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Grammar sinceReview since “既然、由于既然、由于”The adverbial clause of reason with sinceSince this is your first visit to my family , shall I show you around our house?Complete the sentences:1) Since you are a student, _.2) Since you are free, _.3) Since you are poor at English, _.Read the following sentences1. Tom has stayed in Beijing for ten years since he moved there in 1993.2. Dick hasnt seen his mother since he left her last year.3. Since the exhibition opened to the public in May, many people have visited it.Which clause tells us the time?What tense do we usually use in the clause with since? And what tense do we usually use in the main clause?since表示表示“自从自从”; “自从自从以来以来. 主句动词应用延续性动词。主句动词应用延续性动词。时态时态* 主句主句-现在完成时、从句现在完成时、从句-一般过去时一般过去时 *主句主句-一般现在时、从句一般现在时、从句-一般过去时一般过去时e.g. We have learned 3000 English words since we began learning English. It is about three years since we got to know.Since作为时间状语从句的引导词常见的四种作为时间状语从句的引导词常见的四种用法用法 1)since +过去一个时间点过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. 4) It is +一段时间一段时间+ since从句从句 It is two years since I became a teacher. Correct the mistakes1. Jack has been away from Shanghai for 2 oclock 2. Julias grandmother has died since 2010.3. I didnt see my friends since I have graduated from Fudan University.4. Tom has borrowed this book since last Wednesday.5. It have been two years since I last saw you.常见的瞬间动词转换成延续性动词常见的瞬间动词转换成延续性动词leave - borrow -buy -begin / start -die -finish -join -open -be awaykeephavebe onbe deadbe overbe in + 组织结构组织结构be a number of + 组织结构组织结构keep sth. openfall ill -get up -catch a cold -come here -go there -become -come back / return-fall asleep -be illbe uphave a coldbe herebe therebebe backbe asleepget to / arrive / reach -leave -get to know -go (get) out -put on - close -lose - begin to study -marry -get ready -be (in)be away fromknowbe outwearbe closedbe loststudybe marriedbe readyB. Rewrite the following sentences as required:1. Dick hasnt seen his mother since he left Shanghai last year. (划线部分提问划线部分提问) _ _ hasnt Dick seen his mother?2. The film began ten minutes ago. (保持原意不变保持原意不变) The film _ _ _ for ten minutes.3. Li Hui joined the army in 2001. (保持原意不变保持原意不变) Li Hui _ _ _ the army _ ten years. Li Hui _ _ _ _ _ 2001. _ _ ten years _ Li Hui joined the army. How longhas been on has been inforhas been a soldier since It is since4. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man _ _ _ _ 2007. _ _ 4 years _ the old man died.5. I bought the book 5 days ago. _ _ 5 days _ I bought the book. I _ _ the book _ 5 days.6. My father has been away from Shanghai since this morning. My father _ Shanghai this morning.has been dead sinceIt is since It is sincehave kept forleftGrammar till /until, notuntil1.until: prep. or conj. 2.until or notuntil3.The tense in the adverbial clause of time until; notuntil1.It may last until Friday.2.He will be working until 5 oclock.3.Dont get off the bus until the bus stops.4.She didnt go to bed until 12 oclock p.m.5.He ran until he was breathless. prep. prep.conj.prep.conj. We waited until the rain stopped. The rain stoppedwaitedRead the following sentences and think it over:In which type of the sentences the actions of the verbs can last long, the one until or the one with notuntil?He didnt go to bed until his mother came back last night. His mother came backXNot go to bedgo to beduntil用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。主句动词延续性动词主句动词延续性动词(非瞬间动词非瞬间动词) until用于否定句中用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生。动作发生之前尚未发生。until, not .until 主从句时态应注意一致性，主从句时态应注意一致性，或者主句是一般将来时，从句用现在时。或者主句是一般将来时，从句用现在时。(主主将从现将从现)till 与与until的用法区别的用法区别till与与until的用法基本相同，但的用法基本相同，但1)until可用于句首，而可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。通常不用于句首。 2)在肯定句中，在肯定句中，until可与可与till互换，且与延续性动互换，且与延续性动词连用。词连用。 3)在否定句中，在否定句中，until不能与不能与till互换，且与瞬间动互换，且与瞬间动词连用。词连用。A. Fill in the blanks:1. The teacher _(leave) until twelve oclock.2. My brother _(go to sleep) until midday.3. _(get off) the bus until it has stopped.4. I _ (start) to do it until you had explained how.5. _ (wait) until I call you.6. Jenny _(arrive) until 6 oclock tomorrow morning.7. Einstein _ (be) able to return to his homeland until the war was over.didnt leavedidnt go to sleepDont get offdidnt startWaitwont arrivewasnt1. The meeting _ (begin) as soon as the manager _ (arrive).2. When I _ (walk) home, I _ (see) Sue and her husband.3. I _ (go) to see a film after I _ (finish) cleaning the room this afternoon.4. Before we _ (fly) back to London yesterday, we _ (visit) a few interesting places here.B. Fill in the blanks:5. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, we _ (stay) at home and _ (watch) TV.6. Yesterday he _ (watch) cartoons as soon as he _ (finish) his homework.7. As soon as I _ (graduate), I will go traveling.C. Rewrite sentences as required:1. My sister is staying until next Sunday. (划线部分提问划线部分提问) _ _is your sister staying?2. She stopped dancing after her mother returned. She _ _dancing _ her mother returned. She _ _ her mother returned.3. We kept on talking until he came in. We _ _ talking until he came in.4. He slept until someone knocked at the door. He _ _ _ until someone knock at the door. He slept _ someone knocked at the door.How longdidnt stop until danced before /untildidnt stopdidnt wake upbefore5. He did his homework before he went to bed. He _ his homework _ he went to bed. He _ _ to bed _ he finished his homework.6. I go to school after I have breakfast. I _ go to school _I have breakfast.7. They didnt arrive until it was dark. They _ _ it was dark.did untildidnt go untildont untilarrived whenD. Translate sentences :1.我昨晚直到写完作业才睡觉。我昨晚直到写完作业才睡觉。I didnt sleep until I finished my homework last night.2. Jack一直睡到电话铃响。一直睡到电话铃响。Jack slept until / till the telephone rang.3.3.那对年青夫妇那对年青夫妇( (the young couple) )直到花光了直到花光了( (use up) )所有的钱才快乐起来所有的钱才快乐起来。The young couple was not happy until they used up all the money. 4. 4. 我将一直等你到我将一直等你到4 4点半。点半。 I will wait for you until 4:30.5.那个孩子直到那个孩子直到5岁才会说话岁才会说话. The child couldnt speak until he was five years old.Jane: When does the library open?You: It does not open until 8 a.m.Jane: How long is it open?You: For fourteen hours. It stays open till 10 p.m.Jane: Thank you.You: Youre welcome.184 days12 hours and a halfA: Its a week since the National Treasures Exhibition opened to the public. Shall we go to visit it this coming Saturday?B: Thats a good idea. What time does it open in the morning?A: It doesnt open until 9 oclock.B: When and where shall we meet, then?A: How about 8:45 at the entrance to the City Museum?B: Thats fine with me.
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