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北师大版北师大版2012届高三英语一轮单元复习课件届高三英语一轮单元复习课件必修二必修二 unit 4 Cyberspacelikely, probable与possible 三者均表可能性， 但意思上有一点点区别。possible指客观上有可能性， 但往往含有希望很小的意思；probable比possible可能性大， 表“很有可能， 大概”， 指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理；likely是从外表迹象进行判断有可能发生的事。1、辨析 It is possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来， 但也不一定准会来。 The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired. 他失败大概是太累了的原因。 Shes very likely to ring me tonight. 今晚她很可能给我来电话。 句型结构上的异同 It is possible/probable/likely that S. V It is possible for sb. to do sth. sb./sth. is likely to do sth. It is possible for me to do it. 我可能做那件事。 (不能说Im possible to do it.) It is most likely that he will come this afternoon.He is most likely to come this afternoon.今天下午他很有可能会来。名词前有all, every, the only, the best或其他形容词最高级修饰时， possible宜置于名词之后， 作后置定语。 This is the only way possible. 这是唯一可能的方法。可以说Ill study as hard as possible(as I can). 不能说Ill study hard as possible as I can. probable也不能用人作主语或构成复合宾语，表示某人做某事， 只能用It is probable that句型。 It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think. 花费很可能比我们料想的要大。完成句子。1. 在月球上生活是不可能的。 Its not possible to live on the moon. 2. 你可能已经把它忘记了。Youre likely to have forgotten about it. 2、come true His wish to be an actor has come true. 他想当演员的愿望实现了。come true与realizecome true指愿望实现， 预言成真， 不可用于被动语态。realize是及物动词， 可用于被动语态。汉译英。1. 我希望他成为钢琴家的梦想可以成真。 I hope his dream of becoming a pianist will come true/will be realized. 2. 她为了实现她的梦想而努力工作。 She worked hard to realize her dream. 3、cause vt. 引起的发生， 导致cause sth. “引起的发生”， 同义短语为bring about Carelessness can cause big problems. 粗心大意会导致大问题。cause sb. sth. 带给某人某事， 指产生的结果与人有关 His cheating in the exam caused his teachers much unhappiness. 他在考试中作弊弄得老师们很不愉快。cause, reason 与excuse cause “原因，起因”，常指造成某一事实或产生某种结果的直接原因，后可接介词for和of。cause for后接表示忧虑、埋怨、惊恐等感情的词， 如cause for anger/regret/anxiety/complaint(生气/后悔/忧虑/埋怨的原因)；cause of后接感觉以外的名词，如：cause of the delay/the noise/the fighting/the disaster(耽搁/噪音/打架/灾难的原因)。 reason指在事实的基础上通过逻辑判断出来的理由， 常与for短语连用；reason可以作动词， 意为“推理， 推论， 评理， 劝说”。 She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train. 她断定准是把包落在火车上了。reason from general laws从一般规律推论reason with sb. for/against sth. 为了赞成/反对而与某人评理excuse表示“辩解， 借口”， 指为某一行为所做的解释， 可以是真的， 也可以是托词。 make up an excuse编造一个借口 用cause, reason和excuse填空。1. Too much work is no excuse for not studying. 2. Heart trouble is one of the most serious causes of death among old people. 3. We have no reason to disbelieve him. 4. The shaking of his hands caused the old teacher to give up teaching. 5. I tried to reason with him, but he wouldnt listen. 4、flood n. 洪水， 水灾 The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm. 暴风雨后的洪水冲毁了这座城镇。 v. 淹没， 溢出Every spring the river floods the valley. 每年春天河水把山谷淹没。 a flood of sth. 表示大量的、大批的， 后可接可数名词或不可数名词，如：a flood of anger 大发雷霆；a flood of letters 大量的来信5、affect v. 影响；使感动；故作，假装 Simon affected boredom to make me think he didnt care. 西蒙假装厌烦，让我以为他(对这件事)不在乎。affect, influence, effect与impactaffect所指的影响往往较大， 一般引起反应， 有时指不利影响。Bright light affects our eyesight. 强光影响我们的视力。influence是指通过说服、举例等方法对行为、思想、性格等产生潜移默化的长期影响。His fathers words have a great influence on him. 他父亲的话对他有很大的影响。 effect是affect的名词， 指效果和影响。 impact指重大打击或冲击。用affect, influence, effect, impact填空。1. Under the influence of his uncle, he became a great pianist. 2. Warnings about the dangers of smoking seem to have little impact on this age group. 3. The advertising campaign had much effect on sales. 4. Dont let me influence your decision. 6、offer vt. 提供， 提出某物供考虑；出价 offer sb. sth. offer sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物 offer sth. for some money offer some money for sth. 给某物开出了的价钱， 某物要价 offer to do 自愿提出帮忙、资助、要求等 offer ones hand 伸出手和某人握手 offer ones hand in marriage 向求婚 n. 开出的价钱， 如：a special offer 特价完成句子。1. 她为寻回遗失的项链提出以酬金答谢。She offered a reward for the return of her lost necklace. 2. 她已经出价10, 000英镑买那栋房子。She has offered 10, 000 pounds for that house. 3. 他总是乐意帮助别人。He always offers to help others. 7、as if/as though It looks/seems as if as if引导的是表语从句。从句所表示的情况接近事实， 句子要用陈述语气；否则， 用虚拟语气。It seems as if they know him. (接近事实， 真实情况) It seems as though it were already winter. (虚拟语气) as if/as though引导方式状语从句， 修饰主句中的谓语， 此时从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。在“as if/as though”引导的状语从句中， 谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost. 他吓得直哆嗦， 就好像看见了鬼一样。翻译句子。1. 海水看起来好像不干净， 不能游泳。 It looks as if it isnt clean enough to swim in the sea. 2. 好像她已出去好几天了。 It looks as if shes gone away for a few days. 3. 他似乎是个万事通。 It seems as if he knew everything. 8、feel like 想要；感觉像，摸上去像；感觉自己是(某一种人) He didnt feel like going to work.他不想去工作。以下结构也可表示“愿意干”：would like to do sth. 愿意做某事 I would like to have a talk with you. 我想和你谈谈。would prefer to do than do I would prefer to study alone at home than study in groups. 我宁愿自己单独在家学习也不愿进行小组学习。 9、It isadj. that从句 “It isadj. that从句”是一个常用句型。可用于此句型的形容词有necessary, possible, impossible, clear, obvious, certain, hard, difficult, easy, important, strange, natural等， 其中形容词是用来描述从句的内容。It is possible that he left his keys in the office. 很可能他把钥匙忘在办公室了。 另注意在此类主语从句中如果表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)do”。 Its very important that we teach the children about road safety. 把交通安全常识教给孩子们是非常重要的。 it作为形式主语的其他句型：Itbeadj. (for sb.) to do sth. To do sth. isadj. 常用于此句型中作表语的形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, common, possible, necessary, important等。 It is not difficult to work out the problem. To work out the problem is not difficult. 要解决这个问题并不太难。 Itbeadj. ofsb. to do sth. Sb. beadj. to do sth. 常用于此句型中的形容词有good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, impolite等描述人物的形容词。 Its very kind of you to lend me your pen. You are very kind to lend me your pen. 你借给我钢笔真是太好了。 Itbe名词词组to do sth. To do sth. is名词词组 常用于此句型的名词词组有：a pity, a pleasure, good advice, the custom, good/bad manners等。 Before entering a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off your shoes. Before entering a house in some Asian countries, to take off your shoes is good manners. 在某些亚洲国家， 进屋子之前脱下鞋子是礼貌的。 Itbe过去分词that从句Sb. be过去分词to do sth. 常用于此句型的动词有：report, know, say, believe, tell, prove, hope, expect, think等。 It is known that the Chinese are industrious people. The Chinese are known to be industrious people. 众所周知，中国人民是一个勤劳的民族。Itbenon. doing sth. ，用于此句型的名词有good, use, point等。 It is no good reading under the sun. 在太阳底下读书是没有好处的。It动词that (as if)从句，用于此句型的动词有look, seem, appear, happen等。 It looks as if it will rain before long. 看起来一会儿就要下雨了。汉译英。1.犯这样一个错误你太愚蠢了。 It was foolish of you to make such a mistake./You were foolish to make such a mistake. 2.据说他在这次英语竞赛中获得了第一名。 It was said that he had won the first prize in the English competition./He was said to have won the first prize in the English competition. 3.抱怨是没用的。 It is no point complaining. 10、suggest v. suggest (doing) sth. 表示“建议(做)某事”。 I suggested going for a walk. 我建议去散步。If this is not convenient, please suggest another date. 要是这个日期不方便，那就请另选一个日子吧。suggest that sb. (should) do sth./sth. (should) be done Our manager suggested that all the staff in the company (should) learn how to use the Internet. 我们经理建议公司所有员工应学习如何使用因特网。suggest 意为“暗示， 表明”时，如果后面接宾语从句， 其谓语动词通常不用should动词原形， 而用陈述语气。完成句子。1. 他的脸色表明他不是很高兴。His face suggested that he was unhappy. 2. 他的口音表明他是一个美国人。His accents suggest that he is an American. 3. 我建议他用另一种方式处理这个问题。 I suggested that he (should) tackle the problem in another way. I suggested his/him tackling the problem in another way. average, general与common average作名词时有“平均、平均数”。The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 4、5、9 三个数的平均数是 6。on average 平均来看an average of 平均有 We have many books and we have an average of 35 books per person.我们有很多书，每人平均有35本。11、辨析 作形容词时表示“一般的， 普通的， 中等的， 平均的”average person 普通人、老百姓children of average intelligence智力一般的孩子general指“整体的， 总体的”， 强调共性， 与individual相对。common 共同的，常见的 common sense常识12、We would not_only be able to travel around the world, but_also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to. (P12) 我们不仅可以环游世界，而且可以在我们想去的任何一所世界著名学府学习。 not onlybut (also)意为“不但而且”， 常用来连接两个对等的成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时， 谓语动词的数应与最近的主语一致。 Not only you but (also) I am a teacher. 不仅你而且我也是一名老师。当not onlybut (also)连接两个并列分句且not only置于句首时， not only分句常采用部分倒装语序。 Not only does he work hard, but he is (also) very clever. 他不仅学习刻苦， 而且还很聪明。13、But I still find it hard to imagine.(P12) 但我仍然觉得这很难想象。 find/think/feel/consider/make/believe it adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 这个结构中it是形式宾语， 真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。I find it very difficult to write letters in Chinese. 我发现用汉语写信很困难。汉译英。1. 我发现完成这项工作很容易。 I find it very easy to finish the job. 2. 我认为买一套水晶玻璃酒杯很贵。 I think it expensive to buy a set of crystal wine cups. 3. 我认为被邀请参加宴会是很大的荣幸。 I consider it a great honor to be invited to a dinner. 4. 他觉得帮助有需要的人是他的责任。 He feels it his duty to help the people in need. ()1. (2010全国卷)Tom was about to close the window_ his attention was caught by a bird.A. when B. if C. and D. till Awas about to do sth. whendid “正要做就在这时”。 Ill send you the website address when I get home.(P12)()2. (2010湖南卷)If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should followC. had followed D. would follow C与过去事实不相符的虚拟条件句，从句的谓语动词用had done。 Just think, if we had virtual reality holidays, we wouldnt have any problems with the weather.(P12) 如何写好并列句 并列句是指在一个句子中含有两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构(即并列分句)。并列句中的几个分句通常由并列连词来连接，所以写好并列句掌握连词的意义及语法作用是关键。【句型1】简单句 并列连词 简单句 Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best to find a way out.面临困难，他们从不放弃，而是尽最大努力解决。连接并列句的连词可分为以下几类：单纯连词：and, bothand， not only but also，as well as，转折连词：but，however, yet, still, while，选择连词：or，notbut ， either or ， neither nor推理连词：so, therefore, for，【句型2】祈使句 and / or (otherwise) 简单句Take the chance, or / otherwise you will regret it. 抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。 本句型是并列句的一种特殊用法，可以与包含有条件状语从句的复合句进行转换。上句可转换为：If you dont take the chance, you will regret it.
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