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-毕业设计外文翻译材料学 院：专 业：学生*：指导教师：电气与电子工程学院电气工程及其自动化 Relay protection development present situationAbstract:Reviewedourcountry electrical power system relay protection technological development process, has outlined the microputer relay protection technology achievement, propose the future relay protection technological development tendency will be: puterizes, networked, protects, the control, the survey, the data munication integration and the artificial intellectualization.Key word:relay protection, present situation development, future development1 relay protection development present situationThe electrical power system rapid development to the relay protection proposeunceasingly the new request, the electronic technology, puter technology and the munication rapid development unceasingly has poured into the new vigor for the relay protection technology development, therefore, the relay protection technology is advantageous, has pleted the development 4 historical stage in more than 40 yearstime.After the founding of the nation, our country relay protection discipline, the relay protection design, the relay manufacture industry and the relay protection technical team grows out of nothing, has passed through the path in about 10 years which advanced countries half century passes through. The 50s, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , pleted to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement e*perience relay protection technical team, and grew the instruction function to the national relay protection technical teams establishment. Therelay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has pleted the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching plete system in the 60s. This is a time which the mechanical and electrical relay protection prospers,was ourcountries relay protection technology development has laid the solid foundation.From the end of the 50s, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 60s to the 80s，itis the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely used. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kV transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500kV line , finished the 500kV line protection to depend upon pletely from the overseas import time.From the 70s,start based on the integration operational amplifier integrated circuit protection to study. Has formed the pletely series to at the end of 80s integrated circuit protection,substitutes for the transistor protection gradually. The development, the production, the application the integrated circuit protects which to the beginning of the 90s still were in the dominant position, this was the integrated circuit protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency conversion quantity direction develops which in this aspect Nanjing electric power automation research institute high frequency protected the vital role, the Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development integrated circuit phase voltage pensated the type direction high frequency protection also moves in multi- strip 220kV and on the 500kV line.Our country namely started the puter relay protection research from the end of the 70s, the institutions of higher learning and the scientific research courtyard institute forerunners function.HuazhongUniversityof Science and Technology, southeast the university, the North China electric power institute, the *ian Jiaotong University, the Tianjin University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, the Chongqing University and the Nanjing electric power automation research institute one after another has all developed the different principle, the different pattern microputer protective device. In 1984 the original North China electric power institute developed the transmission line microputer protective device first through the evaluation and in the system the find application, had opened in our country relay protection history the new page, protect the promotion for the microputer to pave the way. In the host equipment protection aspect, the generator which southeast the university and Huazhong University of Science and Technology develop loses magnetism protection, the generator protection and the generatorBankof transformers protection also one after another in 1989、1994 through appraisal and investment movement. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute develops microputer line protective device also in 1991 through appraisal. The Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development microputer phase voltage pensated the type direction high frequency protection, the *ian Jiaotong University and the *uchang Relay Factory cooperation development positive sequence breakdown ponent direction high frequency protection also one after another in 1993, in 1996 through the appraisal. Here, the different principle, the different type microputer line and the host equipment protect unique, provided one batch of new generation of performance for the electrical power system fine, the function has been plete, the work reliable relay protection installment. Along with the microputer protective device research, in microputer aspect and so on protection software, algorithm has also yielded the very many theories result. May say started our country relay protection technology from the 90s to enter the time which the microputer protected.2 relay protections future developmentThe relay protection technology future the tendency will be to puterizes, networked, the intellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data munication integration development.2.1 puterizes Along with the puter hardware swift and violent development, the microputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microputer line protection hardware has e*perienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists CPU structure microputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi- CPU structure, latter developed to the main line does not leave the module the big modular structure, the performance enhances greatly, obtained the widespread application. Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops the microputer protection also is from 8 CPU, develops to take the labor controlling machine core partially as the foundation 32 microputers protection.The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginning has developed 16 CPU is the foundation microputer line protection, obtained the big area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many times. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 CPU as the foundation microputer line protection, in 1988 namely started to study take 32 digital signals processor (DSP) as the foundation protection, the control, the survey integration microputer installment, at present cooperated with the Zhuhai automatic equipment pany develops one kind of function plete 32 big modules, a module was a miniputer. Uses 32 microputers chips only to focus by no means on the precision, because of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect; 32 microputers chips have the very high integration rate more importantly, very high operating frequency and putation speed, very big addressing space, rich mand system and many inputs outlet. The CPU register, the data bus, the address bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory protection function and the duty transformation function, and (cache) and the floating number part all integrates the high speed buffer in CPU.The electrical power system the request which protects to the microputer enhances unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the large capacity breakdown information and the data long-term storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic capacity, with other protections, the control device and dispatches the networking by to share the entire system data, the information and the network resources ability, the higher order language programming and so on. This requests the microputer protective device to have is equal to a pc machine function. In the puter protection development initial period, once conceived has made the relay protection installment with a miniputer. At that time because the small machine volume big, the cost high, the reliability was bad, this tentative plan was not realistic. Now, with the microputer protective device size similar labor controlling machine function, the speed, the storage capacity greatly has surpassed the same year small machine, therefore, made the relay protection with plete set labor controlling machine the opportunity already to be mature, this will be one of development directions which the microputer protected. The Tianjin University has developed the relay protection installment which Cheng Yongtong microputer protective device structure quite same not less than one kind of labor controlling machine performs to change artificially bees. This kind of equipment merit includes: has the 486pc machine plete function, can satisfy each kind of function request which will protect to current and the future microputer. size and structure and present microputer protective device similar, the craft e*cellent, quakeproof, guards against has been hot, guards against electromagnetic interference ability, may move in the very severe working conditions, the cost may accept. Uses the STD main line or the pc main line, the hardware modulation, may select the different module willfully regarding the different protection, the disposition nimble, and is easy to e*pand.Relay protection installment, puterizes is the irreversible development tendency. How but to satisfies the electrical power system request well, how further enhances the relay protection the reliability, how obtains the bigger economic efficiency and the social efficiency, still must conduct specifically the thorough research. 2.2 networkedThe puter network has bee the information age as the information and the data munication tool the technical prop, caused the human production and the social life appearance has had the radical change. It profoundly is affecting each industry domain, also has provided the powerful means of munication for each industry domain. So far, besides the differential motion protection and the vertical association protection, all relay protections installment all only can respond the protection installment place electricity spirit. The relay protection function also only is restricted in the e*cision breakdown part, reduces the accident to affect the scope. This mainly is because lacks the powerful data munication method. Overseas already had proposed the system protection concept, this in mainly referred to the safe automatic device at that time. Because the relay protection function not only is restricted in the e*cision breakdown part and the limit accident affects the scope (this is most important task), but also must guarantee the entire system the security stable movement. This requests each protection unit all to be able to share the entire system the movement and the breakdown information data, each protection unit and the superposition brake gear in analyze this information and in the data foundation the synchronized action, guarantees the system the security stable movement. Obviously, realizes this kind of system protection basic condition is joins the entire system each main equipment protective device with the puter network, that is realization microputer protective device networked. This under the current engineering factor is pletely possible.Regarding the general non- system protection, the realization protective device puter networking also has the very big advantage. The relay protection equipment can obtain system failure information more, then to the breakdown nature, the breakdown position judgment and the breakdown distance e*amination is more accurate. Passed through the very long time to the auto-adapted protection principle research, also has yielded the certain result, but must realize truly protects to the system movement way and the malfunction auto-adapted, must obtain the more systems movement and the breakdown information, only then realization protection puter networked, can achieve this point.Regarding certain protective device realization puter networking also can enhance the protection the reliability. The Tianjin University in 1993 proposed in view of the future Three Gorges hydroelectric power station 500kv ultrahigh voltage multi-return routes generatri* one kind of distributional generatri* protection principle, developed successfully this kind of equipment initially. Its principle is disperses the traditional central generatri* protection certain (with to protect generatri* to return way to be same) the generatri* protection unit, the dispersible attire is located in on various return routes protection screen, each protection unit joins with the puter network, each protection unit only inputs this return route the amperage, after transforms it the digital quantity, transmits through the puter network for other all return routes protection unit, each protection unit acts according to this return route the amperage and other all return routes amperage which obtains from the puter network, carries on the generatri* differential motion protection the putation, if the puted result proof is the generatri* interior breakdown then only jumps the book size return route circuit breaker, Breakdown generatri* isolation. When generatri* area breakdown, each protection unit all calculates for e*terior breakdown does not act. This kind the distributional generatri* protection principle which realizes with the puter network has the high reliability pared to the traditional central generatri* protection principle. Because if a protection unit receives the disturbance or the miscalculation when moves by mistake, only can wrongly jump the book size return route, cannot create causes the generatri* entire the malignant accident which e*cises, this regarding looks like the Three Gorges power plant to have the ultrahigh voltage generatri* the system key position to be e*tremely important.By above may know, microputer protective device may enhance the protection performance and the reliability greatly, this is the microputer protection development inevitable trend.2.3 protections, control, survey, data munication integrations In realization relay protection puterizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multi-purpose puter, is in an entire electrical power system puter network intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the net, also may protect the part which obtains it any information and the data transfer for the network control center or no matter what a terminal. Therefore, each microputer protective device not only may plete the relay protection function, moreover in does not have in the breakdown normal operation situation also to be possible to plete the survey, the control, the data munication functionthat is realization protection, control, survey, data munication integration.At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to direct to . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be e*tremely ple*. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration puter installation, will install in outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby, by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into after this installment internal circulation the digital quantity, will deliver through the puter network, then might avoid the massive control cable. If takes the network with the optical fiber the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electromagnetic interference. Now the optical current transformer (OTA) and the optical voltage transformer (OTV) in the research trial stage, future inevitably obtained the application in the electrical power system. In uses OTA and in the OTV situation, the protective device should place is apart from OTA and the OTV recent place, that is should place by the protection device nearby. OTA and the OTV light signal inputs after this integration installment in and transforms the electrical signal, on the one hand serves as the protection the putation judgment; On the other hand took the survey quantity, delivers through the network. May to deliver from through the network by the protection device operation control mand this integrated installment, carries out the circuit breaker operation from this the integrated installment. In 1992 the Tianjin University proposed the protection, the control, the survey, the correspondence integration question, and has developed take the tms320c25 digital signal processor (DSP) as a foundation protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration installment.2.4 intellectualizations In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology like nerve network, the genetic algorithms, the evolution plan, the fuzzy logic and so on all obtained the application in electrical power system each domain, also started in the relay protection domain application research. The nerve network is one non-linear mapping method, very many lists the ple* non-linear problem with difficulty which the equation or solves with difficulty, the application nerve network side principle may be easily solved. For e*ample e*hibits in the situation in the transmission line two sides systems electric potential angle to occur after the transition resistance short-circuits is a non-linear problem, very difficult correctly to make the breakdown position from the protection the distinction, thus creates moves by mistake or resists to move; If thinks after the network method, passes through the massive breakdowns sample training, so long as the sample centralism has fully considered each kind of situation, then in breaks down time any all may correctly distinguish. Other likes genetic algorithms, the evolution plan and so on also all has its unique solution ple* question the ability. May cause the solution speed these artificial intelligence method suitable unions to be quicker The Tianjin University carries on the nerve network type relay protection from 1996 the research, has yielded the preliminary result. May foresee, the artificial intelligence technology must be able to obtain the application in the relay protection domain, by solves the problem which solves with difficulty with the conventional method.3conclusionsSince the founding of Chinas electric power sy
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