小时环游地球，educational CD-ROM教育软件 (p42)6. e out (书等)出版，发行，发表，不能用于被动语态，可以转化为be published。知识When will her new novel e out?When will her new novel be published?用法拓展(太阳、月亮或星星)出现；露出，e.g. The rained stopped and the sun came out. (花朵)开放；(草)出芽，e.g. In March flowers and grass e out.7. learn English and geography at the same time同时学英语和地理at the same time同时知识learn and play at the same time边学边玩8. the main character主角play the main character ofplay the lead role of知识play the role扮演，the best actor最优男主角，the best actress最优女主角9. have/get itchy feet渴望旅行，e.g. She has gone to Australiashe has always had itchy feet.10. help you learn English by testing your knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary (p43)知识by介词，通过某种方法、手段，后接名词或动词-ing。He made a living by selling flowers. You can know more about the news by reading todays newspaper.have a knowledge of有某方面的知识，e.g. He has a wide knowledge of painting.他在绘画方面知识渊博。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。11. one of the best on the market市面上最畅销的一种12. choose one icon in the menu在菜单里选择一个图标，click on it for more details点击它以了解详情click on点击，left double-click on左键双击13. open my new e-dictionary on my puter打开我电脑上的新电子词典(p48)知识“打开电脑的软件用open不用turn on。用法拓展英汉词典an English-Chinese dictionary，汉英词典a Chinese-English dictionary查字典：look up a word in a dictionary或look a word up in a dictionary14. restart the puter重新启动电脑 start vt.启动；开始 restart重新启动知识re局部动词再，e.g. rebuild重建，reuse循环使用，retell复述用法拓展set offstart off出发；动身，set about doing sth开始做某事，着手做某事15. check the settings检查设置，double-click on the “auto-run icon双击“自动运行图标，double-click on the icon for “Tour double-click on theicondouble-click on the icon for双击图标，put in the CD-ROM插入光盘16. connect the keyboard to the puter properly正确地连接键盘和电脑知识connect A to B连接A和B be connected to与连接 proper adj.正确的properly17. grow an inch长一英寸，grow to six feet long长到六英尺长 A foot is equal to 12 inches.18. daily Englisheveryday English日常英语daily newspaper日报，Xinhua Daily新华日报19. go on short tours of Australia and New Zealand去澳大利亚和新西兰短期旅行 (p52)20. be hidden in somewhere in the Arctic被藏在北极的某个地方be hidden地点，被藏在21. the treasure box百宝箱treasure hunt寻宝 (p55)词汇解析1. online adj.联网的；在线的e.g. chat online网上聊天，order a package online网上订购一套2. reach vt.到达get toarrive at/in 达到，e.g. reach 18 years old年满18岁 The child isnt tall enough to reach the snacks on the table. reach out a hand伸出一只手3. correctly adv.正确地correct adj.正确的incorrectincorrectly vt.改正；修正，e.g. correct a mistake改正错误 correct正确的wrong错误的，in the correct order按正确顺序4. educate v.教育education n.教育educational adj.教育的，e.g. educate oneself自修；培养 be educated at school在学校里受教育 have a good education受到良好教育5. knowledge n.知识know vt.知道be known to sb为某人所知，be well known/famous for因而知名，be known as作为而知名，e.g. Samuel Clemens, who was known as Mark Twain, was a famous American writer. 塞缪斯克莱门斯，以马克吐温知名，是美国名作家。6. point n.分数 e.g. get 100 points得100分 n.小数点 e.g. 1.732读作one point seven three two v.指 e.g. point out指出，point at/to指向7. regards(用于信函的结尾或转达问候)致意；问候regard sb as把某人视为8. pany简写作Co.，e.g pany limitedCo., Ltd。producer制作人；制造商。9. 使用计算机Office word常用短语：create a file创建文档，keep/save the file for future use保存该文档以备用。“收发电子send and receive s需要“电子信箱 address。10. control n.(键盘上的)控制键 vt.控制 e.g. The traffic lights are controlled by a central puter.交通信号灯由中心计算机控制。This knob controls the volume.此旋钮调节音量。二.【重点句型】1. What do you use your puter for? I usually use it to search for information. (p41)知识Whatfor?Why?为什么? e.g. What did you do that for?Why did you do that?2. It sounds interesting, doesnt it? “述句附加疑问？构成反意疑问句。 (p42)附加疑问即“助动词或助动词的否认式缩写主语或there；附加疑问局部的助动词必须与述句保持一致，主语必须是人称代词或there，并与述句主语的单复数保持一致。前肯定后否认；前否认后肯定。尤其要注意“前否认后肯定答语的英汉差异。反意疑问句的答语为“Yes, 主语助动词.或“No, 主语助动词的否认式。 e.g. Simon didnt take part in the football match, did he? Yes, he did. Though he wasnt feeling well. 西蒙没有参加足球赛，是吗？不，他参加了。尽管他当时不舒服。3. One day, he was lying on the grass and looking at the beautiful blue sky, when he fell asleep and had a very strange dream.一天，他躺在草地上，看着美丽的蓝天，不知不觉间睡着了，并做了个奇怪的梦。lie 躺lieslyinglaylain 说谎lieslyingliedlied 位于lieslyingliedlied知识lie意思是“躺，常用于lie down躺下，find sb/sth lying地点 She found a purse lying on the ground. I found a homeless man lying at the street corner. fall asleep睡着，e.g. He fell asleep when he was watching TV. have/dream adream做了一个的梦，e.g. have/dream a strange dream用法拓展lie 说谎，e.g. You could see from his face that he was lying. tell a lie说谎位于，e.g. Jiangsu lies in the east of China.4. See those big clouds of different colours with questions on them? You get a pointevery time you answer a question correctly. every time述句，每当，引导时间状语从句。知识get a point得一分，answer a question correctly答对一题5. When you have got enough points, a cloud will e down and carry you off to a place you have never visited before. you have never visited before是省略关系代词that/which的定语从句。知识have got enough points获得足够的点数，carry you off to把你带到6. Are you ready? Lets go！准备好了吗？出发！7. For example, when you reach London, you will learn about the Museum of London and many other interesting places. learn about了解 many other名词复数，其他许多 (p43)8. Every time you pass a level, you will see a map of the world. pass a level过一关知识Every time述句，每当 a map of the world世界地图 a map of China9. The places you have visitedare marked in bright purple. 你到过的地方都标上了明亮的紫色。10. Get it now before it is sold out. sell out售完，be sold out被售完，sell well好卖(不用被动)知识Have you got a size M? Sorry, they are all sold out. They sell well.11. Ive bought many educational CD-ROMs before, but Ive found none of them to be any good.知识find none of them to be any good没发现一个好的12. How can your teacher read your homeworkon the puter? I can send him s or print it out. read your homework批阅作业，send sb s给某人发电子 (p46)知识on the puter在电脑上，on the screen，on TV，on the Internet(在因特网上)13. Do you have a new printer, too? Yes, and it prints very quickly. 该句的print不用被动。14. My new puter is much faster than the old one. I can type very easily, and the keyboard is very fortable. 15. Weve got many kinds of personal puters. This green one is called Kiwi, and it is designed especially for students. personal puter个人电脑，简写作PC。 (p48)知识Kiwi (informal)a person from New Zealand新西兰人几维鸟，新西兰鸟，喙长、翼短、无尾、不能飞kiwi fruit猕猴桃；奇异果 be designed especially for students特别为学生而设计16. Is it used widely? Of course, very widely in Beijing. be widely used被广泛使用知识English is widely used as the second language in many countries. (be widely as被广泛用作)17. When a total of ten questions are answered incorrectly, the princess will bee bald. (p51)知识total n.总数，总和e.g. You got 47 points on the written exam and 18 on the oral, making a total of 65.你笔试得了47分，口试得了18分，总分65分。Out of a total of 15 games, they only won 2.在总共15场比赛中，他们只胜了2场。bee bald秃顶bee形容词18. The questions get more difficultas you go to higher levels.当你到更高的级别，问题就更难了。知识as连词，当时，随着。e.g. The air will get fresher as you reach the top of the mountain.19. She will help you when necessary.必要时她会帮助你。if necessary如果有必要 (p52)20. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and shopping and money. 这一课程涉与许多主题，包括旅游、饭店、购物和钱币。 (p53)知识coverinclude包括；涉与 including介词，包括在，e.g. His talk covered/included the history between the two World Wars. The package includes/covers a book and two CD-ROMs. There were ten students left in the classroom, including Tom.21. Can you show me how to start this online tour of Australia, please? 你能告诉我如何开启这个澳大利亚的在线之旅吗？ how to start是“疑问词动词不定式。22. Do you mind telling me how to use this function?你介不介意告诉如何使用这个功能？知识mind介意，表示请求允许或客气地请人做事。注意以下两种表达的不同：Do/Would you mind my/me doing sth?或Do/Would you mind if I do sth?你介意我做某事吗？表示请求对方的允许，答语为Of course not. Certainly not.或Youd better not. Better not.Do/Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事吗？表示客气地请人做事。Do you mind my opening the window?Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗户好吗？Would you mind explaining that again, please?请你再解释一遍行吗？ 请做题Would you mind ? Im feeling too tired. Of course not. Let me do it.A. to drive B. my drive C. driving D. my driving23. Just double-click on the “Pencil icon. A worksheet has just appeared on the screen.知识appear是不与物动词，不能用于被动语态。appear出现disappear消失sheet n.床单e.g. change the sheet换床单 一(通常指标准尺寸的纸) e.g. 500 sheets24. In which countries is the game sold? 这个游戏在哪些国家销售？ (p55)知识In which countries不能去掉介词in，e.g. Which city did you go to last summer?25. The goal of the game is to travel around the world to learn the history of each place and use this knowledge to open the treasure box. 当主语是goal等时，用动词不定式be to do作表语。三.【语法详解】被动语态英语中的语态主动语态和被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They built a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge
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