初中英语新课标版中考总复习冲刺材料

初中英语（新课标版）中考总复习冲刺材料【初中英语词组总结】、find 、feel 、listen to1 （see 、hear、notice2（比较级 and 比较级）3 a piece of cake =easy4 agree with sb赞成某人5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样整个世界eg : I will go alo ng with you我将和你一起去学生同老师们一起种树表示越来越怎么样小菜一碟（容易）6 all over the world = the whole world7 along with 同. 一道，伴随the stude nts pla nted trees along with their teachers8 As soon as一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see你是知道的10 ask for求助11 ask sb for sth12 ask sb to do sth13 at the age of14 at the begi nning of15 at the end of + 地点 /+ 时间向要（直接接想要的东西）向某人什么询问某人某事在岁时look at（感官动词）+do eg:l like watch ing mon keys jumpeg :ask you for my bookask sb not to do叫某人不要做某事eg : I amsixteen 的起初； 的开始最后；尽头；末尾I am at the age of sixtee neg : At the end of the day16 at this time of year在每年的这个时候17 be /feel con fide nt of sth /that clause + 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信I feel that I can pass the testeg : I am / feel con fide nt of my spoke n En glish18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时19 be able to 什 v 原）=can 什 v 原） 能够.eg :She is able to sing20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing21 be afraid to do （of sth恐惧，害怕 . eg : Im afraed to go out at night22 be allowed to do被允许做什么She can singrm afraid of dogeg:rmallowed to watch TVto watch TV我应该被允许看电视23 be an gry with sb生某人的气24 be angry with（at） sb for doing sth25 be as原级as和什么一样我被允许看电视eg : Dont be angry with me为什么而生某人的气eg : She is as tall as me她和我一样高should be allowed26 be ashamed to27 be away from28 be away from29 be bad for不好远离从对什么有害 eg : Read ing books in the sun is bad for your eyes离开在太阳下看书对你的眼睛30 be born 出生于31 be busy doi ng sth忙于做什么事32 be careful 当心；小心33 be differe nt from .和什么不一样著名 对某人友好34 be famous for35 be frien dly to sbbe busy with sth忙于36 be from = come from来自 eg : He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from BejingDoes hebe filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water将来时40 be good at（+doing） = do well in在某方面善长 ,善于41 be good for对什么有好处eg : Readi ng aloud is good for your En glish42 be happy to do43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Readi ng aloud is helpful to you大声朗读对你有好处Exercisi ng is helpful to your bady锻炼对你的身体有好处44 be in good health身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in troubleThey are in tron ble46 be in terested in对某方面感兴趣47 be late for = come late to迟至 Ueg: Be late for class上课迟至 U48 be like 像. eg : rm like my mother49 be mad at生某人的气50 be made from 由.制成（制成以后看不见原材料）51 be made of由.制成（制成以后还看得见原材料 ）52 be not sure 表不确定63 be strict with sb in sth64 be supposed to do65 be sure 表确定53 be on a visit to54 be popular with sb55 be quiet 安静57 be sick in bed参观受某人欢迎56 be short for表* 的缩写生病在床eg:陶 is short for 陶俊杰58 be sorry to do sth59 be sorry to hear that60 be sorry to trouble sb61 be strict in doing62 be strict with sb不严格be sorry for sbeg : I am sorry for youeg : I am sorry to trouble yousth严于做某事eg : Hes strict in obey ing no les对某人要求严格eg: Some stude nts are not strict with them selves这些学生对自己66 be sure of doing sth67 be sure of sth68 be sure that sth对做某事有信心对做某事有信心对做某事有信心69 be sure to do stheg: He is sure of winningI am sure of lear ning En glish welleg: rm sure of my head （my teacher我相信我的大脑（老师）eg: rm suer that he can pass the test我相信他能通过考试我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure tolearn En glish well70 be terrified of +一定会做某事 eg: We are sure to pass the test我们一定能学好英语名/动 doing害怕.71 be terrified to do sth72 be the same as害怕做某事和什么一样 习惯做某事73 be used to doing stheg: My father is used to gett ing up early74 be worth doi ng值得做什么75 be（feel） afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句我爸爸习惯早 He is used to sleep ing in class他习惯上课睡觉come from Beji ng ?37 be full of 装满的38 be glad+to+do/ 从句39 be going to + v（ 原）the glass is filled with water很高兴做某事某方面对某人严格被要求干什么36 be from = come from来自 eg : He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from BejingDoes he76 because+ 句子 because of + 短语eg : He was late because he had a headacheHe was late because of his headache77 beg in to do = start to do开始做某事startwith=beginwith 以什么开始什么eg : Lets begi n the game with the songI begi n to go home78 betweenand两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向.借. lend sth to sb （ lend sb sth借给.什么东西eg : I borrowed a pen from himhe lent a pen to me （ he lent me a pen80 both = the same（as） = not differe nt（from） 表相同81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : rm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the statio n我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problem has bee n botheri ng me for weeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了Hes bothering me to lend him money91 con sider + doing考虑做什么eg : Why not con sider going to lu zhou为什么不考虑去泸州？92 dance to 随着. 跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93 decide to do sth决定做某事94 do a survey of做某方面的调查95 do better in 在.方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Dont forget to do sth不要忘了做某事98 Dont mind +doing / 从句/名词不要介意 .99 each + 名（单）每一个 eg : Each student has many books每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing101 enjoy +doi ng 喜欢102 escape from 从.逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from离某地远eg : The school is far from my home107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book in terest ing109 finish 完成 +doing （名词）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb适合某人111 forget to do没有做而忘了forget doing做了而又忘了eg: Dont forget to go home I forgetclos ing door112 fromto从某某到某某eg: From me for her82 by the end of到.为止83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang84 care 关心85 catch up with sb89 come up witheg : Dont you care about this coun trys future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来赶上某人和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地过来提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗?90 com muni cate withsb和某人交流36 be from = come from来自 eg : He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from BejingDoes he113 get /have sth down做完，被（别人）做 eg: I have my hair cut我理了发（头发被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job115 get alo ng well with sb = get o n well with sb与某人相处得好116 get alo ng with sb = get o n with sb 与某人相处117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in totrouble给某人麻119 get sb to do sth120 get from 从某处得到某物121 give a talk做报告eg:He is give a tall122 give sth to sbgive sb sth给某人某物123 go fish 钓鱼go swimmi ng 游泳124 go on to do去做下一件事go on doi ng继续做这件事143 How about (+doi ng) = What about(+doi ng)144 how do you like = what do you thi nk of你对什么的看法145 if :是否=wethereg: I dont know if (wether) I should go to the party我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会He dont know if (wether) we will arrive on timetomorrow morni ng他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if :如果，假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句eg:Ill go to LuZhou if it doest rain假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州If they cha nge the plan they will let me know假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的Ill go to En gla nd ,if I have en ough mo ney next year如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国147 in on es opinion = sb think 某人认为148 in some ways在某些方面125 go out away from126 go to school127 good way to128 hate to do129 have a party for sb130 have a talkgo out of上学（用于专业的）go to the school好方法讨厌没做过的事hate doing举办谁的晚会去学校（不一定是上学）讨厌做过的事131 have bee n doingsince听报告 谈一谈现在完成进行时eg :You have bee n talkingYou have bee n sleeping132 have been to133 have fun +do ing134 have sth to do(地方) 玩得高兴 有什么事要做去过某过地方 have gone to （地方）去了某地还没回来eg: I have a lot of homework to do135 have to do sth必须做某事我有很多家庭作业要做I have nothing to do我没什么事情做136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth做什么事情有麻烦137 have time +doing138 have(时间)off 放139 hear sb +do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot很大用处141 help sb with sth on es sth帮助某人某事(某方面)142 hope to do sth希望做某事eg: I have month off我请一个月得假help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某Tom got his bad tooth pulled out汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）149 in the end = fin ally(adv)最后他们把石油价增加了 3%eg :Theyv我想要苹果，而不要梨子我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学in troduce on eself自我介绍155 in vite sb to do sth156 It takes sb sometime to do sth做某人花掉某人多少时间eg : It took me 5 minu tes to do my homeworkIt takes me half an hour to cook157 Its +adj +for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样158 Its +adj +to do做某事怎么样159 Its +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样Its+adj160 Its +adj（for sb） to do （对某人来说）做某事怎么样事太怎么样of sb对某人来说太怎么样Its +adj of sb to do sth对某人来说做某eg : Its nice of you to help me with my En glish161 Its a good idea for sb to do sth对. 来说是个好主意162 Its importa nt to sb对某人来说很重要eg: Its importa nt to me163 Its time to do sthIts time for sth到了该去做某事的时间Its time for class该去上课了Its time for sth168 keep sb adj让保持eg :I want to keep my mother happykeep healthy保持健康169 key to + 名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案170 key to an sertokey可以是答题或钥匙171 laugh at 取笑.eg :Dont langh at othersWe Ian ghed at the joke172 lear n by on eslfe自学173 lear n from sb向某人学习eg:We should lear n from Lei Feng174 learn to do sth学做某事175 let sb do sth让某人做某事176 Let sb dow n让某人失望egWe should nt let our farents down我们不应该让我们的父母失望177 live from :离某地远178 live in + 大地万 /at +小地万居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhouShe lives at Xua nTan179 look after = take care of照顾照看180 lose on es way谁迷路eg : Lose your way你迷路182 make frie nds with sbeg :I want to make friends with you183 make it early 把时间定的早一点184 make on exhibiti on of on eself让某人出洋相使什么成为什么eg : I made her my step mollerI made you my wife使某人（某物）怎么样eg :You must made your bed clea n185 make sb /n +n186 make sb /sth +adj150 in the north of 什么在什么的北方151 in the sun 在太阳下152 in crease 增加（north 北sowth 南 west 西 east 东）让什么保持什么样?不让进入181 make a decisi on to do stheg : Its time to have class164join = take part in参加165just now 刚才166 keep +sb /sth +adj / 介词短语167 keep out决定做某事和谁成为朋友使某人/某物怎么样让某人做某事 eg : I made him write我以前让他写be made up of （被动语态）由 .组成eg:I did nt sleep un til my mother came backThe child did nt stop crying un til I give her sugar205 offer / provide sb with sth给某人提供206 offer sb sth （ offer sth to sb提供什么东西给某人eg : I offer you water （I offer water to you我给你提供水207 on on es way to 在谁去那的路上208 on the one hand 方面on the other hand另一方面209 on the phone = over the pho ne用电话交谈210 on time 准时 in time 及时211 one day = some day = someday 一天，有一天187 make sb /sth adj188 make sb do sth189 make up190 make differeneeto191 mind sb to do192 most + 名193 much too + 形容词定mind on es doing介意most of + 代做什么194 must be195 need + 名词196 need sb do sth197 need to do （实义动词）198 no /neithr of hate to do199 no +名词需要某人做某事need do （情态动词）no /n eithr of hate doing再也不200 not anymore = no more也不哭201 not 形、副）at all202 notat all 一点都不203 not either 表否定，也不 eg : I dont japanse either直到.才.204 not untileg: He did nt cry any moreeg: Hes not tall at allHe cried no moreshe does nt junp far at allI dont have sister, either他再我也没有姐姐212 one of +可数名词的复数形式213 one to an other一个到另一个prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意 eg: I prefer her not to come我不喜欢她不来223 prete nd to do sth 装着去做什么 prete nd that 从句eg : The two cheats prete nded to be work ing very hard这两个骗子装着努力工作He prete nded that he did not know the an swer他装着不知道答案224 rather tha n 宁可.也不.eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher我愿肯当医生，也不当老师He likes dogs rather than cats他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫225 regard as 把. 当作.eg: Please give my best regards to your family请带我向你的家人我最好的问候I regard you as my friend我把你当作我的朋友He shows little regard for others他不爱关心别人226 remid sb about sth提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth提醒某人做某事eg : he remids me about cook ing (he remids me to cook他提醒我做饭227 remid sb of sth使某人想起什么eg : the pictures remind me of my school days这照片使我想起了我的学校the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother228 return sth to sb还什么东西给某人229 say to on eself对自己说230 say to sb 对某人说231 sb spend somemo ney on sth花了多少钱在某事上232 sb spend sometime with sb花了多少时间陪谁233 sb spend sometime(i n) doi ng sth花了多少时间做某事234 sb with sb +issb and sb +are235 see sb do看见某人做过某事see sb doing看见某人正在做某事236 seem to do/be +adj显得怎么样eg :You seem to be tiredYou seem to be happy237 send +sb sth送给某人某物214 over andeg : He clea ned the floor over and over agi n215 part-time job兼职工作fall-time job216 pay for 付.钱pay the bill217 please +do218 please help yourself219 pleased with sb220 pool into = pore into221 practice +doi ng练习做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相对.更喜欢.欢物理prefer doing to sth更喜欢去做 不愿意去做 全职工作开钱，付钱eg : I prefer physics to chemisty在物理和化学中，我更喜eg: He prefers ridi ng a bike to divi ng他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做 也不愿eg:My unde prefers to buy a now car rather tha n repaiv the used one去修旧车我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不238 sendto把什么寄到哪里去？239 shock 使.震惊 eg : Oh , Its only you ! You give me a shock啊，是你呀！吓我一跳240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物eg : I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb拿什么东西给某人看eg: Show me your penShow your pen tome242 show sth to sb向某人展示某物eg : I show the book to her.243 some - others 一些.另一些.244 start with 从. 开始beginwith 从.开始245 stay away from 远离.eg : Were told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo当我们参观 zoo 时，我们要远离动物If you want to lose weight youd better stay auay from the sweet food徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食246 stop doi ng 停下正在做的事247 stop sb from doi ng sth阻止某人做某事248 stop sb(from) doi ng阻止某人做某事249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事250 such +名这样 ，这种251 suit sb适合某人252 surprise sb使某人惊奇to on es surprise令某人惊奇253 take classes 上课254 take sb to 把某人带去eg : I take you to the hospital= go for a walk256 talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you和某人说话教某人做某事告诉某人做某事tell sb that 丛句255 take walks = take a walk257 talk with sb258 teach sb sth259 tell sb do sth260 tell sb sth261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事告诉某人做什么262 tell sb to do sth263 tell from 264 tha nk you for +do ing265 the same + 名词（doing）+as .266 the same （名）as as（adj adv）267 the way to do sth散步 talk with talk abouttell sb not to do sthtell sb not to do sth和谁说 eg : I talk with him谈论关于tell a story告诉某人不要做什么as 相同=the way of doing st 做某方面 的方法 the way to +地方去哪的路Do you know the way of lear ning En glishe g :Do you know the way to lear n En glish268 the way to （地点） 到哪的269 tooto太怎样而不能 . adj +enough to 足够 能sothat +丛句eg: He is too young to go to school= He is so young that he cant go to schoolHe is old eno ugh to go to school= He is so old that he can go to school270 transalte .into .把什么翻译成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese271 travel with sb和某人去旅游272 try on es best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to lear n En glish well273 try to do sth想干什么，但没成功try doi ng sth想干什么，eg : He tried to climb他想爬上去，但没成功He tried climbing274 try 试衣服 have a try 试一下275 turn down 开小 turn up 开大turn on 打开 open拆开倒着参观某个地方等某人已经做过了他想爬上去，已经做过了276 turn off 关上277 upside down278 visit to 279 wait for sb【初中英语语法总结】【1 一般现在时的用法】1） 经常性或习惯性的动作， 常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: 例如：every ,sometimes, at ,on Sun day。I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如:The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。3） 表示格言或警句。例如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例： Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：I dont want so much. 我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。比较： Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的 now 是进行 时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。【2 一般过去时的用法 】1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in1982 等。例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。3） 句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到.时间了 ” ”该.了。例如：It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。It is time that sb. did sth.时间已迟了 ” ” 早该. 了，例如 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示 宁愿某人做某事 。例如： Id rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都 已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如： I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较： Christine was an invalid all her life. （含义：她已不在人间。 ）Christine has been an invalid all her life. （含义：她现在还活着）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。 ）Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。2）情态动词 could, would 。例如：Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？【3 used to / be used to 】used to + do： 过去常常 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。be used to + doing :对.已感到习惯，或”习惯于”，to 是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。典型例题- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过 去时。【 4 一般将来时】1） shall 用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：Which paragraph shall I read first ？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？2） be going to + 不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如： What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如： The play is going to be produced next month 。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如： Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3 ） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday .我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意： be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。【 5 be going to / will 用于条件句时， be going to 表将来 ,will 表意愿。 】 例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.【6 be to 和 be going to】be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事， be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。 （客观安排）Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。 （主观安排）【 7 一般现在时表将来 】1） 下列动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来， 主要用来表示在时间上已确定 或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2） 以 here, there 等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。3）在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes （不是 will come ） , ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。4）在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等的宾语从句中。例如：I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。【8 用现在进行时表示将来 】下列动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？【9 现在完成时 】现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态， 其结果的影响现在还存在； 也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have （ has） +过去分词。【 10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时】1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过 去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now 等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always 等，皆不确 定的时间状语。共同的时间状语： this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。3） 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 。4） 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等例如：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）5)句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960 )时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.【11. 比较 since 和 for 】Since 用来说明动作起始时间， for 用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。 注意：并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。 ）I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有 for/since结构的完成时中的误用。1） （对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.【 12. since 的四种用法】1)since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six )。例如：I have been here since 1989. 1989 起，我一直在这儿。2)since +一段时间 + ago