iu管沟坚石开挖静态爆破施工组织设计

管沟坚石开挖静态爆破施工组织设计0杨杖子经济开发区棚户区改造23-50楼小区市政管网工程管沟坚石开挖静态爆破施工组织设计一、施工概况：杨杖子23-50楼小区市政管网工程，管线开挖处土质除部分为松石外大部分为普坚石（、类），管沟沟槽开挖时采用光面静态爆破开挖技术，普坚石破碎后，结合小型风镐人工清除石方，深度、宽度允许超挖200mm。（具体普坚石开挖工程量现场签证）。二、具体施工方法：1.静态爆破的原理：静态爆破剂属于非燃、非爆、无毒物品，是一种含有铝、镁、钙、铁、氧、硅、磷、钛等元素的无机盐粉末状破碎剂，用适量水调成流动浆体，直接装入炮孔中，经水化后，产生巨大膨胀压力（可达30-50Mpa），并施加给孔壁，当压力在孔壁上引起的拉应力大于岩石（抗拉强度为4-10Mpa），岩石即被破碎解体。2.静态爆破的特点：2.1高效率、高效益（1）操作简单、安全、工期短、成本底、不需专业工种。（2）提高石材荒料成材率3-4倍。（3）易管理，可按普通货物托运、储存、保管。2.2符合环保、安全要求静态爆破在破碎过程中无震动、飞石、噪音、无毒、无污染。静态爆破剂不属于危险品，无公害。2.3速度快，力量大，一般装药后0.5h左右即可出现裂缝，其力量可达到30-50Mpa.3.施工过程：爆破前应对构筑物构造、性质、作业环境、工程量、破碎程度、二次破碎方法、工期要求、气候条件，了解岩石性质、节理、走向和地下水情况。设计时，应根据爆破对象的实际情况（材料种类、岩石形状、破碎或切割的块度等）确定所需钻孔参数、钻孔分布和爆破程序。其顺序为如下：爆破结构调查爆破设计钻孔选择破碎剂充填灌注二次人工使用小型风镐破碎清理沟底、摊座整平4.爆破设计：4.1钻孔4.1.1 钻孔设计根据被破碎物材质和块度要求，使用不同的静态破碎剂应选用不同的参数，表一为SCA型静态破碎剂采用的参数。表一静态爆破施工技术参数破裂体孔径d/mm孔距a/mm孔深L软质岩40-5040-601.0H中硬质岩40-6540-601.05H石材切割35-4020-401.0H素混凝土35-5040-600.8H钢筋砼基础、柱、梁、墙板注：H为物体计划破碎高度：排距b=(0.6-0.9)a4.1.2 钻孔工艺要点（1）若施工时气温高、钻孔直径大、水灰比小、孔距小，则开裂时间短，效力大。（2）炮孔布置可根据结构的自由面而定，或尽可能多创造自由面，自由面多则破碎时间短。对不同自由面采取不同的布孔方法。（3）对只有一个自由面（如掏槽或挖基础）者要创造出至少另一个自由面，可用金属切割或钻密集预裂孔，或采用倾斜孔与垂直孔相结合，分期分部破碎。（4）钻孔尽量选用垂直孔，少用水平孔，以免造成操作困难及延长填充时间。（5）尽可能一次钻多个孔，多人同时灌浆，使每个钻孔内破碎剂的效力同时发生。（6）顺着纹理钻孔，能够使破裂更快。（7）周边的钻孔应适当密集，以确保周边材质先被破裂。（8）钻孔直径超过60mm时，易发生冲孔，须加以覆盖。（9）钻孔前检查钻孔干湿程度，对吸水性强的干燥钻孔，应以净水湿润孔壁后装填，或在配浆时适当增加水量，以免孔壁大量吸收浆体中的水份，影响破碎效果。（10）按“先四周，后中央”的灌注顺序，灌浆时须连续成线，防止形成空气夹层。（11）对水平孔可选用药卷型破碎剂，亦可减少水灰比（），拌和均匀至呈湿而松散的面絮状或胶泥状后塞入钻孔，并用木棍层层捣实。在严冬或要求快速破碎时，亦可用此法加快开列速度。但要注意用草袋或纸板覆盖。4.2.药量计算静态爆破药量需基本填满空孔，用药量按照空孔总长计算，并随孔径、孔距而异，单位孔长装药量可参考表二选用，破碎剂总用药量Q可按下式计算： Q=V*q （v-破碎体体积，q-单位体积消耗破碎剂量Kg/m3）表二单位孔长装药量破碎体类别单位体积用药量(Kg/m3)软质岩石8-10中硬质岩石10-15硬质岩石12-20岩石切割5-15素混凝土8-15钢筋砼（布筋少）15-20钢筋砼（布筋多）20-30孤石5-104.3 配浆根据不同季节选用不同的静态破碎剂，水灰比越大，膨胀压力越小，反应膨胀时间越长。将破碎剂及清水按不同比例用机械或人工（须戴橡胶手套）在容器中搅拌成流动性的均匀浆体。4.4 填孔将孔内清理干净，注意不得有水或杂物。对于垂直孔，可直接倾倒进去，并用木棍捣实。对于水平孔或斜孔，可用挤压或灌浆泵压入孔内，并用快凝砂浆或泡沫塑料塞子迅速堵口，或用干稠的胶体（水灰比为）搓成条塞入孔中用木棍捣实，或将胶体装入塑料袋中，用木棍送入炮孔内。药面高度应比孔口低2cm。如采用分层（分次）破碎，当外排孔装药12h后，再装填里排孔。夏季或快速破碎时用草袋、纸板等物覆盖。搅拌后的浆体须尽可能的在浆体发烫前灌入钻孔内。4.5 养护春、夏、秋季及室内不必养护。冬季10以下用草袋等覆盖保温，待裂纹出现后，向孔上喷撒热水以加快裂缝增大速度。在负温下施工时，要覆盖保温，为加快破碎速度，可在静态破碎剂中加入1-2的盐，或用温水搅拌，或用电热法（即用0.5mm电热丝串并在220V可调变压器上，降至50-100V放入每个钻孔，保持浆体在40-50下水化）。4.6 注意事项（1）破碎剂呈碱性，对皮肤有轻度腐蚀，操作人员必须戴防护眼睛及乳胶手套，填充钻孔直至裂纹发生前勿对着孔口直视，以防发生的冲孔现象伤害眼睛。（2）搅拌后的浆体应在3min内填孔完毕，搅拌中发现浆体迅速升温且烫手变干，应将浆体舍弃不用。（3）不同型号破碎剂不可混用，严禁勾兑其它化学品。（4）严格防潮，拆包后尽量用完。（5）严禁在雨天施工。三、沟槽边坡修正、槽底整平、摊座施工普坚石采用静态爆破破碎后，采用小型风镐人工清理基底，光面摊座整平，允许超挖深度为200mm（按实签证）。4.7弃石运输根据现场的实际情况，将需利用的土石方调运至填方路堤段进行填筑，（发生厂内二次倒运按实签证），多余石方运输采用反铲挖掘机（1.2m3）装车，25t自卸汽车外运到甲方指定地点。（按实签证）。三成立施工技术、质量、安全领导小组（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the partys leadership and the partys basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the partys discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. the partys eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the four winds and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the partys close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the partys purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into general and special provisions and Supplementary Provisions Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party cons