过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容

过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意 下列几点：一、理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点过去分词作表语和定语常常表示被动的和完成的动作。He used to belo ng to the exploited class.过去他属于被剥削阶级。The polluted river gives off a terrible smell.这条被污染的河发出臭味。典型考例：1. Dont use words, expressi ons, or phrases only to people withspecific kno wledge.A. being knownB. hav ing bee n knownC. to be knownD. known |析：D。此处并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作，因此应填过去分词known 作定语。2. The first textbooks for teachi ng En glish as a foreig n Ian guage cameout in the 16th cen tury.A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written析：D。第一批课本是被与的，所以应填过去分词written作疋语，表示元成的、被动的动作。值得注意的是，有些过去分词（词组）因来自系表结构而不含被动色彩，如dressedlike, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost /absorbed in 等。例如：Do you kn ow the man seated on that stone?你认识坐在那块石头上的那个人1. The pilot asked all the passe ngers on board to rema in as the pla newas making a landing.A. seat B. seati ng C. seated D. to be seat ing析：C o remain seated 为系表结构，不具有被动色彩。一些表示情绪、情感的过去分词作表语和定语时也不具备被动色彩。例如：He felt puzzled at what she said.听到她的话他感到很迷惑。The excited people fin ally cooled dow n.激动的人们终于冷静了下来。典型考例：2. -Im verywith my own cook in g. It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm. It does have asmell.A. pleasa nt; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasa nt; pleasa ntD. pleased; pleasa nt析：D。第一空应填pleased，表满意的情绪；第二空应填pleasant，表令人愉快的。二、掌握过去分词作表语和定语的创新形式1. get done 也可构成被动语态，相当于 be done。例如：His right hand got burnt in that big fire.他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤。She got murdered last year. 去年她被谋杀了。典型考例：1. -How are the team play ing?-Theyre play ing well, but one of themhurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. were析：A。语境逻辑提示该空表过去被弄伤。2. As we joined the big crowd I gotfrom my frie nds.A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed析：A。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，该空表示被分离，词组getseparated.from 表示与分开。3. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you mayrunover by a car.A. have B. get C. become D. tur n析：B。语境逻辑制约该空表示被小汽车碾过去，应填get o2. 过去分词作非限制性定语。过去分词可作非限制性定语，因其不属于被修饰名词不可缺少的定语，前面常有逗号与被修饰名词隔开。典型考例：1. Mr. Smith,of thespeech, started to read a no vel.A. tired; bori ng B. tiri ng; bored C. tired; bored D. tiri ng; bori ng析：Ao第一空应填tired ,来源于系表结构be tired of ;第二空表令人感到枯燥的， 应填现在分词boring。2. The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C., did n ot in clude wome n playersun til 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing析：Co分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表公元前776年第一次被举行，应填过去分词first played作非限制性定语。三、弄清过去分词作表语和定语的位置单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词前边，过去分词短语作定语应放在被修饰的名词后边。过去分词作表语时，应放在连系动词后面，但有时过去分词和连系动词之 间有副词隔开。例如：This is the wou nded soldier.这就是那个受伤的战士。This is the soldier wou nded in the battle.这就是在战场上受伤的战士。En glish is widely used all over the world.英语在全世界得到广泛使用。This package was properly marked with the n ame and date. 这个包裹被适当地标 明了名字和日期。典型考例：1. Most of the artiststo the party were from South Africa.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited析：A。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表被邀请，所以应用过去分词短语invited to the party作后置定语。2. Prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower tha n storeprices.A. are bought B. bought C. bee n bought D. buying析：B。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表通过电脑购买，goods与buy之间是被动关 系，所以应用过去分词短语bought through a computer作后置定语。过去分词作表语和定语练与析：1.1 dont know the girlin the snow storm.A. to catch B. caught C. catchi ng D. to be catchi ng2. The girldow n by a car was dying.A. knock B. knocking C. kno cked D. to knock3. The foreig n guests,by some artists, came out of the hall.A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed4. This is the problemso quickly last eve ning.A. hav ing bee n settled B. settle C. be settled D. settled5. There was anlook on his face whe n the actress appeared.A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement6. The childre nat the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.A. to exam ine B. exam ined C. exam ine D. exam ining7. He was disappo in ted at his suggesti onsby them yesterday.A. bee n tur ned dow n B. tur ned dow n C. to be tur ned dow n D. to tur n dow n8. This is the packagelast ni ght.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed9. Isla nd is a small piece of landby water.A. surro un ded B. surro unding C. to be surro un ded D. being surro un ded10. The man agers will aga in discuss the pla nlast week.A. carried out B. carry ing out C. carry out D. to carry out11. After the heavy rain, many cars gotin the mud.A. catch B. catchi ng C. caught D. being caught12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got.A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed13. Whe n I went in, they werein a heated discussi on.A. absorb B. absorbed C. absorb ing D. being absorbed14. The thief seemsin that cave. Lets go and see.A. hidde n B. hide C. hidi ng D. to hide答案与解析：1. B。小女孩被困在暴风雪中，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。2. C。小女孩是被小汽车撞倒的，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。3. C。外宾被艺术家跟随着，应使用过去分词作后置定语，该句可改成：Some artists ,following the foreign guests ，came out of the hall.4. D。问题是被解决的，句末的时间状语决定了此处应用过去分词作后置定语。5. A。激动的表情应为excited look，一些短语中过去分词和现在分词的使用是约定俗成的，应加以记忆，如：worried look （忧虑的表情），a puzzled girl（迷惑的女孩），trembl ing voice / lips（ 颤抖的嗓音 / 嘴唇）,shaki ng han ds（颤抖的双手）,gen erally speaking（ 一般说来）,judging from / by（根据判断）等等。6. B。孩子们与检查之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语，7. B。建议是被拒绝的，应用过去分词作后置定语。8. D。包裹是被称的，应用过去分词作后置定语。9. A。岛是被水包围的，所以应使用过去分词作后置定语。10. A。计划是被完成的，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。11. C。get caught，被动语态，被阻塞。12. C。get killed，被动语态,被杀。13. B。be absorbed in 意为全神贯注于之中。14. A。hidden表藏着；躲着，没有被动之意。