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FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERTISYWill you be a worker or a laborer?FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY5UNITDo not hire a man who does your work for money, but him who does it for love of it. Henry David Thoreau (American philosopher)The more I want to get something done, the less I call it work.Richard Bach (American writer) 5UNITWill you be a worker or a laborer?To talk about workTo further understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo master the essay writing skillWarming-up Activities Text Study Language Application SummaryASECTIONWarming-up ActivitiesASECTION1. What do you pay special attention to when looking for in a job? High salary and attractive benefits Bright future of career growth Less work pressure Flexible working time Achievement of self-realization 2. What does work mean to you? Just means of living Measured in terms of social status Realization of ones dream Self-improvement 1. Read the typical job characteristics below and write down the number that represents your opinion. 1.The chance of advancing to a higher position. 2.How much the job pays. 3.How much responsibility the job involves. 4.The stress level of the job. 5.The location of the office building.1 = disagree completely 2 = agree a little3 = agree to some extent 4 = mostly agree5 = agree completely1. Read the typical job characteristics below and write down the number that represents your opinion.6. The work conditions.7. Whether the job requires unusual work hours.8. The amount of travel required.9. Whether the job fits my personality.10. Whether people consider the job prestigious.1 = disagree completely 2 = agree a little3 = agree to some extent 4 = mostly agree5 = agree completely2. Work in pairs and compare your answers. Discuss the following questions with your partner.What are the three most important factors when you choose a job?3. What are the three most important factors when you choose a job?There are many things to consider when people are choosing a career. But for me, the following three factors affect my choice most. First, the job must fit my personality. I believe that certain occupations are more suitable for particular personality types than others. If the job really fits my personality, I will be more likely to be successful and will enjoy going to work. Second, how much the job pays.To be continuedIt is understandable that if I want to live an adequate life, I need to make enough money to support that standard of living. Finally, the location of the office building is also an important factor in choosing a career for me. I dont like a job that is located far away from my home, because it requires extra commute time and will surely reduce the quality time I could otherwise have spent with my family.3. What are the three most important factors when you choose a job? For four hundred years or more, one thing has been a characteristic of Americans. It is called their “work ethic”. Its _ were in the teaching of the Christian Puritans who first settled in what is now the northeastern state of Massachusetts. They believed that is was their _ duty to work as every task to please God by their diligence, honesty, _, skill, and attitude.Listen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information.To be continuedrootsmoralattention to details To these Puritans, it was a sin to be lazy or to do less than your best in any task. They and later Americans tried to follow the Bibles _. “If a man will not work, he shall not eat.” Therefore, Americans have for _ believed that they were guilty of sin if they did not work as carefully and hard as they could when they did anything.teachingscenturiesListen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information.To be continued God would _ those who were careless or lazy in their work. Even as children they were taught, “If its worth doing at all, its worth doing well.” But some people have gone beyond the usual _. They are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder” so as to increase their status, _, and sense of self-worth.financial positionpunishsense of diligenceListen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information.To be continued In English a new world has been created to describe people who work compulsively. The word “workaholic” describes an individual who is as _ as an alcoholic is to alcohol. There are _ points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics _ themselves physically and mentally. addicted to workconflictingabuseListen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information.To be continued Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are _. The American culture values achievement, efficiency, and production, and a workaholic _ these values.upholdsextremely productiveListen to a short passage concerning Americans Work Ethic and fill in the missing information.1. What is “continuing education”? 2. What is “experiential learning”? Questions previewing1. What is “continuing education”? Continuing education refers to the education for adults, usually in classes that are held in the evening and especially on subjects that are related to their jobs. Experiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. It is learning through reflection on doing, which is often contrasted with rote learning (死记硬背). Experiential learning focuses on the learning process for the individual. 2. What is “experiential learning”? To be continued An example of experiential learning is going to the zoo and learning through observation and interaction with the zoo environment, as opposed to reading about animals from a book. Thus, one makes discoveries and experiments with knowledge firsthand, instead of hearing or reading about others experiences.2. What is “experiential learning”? Text StudyASECTIONAccording to the writer, how can a person be truly happy?(Para. 1)To be truly happy, a person must feel _. People are never happy if they _ by society to do work they do not enjoy, or if what they do enjoy is ignored by society as having no _ or _ . free and importantfeel compelledvalueimportancePeople are considered _ if their job has an _ effect on them, yet they feel compelled to continue working because of _ and the need to _ their family. The opposite of labor is _ which is a purely _; society does not care when or whether we play. How is labor different from play? (Para. 2)laborersadverseplayprivate pastimesocietal expectations supportBetween labor and play stands _. (Para. 3)workgardenercity mayorworkerlaborer The author wants to show that the differencebetween workers and laborers does not lie in the _ (工作的性质) itself, be it mental or manual, of low or high esteem, but in whether a person has an _ (兴趣) in his job.Why does the author make a comparison between a gardener and a well-dressed city mayor? (Para. 3)nature of the job interest Part I : (Paras. 1 3 )The introduction part, includes the first three paragraphs, providing a framework to differentiate among work, labor, and play.IntroductionSection 3 (Paras. 6 8): In modern times, workers and laborers spend their _ in different ways.Section 2 (Para. 5):Workers and laborers differ in the amount of _ they derive from their jobs.Section 1 (Para. 4): Workers and laborers are different in their _ toward their work.attitude satisfactionBodyleisure time Part II: (Paras.4 8)To workers: leisure means simply the hours they need to _ _ in order to work efficiently. To laborers: leisure means _ from compulsion.prone to dedicate more time to workingimagine that the more hours they have free for play, the betterWhat does leisure mean to workers and laborers respectively? (Para. 4)relax and restfreedomHow do workers and laborers differ in the amount of personal satisfaction they derive from their jobs? (Para. 5) be happier less stressed more satisfied work with more diligence and precision a sense of personal pride daily grind wasting the time no contribution to their happiness meaningful time: spent in leisure and playUnfortunately, laborers are all too commonplace, and only a small percentage of the population is in the lucky position of being workers.Workers:Laborers:(Para. 8) Workers, unlike laborers, hurl their _ into their work, be it physical or mental.(Para. 7) _ can make the difference between being bored, unhappy laborers and workers who find meaning and joy in their employment and life. (Para. 6) While social development has created much more leisure time than ever before, modern laborers spend their leisure time in _.In modern times, workers and laborers spend their leisure time in different ways.(Paras. 6 8) fostering bad habitsLifelong learning passionPart III (Para. 9)The conclusion part summarizes that everyone has to find a job andearn a living, and that whatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker?ConclusionEveryone has to find a job and earn a living. (Para. 9) slave away at a job wait all day until they go home and play. energized and focused take optimum pleasure in the task at hand a simultaneous sense of purpose and enthusiasmWhatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker? (Paras.1 3): What are work, labor, and play? To be truly happy, a person must feel both free and important. (Para. 1)Labor is the polar opposite of play. (Para. 2)Between labor and play stands work. (Para. 3)(Paras.4 8): Workers and laborers are different in many aspects.Peoples attitude toward their work determines everything. (Para. 4)People differ in personal satisfaction they derive from their jobs. (Para. 5)In modern times, workers and laborers spend their leisure time in different ways. (Paras. 6-8)There is more leisure time today thanever before and laborers foster many bad habits. (Para. 6)Actually, there are many opportunitiesto improve peoples minds and theirworking conditions. (Para. 7)People who enjoy their work find timepasses quickly. (Para. 8)In modern times, workers and laborers spend their leisure time in different ways. (Paras. 6-8)(Para. 9): Whatever job you choose, you must contend with this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker?The text argues, by differentiating among work, labor, and play, that interest and _ in work are important for the benefit of both _ and society. There are three major differences between workers and laborers. Firstly, workers and laborers are different in their _ toward their work. Workers will dedicate more time to _ and spend less time on leisure, enjoyment individualsattitudeworkingWill you be a worker or a laborer? To be continuedwhereas laborers will regard leisure as _ from compulsion and the more hours they have free for play, the better. Secondly, workers and laborers differ in the amount of _ they derive from their jobs. Workers will achieve greater _ than laborers. Thirdly, in modern times, workers and laborers spend their _ in different ways. To be continuedautonomy satisfactionhappinessleisure timeWhile social development has created much more leisure time than ever before, modern laborers spend their leisure time in fostering _. Considering this phenomenon, _ can make the difference between being bored, unhappy laborers and workers who find meaning and joy in their _ and life. bad habitslifelong learningemploymentTo be continuedMoreover, workers, unlike laborers, hurl their _ into their work, be it physical or mental. Everyone has to find a job and _, and that whatever job you choose, you must _ this essential question: Will you be a laborer or a worker?earn a livingcontend withpassion1. name only / but a few略举几例略举几例2. sink ones teeth into sth.专注于做某事专注于做某事3. slave away 拼命干；苦干拼命干；苦干4. count down倒数；倒计时倒数；倒计时5. at hand手头的；需要马上处理的手头的；需要马上处理的6. contend with sth.必须处理；不得不应付必须处理；不得不应付略举几例略举几例(to name only / but a few) The international community is also offeringassistance, including the United States, Franceand China, to name only a few.name only / but a few短语逆译国际社会也在提供援助，略举几例，如美国、法国和中国。意群提示短语应用专注于做某事专注于做某事(sink ones teeth into sth)Playing the part of Queen Victoria is the kind ofrole that is made for you, the kind of role youcan sink your teeth into.sink ones teeth into sth.短语应用 维多利亚女王这个角色，就是为你而设，是一个你能倾情投入的角色。意群提示短语逆译拼命干；苦干拼命干；苦干(slave away/notation signs/old-fashioned)After slaving away at the computer keyboard,you then still have to write notation signs byhand, the old-fashioned way. slave away 辛辛苦苦用电脑键盘输入后，你还得按老办法手工写上注释符号。意群提示短语逆译短语应用倒数；倒计时倒数；倒计时A giant electronic display is counting down the days to the start of the Pan-American Games here. count down 一块巨大的电子显示屏对即将在此举行的泛美运动会进行倒计时。意群提示(count down / Pan-American Games) 短语逆译短语应用手头的；需要手头的；需要马上处理的马上处理的(at hand/ most likely ) If they would take a few seconds to understandthe problem at hand, they would most likely findan easy answer and without needing a calculator. at hand 如果他们花上一点时间去弄懂手头的题目，则极有可能不需要计算器就能找到一个简单的答案。意群提示短语逆译短语应用必须处理；必须处理；不得不应付不得不应付(contend with/ financial year ) Euro Disney had to contend with many difficulties when its first financial year came to an end. 当第一个财年结束时，欧洲迪斯尼乐园不得不去应对很多的困难。意群提示contend with sth.短语逆译短语应用What is sth. from the point of view of A is sth. else from the point of view of B.用于表达用于表达“不同的人对待不同的人对待同一件事有不同的看法同一件事有不同的看法”。Sb. hurl the passion into sth. Or doing sth., be it like/such as, orlike/such as 用于举例说明用于举例说明“某人执着某人执着地做某事地做某事”。But while A is doing sth., B is doing sth. else.用于对比用于对比“不同人不同的不同人不同的做事风格做事风格”。社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习What is necessary labor from the point of view of society is voluntary play from the individuals personal point of view. (Para. 3)句型提炼句型提炼What is sth. from the point of view of A is sth. else from the Bs point of view.句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于表达“不同的人对待同一件事有不同的看法”。句型应用句型应用(elderly people/weird dressing)典型例句 在老年人看来是怪异的打扮对年轻人来说却是时尚。意群提示What is weird dressing from the point of view of elderly people is fashion from the point of view of young people.无论是铁匠的体力活，还是像科学家或艺术家从事的偏脑力的活，他们在工作中都会投入激情。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习They hurl their passion into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or more mental like that of a scientist or an artist. (Para. 8)句型提炼句型提炼Sb. hurl the passion into sth. or doing sth., be it like/such as, or like/such as 句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于举例说明“某人执着地做某事”。句型应用句型应用(donate money / oil spills) 典型例句 公众为我们的事业捐款，为灾难受害者捐款，无论是地震之类的自然灾难，还是石油泄漏之类人为之灾。意群提示The public hurl their passion into donating money to our cause and for the victims of disasters, be it natural, such as earthquakes, or man-made, such as oil spills.但是当劳役者倒数着时间之时，工作者则干劲十足，全神贯注，从手头的任务中享受到最大的快乐。原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习But while laborers are counting down the hours, workers are energized and focused, taking optimum pleasure in the task at hand. (Para. 9)句型提炼句型提炼But while A. is doing sth., B is doing sth. else.句型提炼句型提炼应用提示应用提示用于对比“不同人不同的不同的做事风格”。句型应用句型应用(quitter/struggler/dawdle away ones time)典型例句但是当懒人在虚度光阴的时候，奋斗者则目标坚定、信心十足，在努力工作中品尝到成功的喜悦。意群提示But while quitters are dawdling away their time, strugglers are determined and confident, tasting the joy of success in their hard working. a. In a society where slavery inthe strict sense has been abolished, the social indications around work, the value of work and the salary, have degraded many laborers into modern slaves “wage slaves”. (Para. 1, L3) 在一个奴隶制度严格说来已经被废除的社会里，工作的社会含义、工作的价值和薪水，已经把许多劳役者降格为现代奴隶“薪奴”。 b. Workers who enjoy their jobs will be happier, less stressed, and generally more satisfied with their lives. They will also work with more diligence and precision because they have fostered a sense of personal pride in their jobs.(Para. 5, L2)工作者喜欢自己的工作，感觉更快乐，更轻松，通常对自己的生活更满意。他们工作起来也会更勤奋，更精细，因为他们对自己的工作已经产生了一种自豪感。 c. On the other hand, laborers, whose sole incentive is earning their livelihood, feel that the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesnt contribute to their happiness. (Para. 5, L5)相反，由于劳役者的唯一动力是挣生活费，他们觉得每天花在苦差上的时间是一种浪费，不会让自己快乐。 d. By choosing a job that is both useful to society and personally fulfilling, workers maintain a simultaneous sense of purpose and enthusiasm that improves their whole lives.(Para. 9, L4)他们通过选择一份有益社会、成就自我的工作，怀揣着一种使命感和热情，提升了自己的整个生活。 1. How does technology change peoples work and life?2. How can a person foster love for his work?3. Will you be a worker or a laborer? Why? New technology clearly enables us to work faster and more efficiently, and it facilitates flexible and remote working (fitting in with childcare or avoiding a distasteful commute), but it can also mean that we cannot ever really get away from our jobs and tune out. Technology may make us more responsive, more capable of gaining access to information over a broader spectrum. Technology is basically1How does technology change peoples work and life?to be continued With new technology, we are working harder and are more enslaved to our work than before. We are walking around with laptops or with portable phones. Were becoming slaves to high technology. Theres no escape.1How does technology change peoples work and life? Start with a positive and right attitude, for the right attitude toward work makes it much easier to accept and do it. Put interest into work. Once you have the enthusiasm, it becomes easy to start things.2How can a person foster love for his work?to be continued Create favorable surroundings when doing the work. Always reflect on what you have achieved, which will give you a sense of pride and fulfillment.2How can a person foster love for his work? I will be a worker, for a worker is someone who has an interest in and a strong love for his work, who is more dedicated to and more satisfied with his work than a laborer would be.3Will you be a worker or a laborer? Why? I think its possible that I will choose to be a laborer someday. Its never the case that we do anything completely in accordance with our own interest. We have to meet the expectations of the ones we love and we have to be the breadwinner for our family. Anyway, we shouldnt ignore the needs and opinions of our family members when we are planning our careers.3Will you be a worker or a laborer? Why? Respect for authority or equality (responses to decision-making)Interpersonal harmony or competition (facing divergences)People orientation or problem orientation (ways of dealing with problems)Self-deprecating or self-presentational (patterns of expressing viewpoints)Being cautious or adventurous (styles of making plans)Make a comparison and contrast between Chinese and American values involved in daily workplace. Watch the two video clips of Modern Family and discuss the following questions.Q1: Do you think Andy a qualified manny?Q2: What do you think people will choose: a low-paid job one likes, or a boring well-paid job?Watching & DiscussingWatching & DiscussingWatching & Discussing Q1: Do you think Andy a qualified manny? professional experience working with kids good at cooking and housework a nutritionist and a fitness instructor smart, active, humorous, caring, attentive, responsible great enthusiasm to his jobWatching & Discussing Q2: What do you think people will choose: a low-paid job one likes, or a boring well-paid job?I think many people prefer to find a job that they really like. After all, most people want to enjoy themselves rather than have plenty of money without a sense of achievement and happiness.On the other hand, some people may choose a well-paid job instead of a job close to their hearts to earn more money. If one is in serious financial difficulty, one can hardly afford the luxury of a dream job. Watching & Discussing Language ApplicationASECTIONA comparison/contrast essay examines two or more objects. The comparison shows how they are alike; the contrast shows how they differ. The following steps provide a guide for
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