2018年考研必备!17年考研英语试卷详解!

2021年考研必备！17年考研英语试题详解！考研必备材料试题详解！答案分析！全网唯一！Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding yes!_1helping you feel close and _2to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _4getting sick this winter.In a recent study _5over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_6the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_7to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_8with a cold, and the researchers_9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _10about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _11among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_12.Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _13risk for colds thats usually _14with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _15the feeling that others are there to help_16difficulty.Some experts_17the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called the bonding hormone_18it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _19in the brain, where it _20mood, behavior and physiology.1. ABesidesBUnlikeCThroughoutDDespite2. AequalBrestrictedCconnectedDinferior3. AviewBhostClessonDchoice4. AavoidBforgetCrecallDkeep5. AcollectingBaffectingCguidingDinvolving6. AonBinCatDof7. AdevotedBattractedClostDexposed8. AalongBacrossCdownDout9. AimaginedBdeniedCdoubtedDcalculated10.AservedBrestoredCexplainedDrequired11.AThusBStillCRatherDEven12.AdefeatsBsymptomsCerrorsDtests13.AhighlightedBincreasedCcontrolledDminimized14.ApresentedBequippedCassociatedDcompared15.AassessBgenerateCmoderateDrecord16. Ain the name ofBin the form ofCin the face ofDin the way of17.AattributeBcommitCtransferDreturn18.AunlessBbecauseCthoughDuntil19.AremainsBemergesCvanishesDdecreases20.AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluences1ABesidesBUnlikeCThroughoutDDespite【答案】A【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，“it turns out that hugs说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，前文的逻辑关系应该为“除此以外，结合选项，ABesides除此之外最为适宜。2AequalBrestrictedCconnectedDinferior【答案】C【解析】此题实为逻辑关系题。根据句子前后构造“helping you feel close and _2，我们可以判断，由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与feel close同义，并且要与后面介词to 连用。因此，通过对于四个选项含义判断，C选项有“关联的含义最为符合。3AviewBhostClessonDchoice【答案】B【解析】此题为固定搭配。“a host of表示大量的。其他选项搭配不合理。4AavoidBforgetCrecallDkeep【答案】A【解析】根据题干信息“a warm embrace might even help you _4getting sick this winter.中，出现“even，表示“甚至，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可以带来大量的好处，因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。根据四个选项含义，Aavoid防止Bforget忘记Crecall回忆Dkeep保持，A选项“防止生病最符合文意。5AcollectingBaffectingCguidingDinvolving【答案】D【解析】此题考察现在分词做后置定语，需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的“study，因此，结合四个选项Acollecting收集Baffecting影响Cguiding(引导)Dinvolving涉及、卷入，根据句子含义，应该表达“关于涉及400人的研究。因此正确选项应为D6AonBinCatDof【答案】A【解析】此题为固定搭配。根据句义“examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_6the participants考察固定搭配“examined the effectson sth因此，此题正确选项为A。7AdevotedBattractedClostDexposed【答案】D【解析】根据句义“common cold after being_7to the virus.“通常感冒是在。细菌之后发生的。结合选项含义Adevoted致力于Battracted吸引Clost丧失Dexposed(暴露于)，D选项“暴露在细菌中符合文意。8AalongBacrossCdownDout【答案】C【解析】此题为固定搭配。Acome along with(和。相处的好)Bcome across with偿付Ccome down with得病，感染Dcome out with出版，提出，结合语境，根据后面与cold感冒搭配，C选项“得感冒搭配最为合理。9AimaginedBdeniedCdoubtedDcalculated【答案】D【解析】此题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题。根据原文“the researchers_9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_10about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.动作的主语是“研究人员，连接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用，并且有数据支撑。从选项含义Aimagined想像Bdenied否认Cdoubted疑心Dcalculated计算，推测来看，宾语从句局部应为研究人员计算推测出的结果。因此，选项D符合要求。10AservedBrestoredCexplainedDrequired【答案】C【解析】此题为动词含义考察。根据文章内容，“the stress-reducing effects of hugging _10about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.此题同样考察研究人员做出的研究结果，因此，结合选项含义Aserved效劳Brestored存储Cexplained解释Drequired要求，C选项“解释符合语境要求。11AThusBStillCRatherDEven【答案】D【解析】此题为逻辑关系题。AThus因此，表示因果关系BStill仍然，表示强调关系CRather相反，表示比照关系DEven甚至，表示递进关系根据文章上下文逻辑，下文是对上文做进一步说明，因此选择递进关系比拟符合逻辑关系。D为正确选项。12AdefeatsBsymptomsCerrorsDtests【答案】B【解析】形容词与名词搭配问题。根据语境“the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_12所选词要与severe构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果。因此，Bsymptoms(病症)符合语境要求。正确选项为B。13AhighlightedBincreasedCcontrolledDminimized【答案】B【解析】此题为形容词修饰。根据原文Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _13risk for colds thats usually _14with stress,，需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk。在选项中，Ahighlighted突出的Bincreased增加的Ccontrolled被控制的Dminimized最小的，比照选项含义，B“增加的风险更符合原文语境。14ApresentedBequippedCassociatedDcompared【答案】C【解析】此题为固定搭配题。A 和B选项不可以和with连接。Cassociated可以和with连接，意为“与。有关联。Dcompared和with连接表示“和。相比不符合文章要求。因此，此题正确选项为C.15AassessBgenerateCmoderateDrecord【答案】B【解析】此题考察动宾搭配。根据原文“Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _15the feeling，需要选择一个动词能够和后文的“the feeling搭配。分析选项含义：Aassess评估Bgenerate产生Cmoderate缓和Drecord记录，四个选项中，B“generate the feeling产生感觉搭配最为合理。因此正选为B。16Ain the name ofBin the form ofCin the face ofDin the way of【答案】C【解析】此题为短语搭配题。分析选项含义Ain the name of以为名Bin the form of以的形式Cin the face of面对Din the way of以的方式，结合文章语境，应为“面对困难搭配最为合理。因此，正确选项为C。17AattributeBcommitCtransferDreturn【答案】A【解析】此题为固定搭配题。即：attribute sth to sth .因此正确选项为A18AunlessBbecauseCthoughDuntil【答案】B【解析】此题为逻辑关系题。选项含义Aunless除非Bbecause因为Cthough虽然Duntil直到。才。结合原文语境，“often called the bonding hormone_18it promotes attachment in relationships,经常被称之为“形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙.它促进了关系的依赖。从本句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系。因此正确选项为B19AremainsBemergesCvanishesDdecreases【答案】A【解析】此题为动词辨析。选项含义为Aremains仍然Bemerges出现Cvanishes消失Ddecreases减少结合语境信息“But some of it _19in the brain, C和D选项跟文章含义相反。而B 选项只表示一种动作。A选项表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正确选项为A。where it _20mood, behavior and physiology.20AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluences【答案】D【解析】此题为动词辨析。选项含义为Aexperiences经历Bcombines结合Cjustifies替某人辩护，证明合理Dinfluences影响。根据原文语境，“where it _20mood, behavior and physiology.能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“情绪、行为、和生理，只有D“影响因此正确选项为D。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 40 pointsText 1First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned toA explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning toA quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program isA a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the besttitle for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck Lanes答案：21-25 ACDDC 21. 答案【A】explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.解析：此题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的平安检查。正确答案A的Americans tolerance是原文Americans are willing to tolerate的原词复现，current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同义转化。干扰项B的urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围；选项C的major U.S. major airports属于具体信息的干扰；选项D的privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。 22. 答案【C】An increase in the number of travelers. 解析：此题目为原因细节题。根据题干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 与题干中的contributed to是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的平安措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C的an increase in the number of travelers 是原文a rise in airline travel的同义替换。干扰项A的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容；选项B的TSA efficiency也出现在第四段；选项D的unexpected secret checks未提及。 23. 答案【D】faster.解析：此题目为词义句意题，考察上下文逻辑关系。根据题干，定位到第5段第3句，“Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes，结合下一句中的这样会saving time for everyone involved，即可以节省时间的安检，与选项对应就是答案D faster更快。干扰项A更安静，选项B更廉价，选项C更广泛，都无关，属于常识性干扰。 24. 答案【D】an unreasonable price for enrollment.解析：此题目为具体细节题。根据题干关键词problem with the PreCheck program定位到倒数第二段的第二句话 this price tag has been the PreChecks fatal flaw.本句中的代词this代词指代本段第一句话，说的是Passengers必须每五年pay 85美元来做background checks。正确答案D中的unreasonable price 是原文的85美元，enrollment就是原文的process background checks。干扰项A其规模的极具下滑未提及，选项C其错误的执行属于过度推理，选项C政府不愿意支持是对原文的曲解。 25. 答案【C】Getting Stuck in Security Lines解析：此题目为全文主旨题。全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围。第一段介绍事实背景，第二段首句提及了美国人对于平安检查方面的状况，并在下文提及了所出现的问题。正确答案C安检流程线陷入困境是对原文的总结概括。干扰项A的Screening 是原文的具体细节，选项B和选项D的PreCheck是原文最后三段的内容。Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers, wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due toA its geographical features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.答案：26-30 BABCD 26. 答案【B】the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.解析：此题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的关键词Queen Liliuokalani的remark定位到第一段的第一句，所indicate的内容是在第一段的第二句话，意思是观星者是在Hawaiian社会中最受尊重的成员。正确选项B的the importance of astronomy是原文star watchers were among the most esteemed members的总结概括，in ancient Hawaiian society是原文的原词出现。干扰项A的historical role属于原文信息的曲解，选项C的regrettable decline未提及，过度推理，选项D不是in her time，是她评论ancient的观星者。 27. 答案【A】its geographical features. 解析：此题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的大写字母Mauna Kea，以及关键词ideal astronomical site定位到第二段But后面的内容。But后面说Mauna Kea是世界上最有力量的望远镜home。此题目问的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，这里提到Mauna Kea的顶峰高于大局部的浓密大气层。选项A中的geographical features就是地质特色的意思，属于同义替换。干扰项B的受保护的周边环境未提及，是常识性干扰；选项C的宗教暗示根据本段首句worship进展干扰，不在定位句里；选项D现有的根底设施未提及。 28. 答案【B】it reminds them of a humiliating history.解析：此题目属于原因细节题。根据题干关键词the construction of the TMT以及opposed by some locals定位到第四段第二句，这里提到a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation，对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。选项B中的remind 是原文的原词复现，a humiliating history令人耻辱的历史是对the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 的同义转化及总结概括。 29. 答案【C】may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.解析：此题目属于细节推断题。根据题干定位到第5段，关键词progress in todays astronomy再第五段中没有。此种情况下，考虑段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及转这句。先看首句无答案，看本段尾句提到，或许那就是我们探索星际空间的原因，好似会答复有关我们自己及我们真正祖先的最原始答复。选项C首先may是对原文as if的解读，uncover 同义替换answer，the origin of Hawaiian culture是原文ourselves and our true ancestral homes的同义转化。干扰项A的dreams本段中没有，干扰项B的Hawaiian culture本段有提及，但未指出across the world，干扰项D的soften hostility属于过度推断。30. 答案【D】full approval解析：第一段第二句 Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.意思是，可悲的是，夏威夷现在的天文学不太妙。所以，对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的处境，作者用了一个sadly来形容，明明白白地表达了他的蓝瘦香菇。而夏威夷现在不太妙的处境具体指什么？在下一句清楚地说明了Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos意思是我们要搞个巨牛的望远镜，你们居然不同意！所以两句结合一块，作者的态度就明白了，他是支持建望远镜的。在最后一段的最后一句里也有作者态度的线索 There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.意思是说有人跑到你们那儿去，承受你们的文化遗产，去看星星看月亮，你们为毛不欢送？咳咳，正经点儿说，就是用了no reason和cannot双重否认既强调又强调，还带点儿不可置信地赶脚说夏威夷人应该欢送每一个到他们那儿去研究天文，并且欣赏他们的文化遗产cultural heritage的每一个人everyone。具体到这篇文章，他们的文化遗产在第五段和第一段都有说，就是天文研究，而每一个人当然应该包括这些想建天文望远镜的人。所以作者的态度旗帜鲜明，就是全力支持。所以正确答案是D。Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile. With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rat