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1、语序语序(order of speech) 2、易混连词用法比较易混连词用法比较(comparison of easily-confusing conj.) 3、时态时态(tense) 4、语气语气(mood) 5、形式作用的形式作用的it 6、插入语插入语(parenthetical statement) 7、与相关句式的比较与相关句式的比较(comparison of related sentence patterns)Tell the type of each Noun Clouse: SC（主语从句主语从句）、）、OC（宾语从句宾语从句）、）、PC（表语从句表语从句）、）、AC（同位语从句同位语从句）1. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.2. It is certain that things will change.3. They are careful about what they eat and exercise regularly.4. We cannot be sure whether our dreams will come true, but we can at least be hopeful that our efforts to improve the world will be successful.5.The discussion topic for today is what schools will be like in the future.6. It looks as if they are very excited at the news.7. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 名词性从句的名词性从句的 认识认识PCSCPCACOCSCOC找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一规律一：名词性从句中须使用名词性从句中须使用陈述语序陈述语序！考点精析考点精析 1 1、语序、语序(order of speech)(order of speech)考点精析考点精析 1 1、语序、语序 PRACTICEPRACTICE 1. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom2. These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost3. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is B BCD找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.2. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.3. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.4. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not.规律二规律二： 5种情况只能用种情况只能用whether ：（1 1）位于句子开头；位于句子开头； （2 2）前面有介词；（）前面有介词；（3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句； （4 4）与）与or notor not连用连用(书书) )； （5 5）引导同位语从句）引导同位语从句考点精析考点精析 2 2、易混连词用法比较易混连词用法比较 whether whether与与if if1.We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that 2. _ (他是否出过国) doesnt make much difference. (he, abroad)3. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where考点精析考点精析 2 2 、易混连词用法比较、易混连词用法比较 WHETHER WHETHER与与IF IF PRACTICEPRACTICEKey: Whether he has been abroad or notc cb b找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. I had no idea what he had changed his mind.2. That we cant get seems better than that we have.3. The police were called in to find out that caused the big fire.4. That you have done might do harm to other people. thatWhat , what whatWhat 规律三：规律三： （1 1） that : 无意义，不充当成分，无意义，不充当成分， and/ or/ but/ 并列连词引导的多个宾语从句中的并列连词引导的多个宾语从句中的that, 第一个可省略，第二个第一个可省略，第二个及以后的均不可省略。及以后的均不可省略。 （2 2） what ：有意义（有意义（ “所所 的，的，的的”），表示特），表示特指概念；充当成分（主、宾、表、定）；不可省略。指概念；充当成分（主、宾、表、定）；不可省略。考点精析考点精析 2 2、易混连词用法比较、易混连词用法比较 (2) what(2) what与与thatthat 考点精析 2、易混连词用法比较 (2) what与that practice1.(07上海春招上海春招) By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of _ you read. A. that B. what C. which D. whether2.(07陕西陕西)_ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. That B. Which C. What D. As3.(05广东广东) Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether4.(06四川四川) -Its thirty years since we last met. - But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. whenB BB BC CB B找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. Whoever will speak at the meeting has not been decided yet.2. Who breaks the law shall be punished.3. Go and find out whatever the child wants.4. He will give his daughter what she wants. Who Whoever whatwhatever 规律四：规律四：（1 1） what 类词类词(who/ which/ whom/ when/ where/ how): 有有疑问疑问意义，表示意义，表示特指特指概念概念, 充当成分。充当成分。 （2 2） whatever类词类词 (whoever/ whichever/ whomever/ whenever/ wherever): 有意义，有意义，“凡是凡是 的，无论的，无论的，所有的，所有的的”），），无无疑问意义，疑问意义，表示表示泛指泛指概念；充当成分。相当于概念；充当成分。相当于anyone who, anything that, any one that/ who, any time when, any place where.考点精析考点精析 2 2 、易混连词用法比较易混连词用法比较 (3) what(3) what类词与类词与whateverwhatever类词类词1._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever2. - Could you do me a favour? - It depends on _ it is. A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever3. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 4. Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever考点精析考点精析 2 2 、易混连词用法比较、易混连词用法比较 (3) what(3) what类词与类词与whateverwhatever类词类词 practicec cc cA AA A判断下列句子是否错误，并总结出规律判断下列句子是否错误，并总结出规律：1. Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.2. Whoever you are, you must observe the law.3. No matter what you do, you must do it well.4. No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 规律五：规律五：（1 1） no matter what 类词类词(who/ which/ whom/ when/ where/ how): 只能只能引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句，不能不能引导名词性从句与引导名词性从句与whatever类词互换。类词互换。 （2 2） whatever类词类词 (whoever/ whichever/ whomever/ whenever/ wherever)(除除however外外):既可以既可以引导名词性从句，引导名词性从句，又可又可引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时，能与引导让步状语从句时，能与no matter what类词互换。类词互换。 （3） however只能只能引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句。 Whatever whoever 考点精析考点精析 2 2易混连词用法比较易混连词用法比较 (4) no matter what(4) no matter what类词与类词与whateverwhatever类词类词 考点精析考点精析 2 2易混连词用法比较易混连词用法比较 (4) no matter what(4) no matter what类词与类词与whateverwhatever类词类词 1.(07山东山东) Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who2. (06山东山东) _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever3. (05浙江浙江) The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever 4. (05天津天津)He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. althoughc cd db ba a判断下列句子是否错误，并总结出规律判断下列句子是否错误，并总结出规律：1. What he spoke yesterday is worth talking about now.2. I have known when he will go abroad for his further study.3. I know that he is playing computer games in his room.4. We will tell you tomorrow what they were doing at 8:00 yesterday. 规律六：规律六：若主句是现在或将来时若主句是现在或将来时, ,从句的时态根据实际，从句的时态根据实际， 用所需要的时态用所需要的时态( (各种时态形式各种时态形式) )，不受主句时态的限制。，不受主句时态的限制。考点精析考点精析 3 3 、时态、时态 (1) (1) 主句是现在或将来时主句是现在或将来时判断下列句子是否错误，并总结出规律判断下列句子是否错误，并总结出规律：1. He said that he had done his homework before watching TV .2. I was reading a novel when someone rang the doorbell.3. Man knew 900 years ago that the earth goes around the sun.4. We told you what they would do at 8:00 tomorrow. 规律七：规律七：（1） 若主句是过去时若主句是过去时, ,名词性从句的时态根据实际，名词性从句的时态根据实际， 用过去的某种时态形式，受主句时态的限制。用过去的某种时态形式，受主句时态的限制。 （2 2）若主句是过去时若主句是过去时, 名词性从句若是真理或客观事实，名词性从句若是真理或客观事实， 则从句时态仍用一般现在时态。则从句时态仍用一般现在时态。 考点精析考点精析 3 3 、时态、时态 (2) (2) 主句是过去时主句是过去时判断下列句子是否错误，并总结出规律判断下列句子是否错误，并总结出规律：1. He wishes that he could fly in the sky just like a free bird.2. It is the first/ second time that he has been to Chain.3. It is (high) time that we had our class now.4. It is / has been 10 years since he left his home. 规律八：规律八： （1） 若主句动词是若主句动词是wish,wish,名词性名词性从句从句的时态必须用的时态必须用过去的某一种时态过去的某一种时态， 不用现在的某种时态形式，也不用一般将来时。不用现在的某种时态形式，也不用一般将来时。 （2 2）若主句为若主句为It is (high) time that时，时，从句从句 用用一般过去时，或用一般过去时，或用 “should + 动词原形动词原形”。 （3）若主句为）若主句为It is / has been 10 years since ,则则从句从句用用一般过去时态一般过去时态。 （4）若主句为若主句为It is the first/ second time that, ,则则从句从句用用现在完成时态现在完成时态。 考点精析考点精析 3 3 、时态、时态 (3) (3) 主句是特殊句式主句是特殊句式 考点精析考点精析 3 3 、时态、时态 practice1.(05 北京北京) As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come2. (05 江西江西) -Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. -Oh! I thought they _ without me. A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone3. (07四川四川) When you get the paper back, pay attention to what _ . A. have marked B. have been marked C. had marked D. had been marked 4. (07天津天津)If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology. A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered d dd db ba a找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.2. My suggestion is that we must do our homework first.3. His suggestion that we went there on foot is acceptable.We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My suggestion is that we (should) do our homework first.His suggestion that we (should) go there on foot规律九：规律九：注意虚拟语气的使用！注意虚拟语气的使用！( (主、宾、表、同主、宾、表、同) )考点精析考点精析 4 4、语气、语气(mood)(mood)虚拟语气用虚拟语气用SHOULDSHOULD的情况的情况1. 动词：动词：一个坚持( insist); 两个命令( order, command); 三项要求(demand, require, request);四条建议(suggest, propose, advise, recommend) 后接that宾语从句中，it + be + v.ed + that 的主语从句中2. 以上动词的名词名词 (insistence, order, command, demand, requirement, request, suggestion, proposal, advice, recommendation )所接的同位语从句及表语从句中 妙法巧妙法巧计计: “I drop cars”: “I drop cars”3. 在 “It + adj.( important, natural, necessary, strange, urgent, essential) + that 主语从句”中4. 在 “It is (about/ high) time + that 主语从句”中 1.(05江苏) -Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? -I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what2.Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has考点精析考点精析 4 4、语气、语气(MOOD) PRACTICE(MOOD) PRACTICE BB找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.ititthatwhether规律十：规律十：主语从句和宾语从句主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况在适当的情况 下下可以借助可以借助 “ “it” it” 而后置。而后置。考点精析考点精析 5 5 、形式作用的、形式作用的it-it-代替主语或宾语从句代替主语或宾语从句 主语从句和宾语从句主语从句和宾语从句借助借助 “ “IT”IT”后置后置的的“适当情况适当情况”1、It is / was necessary / important /clear /certain / that/ wh-;2.It seems/ed / happens/ed / appears/ed / makes no difference / doesnt matter that/ wh-;3、It is / was said/ reported/ announced/ suggested/ ordered/expected/ decided/ that / wh-; 4、It is no wonder/ an honor/ a pleasure/ a pity/ no surprise that/ wh-; 宾语从句在以下句型中宾语从句在以下句型中: :1、主语主语 + vt.（find/ feel/ think/ consider/ make/ believe/ consider/ ） + it + 宾补宾补+ that/ wh- ; 2、主语主语 + vt.（love / like/ hate/ appreciate/ ） + it + that/ wh- ; 1.(07天津天津) He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these 2.(05上海春招上海春招) Our club is open to adults only. _ your children have entered without permission. A. There seems that B. It seems to be C. There seems to be D. It seems that 3.(04全国全国) I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one考点精析考点精析 5 5 、形式作用的、形式作用的IT-IT-代替主语或宾语从句代替主语或宾语从句 PRACTICEPRACTICE C CD DC C分析下列句子中的分析下列句子中的插入语插入语及及分割现象分割现象，并总结出，并总结出规律：规律：1. - What did your parents think about your decision? - They always let me do _ I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what 2. (05福建福建) Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday? A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got考点精析考点精析 6 6、插入语及分割现象、插入语及分割现象D Dc c规律十一：规律十一： （1 1）在陈述句中（含分割现象）在陈述句中（含分割现象）: : 暂时忽略插入暂时忽略插入语，不受其干扰；或还原为正常语序。语，不受其干扰；或还原为正常语序。（2 2）在疑问句中）在疑问句中: :正常语正常语序是：序是：“特殊疑问词开头特殊疑问词开头 + + 插入语插入语 (do you think/ believe/ guess/ (do you think/ believe/ guess/ suppose/ say /suggest/ / are you sure) + suppose/ say /suggest/ / are you sure) + 陈述语序？陈述语序？”考点精析考点精析 6 6、插入语插入语及及分割现象分割现象1. (05浙江浙江) Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which2. (06 重庆重庆) Nobody believe his reason for being absent from class _ he had to met his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where D. because3. (06全国全国) Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. A. where B. when C. how D. whatb bb bb b规律十二：规律十二： 去掉去掉it is /was that it is /was that 后，下余内容所构成的后，下余内容所构成的句句子成分完整子成分完整 时，该结构即时，该结构即为强调句型为强调句型。考点精析考点精析 7 7 、与相关句式的比较 (1) 与强调句型it is/ was that比较分析下列句子中的分析下列句子中的强调句型，并总结出规律：，并总结出规律：1. (07上海春上海春) It is imagination _ makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality. A. where B. what C. that D. when 2. (07重庆重庆) It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. A. which B. it C. that D. this3. (06辽宁辽宁) It was after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important. A. that B. when C. since D. as4. (05 天津天津) It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. A. that B. what C. which D. this5. (04全国全国) It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply. A. since B. when C. as D. thatc cc cD DAA A（活力和生气活力和生气）考点精析考点精析 7 7 、与相关句式的比较 (2) 与定语从句 分析下列句子中的分析下列句子中的从句 ，并总结出规律：，并总结出规律：1. (06上海春上海春) Doris success lies in the fact _ she is cooperative and eager to learn from other. A. which B. that C. when D. why2. (04上海上海) A story goes _ Elizabeth of English liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that3. (07江西江西) After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where4. (07 福建福建) The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. A. when B. which C. that D. where5. (05安徽安徽) Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; thatB Bc cD DDA A。规律十三：规律十三： (1)(1)名词性从句名词性从句: : a.a.只有同位语从句只有同位语从句前有先行词；前有先行词； b.b.该先行词多为该先行词多为抽象意义抽象意义的名词；的名词； c. 先行词先行词在从句中在从句中不充当任何成分不充当任何成分； d.d.连词和从句所表达的意义连词和从句所表达的意义是先行词的是先行词的具体内容具体内容。 (2) (2)定语从句定语从句: : a.a.前前必须必须有有先行词；先行词； b.b.该先行词可为该先行词可为抽象意义或具体意义抽象意义或具体意义的名词；的名词； c. 先行词先行词在从句中在从句中必须充当任何成分必须充当任何成分； d.d.连词和从句所表达的意义是连词和从句所表达的意义是对先行词的内容的对先行词的内容的 限制和修饰限制和修饰。 。规律十三：规律十三： (3)(3)不同的引导词不同的引导词: : asas不用不用在名词从句中在名词从句中; ; when, wherewhen, where在名词性从句中在名词性从句中 不能不能与与in/on/at which in/on/at which 互换互换; ; whether, if, what, howwhether, if, what, how不用不用在定语从句中。在定语从句中。 (4)(4)名词从句与定语从句的一些名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系对应关系: what = all that; whoever = anyone who; whomever = anyone whom; whatever = anything that; whichever = any of that。考点精析考点精析 7 7 、与相关句式的比较与相关句式的比较 (3) (3) 与与 状语从句状语从句 分析下列句子中的分析下列句子中的从句 ，并总结出规律：，并总结出规律：1. It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when 2. You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however3. Dont leave the sharp knife _ our little Jane can get it. A. in which B. to which C. that D. where4. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning. A. when B. which C. where D. what 5. Could you speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter whoB Bc cD DDA A。规律十四：规律十四：（1 1）状语从句）状语从句： a.a.从句从句本身本身一定一定是完整是完整的句子。的句子。 b.b.连词有自己连词有自己“独立的、固定的、特定的独立的、固定的、特定的”意义。意义。 c.c.连词连词不充当不充当从句的任何成分。从句的任何成分。 d.d.它和从句一起它和从句一起只能做只能做主句的某种主句的某种状语状语，表示主句谓语动词，表示主句谓语动词 发生的时间、原因、条件等等。发生的时间、原因、条件等等。 (2)(2)名词从句名词从句： a.a.从句从句本身本身不一定不一定是完整是完整的句子（的句子（that, whether, if that, whether, if 引导引导 的从句是完整的的从句是完整的; ;whwh- - 疑问词引导的不是完整的）疑问词引导的不是完整的） 。 b. 连词连词不一定不一定充当从句的成分充当从句的成分（that, whether, ifthat, whether, if 不充当不充当从句的成分从句的成分; ;whwh- - 疑问词疑问词充当充当从句的某一成分）从句的某一成分） （主、宾、表、定、状）。（主、宾、表、定、状）。 c. 连词意义变化了：连词意义变化了： that that 无意义；无意义； if / whether “ if / whether “是否是否”（不是（不是“如果如果”）；）； when “ when “的时候的时候” ” （不是（不是“ “ 当当时候时候”）；）； where “ where “的地方的地方” ” （不是（不是“ “ 在在地方地方”）。）。规律十四规律十四：( (3)3)不同的引导词不同的引导词: : as, while, since, as if, even if, though, once, unlessas, while, since, as if, even if, though, once, unless 不用于不用于名词从句中名词从句中; ; what, who, whom, whose, whichwhat, who, whom, whose, which不用在不用在状语从句中。状语从句中。(4)(4)状语从句的特殊时态：状语从句的特殊时态： 主句将来时态主句将来时态，表，表时间、条件、让步时间、条件、让步的状语的状语从句必须用从句必须用 一般现在时。一般现在时。 “It “It is is + + 时间段时间段 +since +since 从句从句” ” 中，中，sincesince从句从句必须用必须用 一般过去时一般过去时。 （注意：若（注意：若isis改为改为wawas s，则，则sincesince从句从句中用中用过去完成时过去完成时） 1.误：误：I dont know if he comes back this month. 正：正：I dont know if he will come back this month.（宾语从句）（宾语从句） 2.误：误：It is 5 years since he has joined the party. 正：正： It is 5 years since he joined the party. 强化训练强化训练 1. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what does he C. how is it D. what it is2. It will be two months _ Jane leaves school. She is going to be a doctor. A. that B. before C. since D. when3. Word came _ the PLA man approached the child slowly and helped him to safety. A. when B. that C. since D. where4. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe _ he says. A. whatever B. no matter what C. how D. whichever5. The question_ he asked was _ the electrical equipment should be stored. A. what; that B. which; if C. ; where D. when; because6. Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have. A. what; however B. that; however hard C. which; no matter what D. what; whatever B BB BC CAD DD
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