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语法专题突破第一部分第一部分专题九并列句和状语从句专题九并列句和状语从句第第2讲状语从句讲状语从句 1(2016全国卷)Over time, 65._ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 【解析】句意:慢慢地,随着人口的增加(当人口增加时),为了使食物熟得更快,人们开始把食物切成小块儿。根据句意可知,空格处填as或者when,as/when引导时间状语从句。典题在线as/when 2(2016湖北八校联考)In addition, some sharp remarks, 67. _ they are eyecatching, may have misleading effects on the youth. 【解析】句意:除此以外,尽管某些尖锐的评论很吸引眼球,但或许会误导年轻人。根据句意,设空处引导让步状语从句,可用though,although或while引导。 3(2016全国卷)Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. 【解析】though与but不能用在同一个句子中。 【答案】去掉butthough/although/while 4(2016广东高三适应性测试)Because my arms looked weak, my mother trusted that I could hold the baby. 【解析】根据上下文的逻辑关系可知是“尽管我的手臂看上去很虚弱,妈妈还是相信我能够抱得动这个婴儿”,因此须用though或者although引导让步状语从句。 【答案】BecauseThough/Although 5(2016山东日照一模)I would have enjoyed a perfect afternoon unless it had not been for an unfortunate incident. 【解析】句意:如果当时没有遇到这么不幸的事,我会享受一个极好的下午。后句为前句的条件,所以用if。 【答案】unlessif 一、引导状语从句的从属连词核心考点从句类型从属连词时间状语从句when, while, as, after, before, since, till/until, once, as soon as, the moment/instant, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, directly, the first time等原因状语从句 as, because, since, now that等地点状语从句 where, wherever等目的状语从句 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等从句类型从属连词结果状语从句 so that, sothat, suchthat条件状语从句if, unless, so/as long as, in case, on condition that方式状语从句 as, as if/though, the way让步状语从句though/although, even if/though, however, whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/which比较状语从句 as, asas, not soas, than 二、各类状语从句 1时间状语从句 (1)when, while, as when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的。表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。 The firefly gives off its light only when it is on the wing. 只有在展翅飞行的时候,萤火虫才能发出亮光。 while强调主从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在,从句用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping. 正当兔子熟睡时,乌龟赢得了比赛。 as多用于主句和从句动作同时发生,意为“随着,一边一边”。 As I have grown older I have also grown smaller. 随着我年龄越来越大,我也变得越来越小。 (2)till/until till/until引导时间状语从句时,若主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,主句常用肯定形式;若主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词,主句常用否定形式。notuntil意为“直到才”。 Ill wait you here until you come back. 我会在这里等你,直到你回来。(wait表示的动作可以持续) He didnt go to bed until he had finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed表示的动作不能持续)till不可以置于句首,而until可以。对notuntil句式中的until引导的从句进行强调时,要将not与until放在一起进行强调。It is not until youve finished your work that you are allowed to play football.直到完成工作你才可以去踢球。 (3)before before引导时间状语从句时,常用于“It will/would(not) be一段时间before”句型中,其肯定句意为“一段时间后才”;否定句意为“用不了多长时间就”。before还可表示“还未来得及;还没有”,强调主句动作先于从句动作发生。 Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time before Brian gets back. 对不起让你久等了,但是布莱恩还要过一会儿才回来。 He had got on the train before I could say goodbye. 我还没来得及说再见,他就已上了火车。 (4)since since用于“It is/has been时间段since从句”句式中,意为“自从有多长时间了”。从句谓语是延续性动词时,表示该动作或状态的终止;是终止性动词时,表示该动作的开始。 It is/has been six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有6年的时间了。 He has gone fishing frequently since he was ill. 自从病好以来,他经常去钓鱼。 (5)表示“一就”的连词 表示此意义的连词主要有as soon as,immediately及起连词作用的名词短语the moment,the instant等,其引导的从句常表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生。 As soon as I heard my alarm clock, I jumped out of my bed. 我一听到闹铃就从床上跳起来了。 Hardly had I told him the news when he stopped listening. 我一告诉他那则消息他就不听了。 2原因状语从句 because表示直接原因,语气最强,常用来回答why的提问,可放于主句之前或之后。since表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,语气比because稍弱,通常置于句首。as表示比较明显的原因或是已知事实,所引导的从句常放在主句之前。 Im trying to lose weight because Im so ashamed of my body. 我正在努力减肥,因为我的体型让我觉得很难为情。 Since “life is a stage”, we are actually all actors and actresses. 既然“生活就是舞台”,那我们实际上都是演员。 Now that he has been so rude to us, I think we have to punish him. 既然他对我们粗暴无礼,我觉得我们得惩罚他一下。3地点状语从句Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.简在一小群男士聚集的地方停下来。Bring your own sunshine wherever you go.不论去哪里,总要带上自己的阳光。where引导定语从句与状语从句时的区别(1)where引导定语从句时,从句前有一个表示地点的名词作先行词,而状语从句前没有。(2)一般在地点状语从句的引导词where,wherever前面加to/in/from the place(s)便可变成定语从句。Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)你最好在有任何疑问的地方做个记号。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)你最好在有任何疑问的地方做个记号。 4目的状语从句 (1)in order that,so that 两个连词都意为“以便,为了”,引导的状语从句中需用can,may等情态动词,in order that比so that正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. 为了能看见日出,我们很早就向山顶进发。 Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time. 贝尔想改进它,以便它能同时发出好几条信息。 (2)for fear that,in case 这两组连词意为“以防,唯恐”,引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him. 那个男孩儿藏在树后面,唯恐他父亲看见他。 5结果状语从句 so/suchthat表示“如此以至于”。so修饰形容词或副词,such修饰名词,that引出结果状语从句。 Twain loved the river so much that even his pen name was about the river. 马克吐温非常喜爱这条河,以至于他的笔名也与此相关。 There was such a terrible snowstorm that I could hardly see it. 这么可怕的暴风雪我几乎没见过。(1)当such后是单数可数名词且该名词前有形容词修饰时,so与such可以互换,即“sucha(n)形容词单数可数名词”可以换成“so形容词a(n)单数可数名词”。(2)so that既可以引导目的状语从句,也可引导结果状语从句。但在结果状语从句中,一般不用may,can等情态动词。 6条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless,so long as,on condition that,suppose/supposing(that)等。unless与ifnot常可互换,但unless语气较强。在unless引导的从句中,谓语动词不能用否定式。 Students need a high school diploma if they want to go to college. 学生们如果想上大学,他们就需要一张高中文凭。 No one becomes rich unless he enriches another. 只有让他人变得富有,自己才会富有。 As long as the films quality meets our standards, we include it. 只要电影的质量达到了我们的标准,我们就把它列入评选范围。(1)如果only if引导的条件状语从句位于主句之前,主句用部分倒装;如果only if引导的条件状语从句位于主句之后,主句要用正常语序。Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.你只有努力学习才能通过考试。The lawyer is paid only if he wins.律师只有打赢官司才会被付费。(2)当主句是将来时态时,条件状语从句常用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨,否则明天我就去那儿。 7方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as,as if/though。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if/though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但若句中的内容与事实相符或实现的可能性较大,也可用陈述语气。 Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望别人怎样待你,你就要怎样待别人。 I remember it as if it happened yesterday. 我记得这件事,仿佛是昨天发生的。 8让步状语从句 (1)although,though although与though意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。 Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大,他们还在继续踢足球。 (2)even though, even if 这两个短语表示语气更强的让步,意为“即使”。 She insisted on her own opinion even though/even if she was wrong. 即使错了,她依然坚持自己的观点。 (3)as as引导的让步状语从句必须是以部分倒装的形式出现,从句中的表语、状语或谓语部分的实义动词要前置到句首。若作表语的名词前有冠词,需要去掉冠词。有时though也可以这样用。 Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它,但我不会买它,因为太贵了。 Child as/though he was, he was able to stand on his own feet. 尽管还是个孩子,他已经能够独立生活了。 (4)while while所引导的让步状语从句通常位于主句之前。 While I am willing to help you, I do not have enough time. 尽管我愿意帮你,可是我没有足够的时间。 (5)“疑问词ever”类词 “疑问词ever”类词引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter相应的疑问词”。 However/No matter how different we may appear to be first, we are all the same, all equal. 无论起初我们看上去有什么不同,然而我们的本质一样,每个人都是平等的。 Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. 出生时,会给每个人一个电话号码,不管他们住在哪里,这个号码都不会更改。【温馨提示】“no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词ever”还可以引导名词性从句。Whoever wants to go can write your name down here. 任何想去的人都可以把名字写在这里。(Whoever不可替换成No matter who)(6)whetheror(not)whetheror(not)意为“不管,还是”,引导包含选择范围的让步状语从句。Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。 1并列句和状语从句中的连词是语法填空题中常考点之一。连词分为并列连词和从属连词,常考的并列连词有and,but,or,so,while,when等;常考的从属连词有if, although/though, once,unless,when,where,since,before,after,because,as等。若设空处在两个或两个以上单词或短语之间或两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间,并且中间没有连词、分号或句号,则一定是填并列连词或从属连词。 2短文改错中对于连词的考查主要涉及连词使用不当,缺少连词以及多余连词(although/though/while不与but连用;since/as/because不与so连用)等情况。状元策略对点巩固专题对点特训专题对点特训
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