公开课——语法填空解题技巧实用教案

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确(zhngqu)形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It_61_（be）unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit_62_(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof_63_mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasntchangedinafewdays_64_evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork_65_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_66_(clean)thanever.wasactuallytheortoreducecleaner第1页/共21页第一页，共22页。Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouleaveahabit_67_isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordontknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,dontyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare_68_(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe_69_(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe_70_(patience)That/whichamazingchangesPatient第2页/共21页第二页，共22页。语法(yf)填空语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，这一题型的测试是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子(jzi)结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。这种命题形式将过去以句子(jzi)为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一转变体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。2007年高考广东卷率先使用该命题形式，各个省区相继采取这种方式。2014年2月份国家考试中心公布的考试说明宣布从2014年开始，课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年之久的单项选择。第3页/共21页第三页，共22页。命题命题(mng t)特点特点1.考查篇章理解。语法填空是以短文为载体，难度适中.字数约为200，留出10处空白，每空1.5分，总分15分。2.填词分两种类型。(1)用括号中所给词填空包括动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词，形容词和副词的比较等级，名词(mngc)的单复数，所有格以及词类或词义的转换等。(2)纯空格填词空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。3.考查材料形式一般为短文体和对话体第4页/共21页第四页，共22页。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。此外，还要注意(zhy)与其他词类的转变。例1：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，becausethe_(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1例2：Thepeopleinthesmalltownknewthat_(honest)isthebestpolicy.childrens用括号(kuho)中所给词填空(1)honesty第5页/共21页第五页，共22页。技巧二：动词技巧二：动词(dngc)形式变化形式变化首先，判断所填的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后，根首先，判断所填的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后，根据以下据以下(yxi)两点进行分析。两点进行分析。若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需要填的动词与之是并列关系时，要填的是谓语动词，这时要填的动词与之是并列关系时，要填的是谓语动词，这时注意时态，语态。注意时态，语态。例例1：When I die, I _(give )everything to you.例例2：He went out,_(buy) some wine and came back.例例3：Three people _(take) to the hospital, while others were treated in the local clinic(诊所诊所)。will giveboughtwere taken第6页/共21页第六页，共22页。若句中有位于动词，有不是若句中有位于动词，有不是(b shi)并列谓语时，这时所给的并列谓语时，这时所给的动词就是非谓语动词了。主要形式有动词就是非谓语动词了。主要形式有V-ing ;V- ed以及动词不以及动词不定式。定式。例例1：As is known to us,_(smoke) is bad for health.例例2：_(complete) the project as planned, we will have to work two more hours a day.例例3： Wine _(make ) in Australia is of high quality.例例4：He saw the stone,_(say) to himself:“The night will be very dark.smokingTo completemadesaying第7页/共21页第七页，共22页。技巧三：括号中所给词若是形容词或副词技巧三：括号中所给词若是形容词或副词(fc)，有，有可能考查其比较级和最高级。或是形容词余副词可能考查其比较级和最高级。或是形容词余副词(fc)之间的转变。之间的转变。1.The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could he jumped even _(hard) and nearly made himself out.2.Dont think it is _(good)to be fat than to be un healthy?3._(lucky), they escaped in the end.harderbetterluckily第8页/共21页第八页，共22页。技巧四：词类转换题的解题技巧这类题主要是考查名词，形容词和副词。根据该词在句中所做成分确定用哪种形式。具体技巧有三种(snzhn)；（1）作表语（在系动词之后），定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），用形容词1.Theyoungstersimmediatelyfelt_(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.2.Ina_(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theyLearned3.Mrlitriedtomakehisstudents_(interest)inhisLesson.silentdangerousinterested第9页/共21页第九页，共22页。(2)修饰动词修饰动词(dngc)，形容词，副词或整个句子，形容词，副词或整个句子，做状语用副词。做状语用副词。1.There must be something _(serious) wrong with our society.2.As I look _(close) at the girl , I found that(3)词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测题型还有可能检测(jin c)学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。如：前缀握。如：前缀in-;im- ; un-,后缀后缀lessEg.1.Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary)work in the office. 2.His _(care) led to the accident.seriouslycloselyunnecessarycarelessness第10页/共21页第十页，共22页。(2)-纯空格纯空格(kn )题的解题的解题技巧题技巧主要填的是：代词主要填的是：代词(dic)、介词、限定词、介词、限定词 (冠词、物冠词、物主代词主代词(dic)、指示代词、指示代词(dic)等等)、连词、连词技巧一：代词。技巧一：代词。 当句子当句子(j zi)缺少主语或宾语时，用缺少主语或宾语时，用代词。代词。Eg. He asked his teacher:“Sir, the water is dirty. WhyDo you pretended to like_? You cant imagine how difficult _ was to live on the deserted island.itit第11页/共21页第十一页，共22页。技巧二：限定词。名词前面没有(miyu)限定词（冠词，形容词性物主代词，不定代词），很可能是填限定词。1.Hefoundaspringofcleanwater._waterwassweet.2.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet_studenttastethewater.The another第12页/共21页第十二页，共22页。技巧(jqio)三：填冠词。主要是定冠词和不定冠词1.Weworkfivedays_week.2.Thefirstislandis_biggestofthethree.athe3.Ithinkitreally_honorformetospeakhere.4.Dontloseheart.Pleasehave_secondtry.aan第13页/共21页第十三页，共22页。技巧四：填介词。考查介词的基本(jbn)用法和固定搭配1.They lay down _the shade of a tree2.Ireallycantexpressmyidea_Englishfreelyin-deed3.Thehousenexttominewas_fireunderinon4. We are looking forward _your reply.to5.Myyoungersisterprefersmusic_sports.to第14页/共21页第十四页，共22页。技巧五：若两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号一定填并列(bngli)连词（连接并列(bngli)的句子如and,or,but,while）或从属连词（连接定语从句，状语从句或名词性从句）2.Those_wanttogotothevillagemustsignhereorwhowhen4.Youmustspeaklouder_youcanbeheardbyallsothat/inorderthat1.Followthedoctorsadvice,_yourcoughwillbeworse.3.Iwasabouttojumpintotheriver_theguidestoppedme第15页/共21页第十五页，共22页。语法语法(yf)填空解体步骤填空解体步骤-通读全文，通读全文， 理解语篇理解语篇边读边填，边读边填， 先易后难先易后难验证复查，验证复查， 清除难点清除难点第16页/共21页第十六页，共22页。Manypeopleliketoreadthe(31)_（late）newspapers.But(32)_isitproducedsoquickly?Themostimportantmanmaybethechiefeditor.Hedecides(33)_todo.Everymorningthe(34)_(journal)aresenttocovertheevents.Sometimestheyneedaface-to-faceinterviewwithpeople(35)_dotelephoneinterviews.Meanwhile,thepictureeditorsends(36)_(photograph)totakethepicturestheyneed.latesthowwhatjournalistsorphotographersPassage A第17页/共21页第十七页，共22页。Laterintheday,theypassthestoriesandthe(37)_(develop)photostotheeditor.Thenthechiefeditorwillchoosethemostimportantnewsforthefrontpage.(38)_editorsreadthestories,makesomenecessarychangesandwriteheadlinesforthem.(39)_thenewspaperisprintedand(40)_（deliver）todifferentplaces.developedOtherFinallydelivered第18页/共21页第十八页，共22页。PassageBMum: (putting on her coat) I am going to go down Mum: (putting on her coat) I am going to go down to the shop for more bread.to the shop for more bread.Alan: Why?Alan: Why?Mum: I am not sure whatMum: I am not sure what_1 1_(happen). I made (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the tablesome sandwiches earlier and left them on the table2 2_I went to answer the phone. But someoneI went to answer the phone. But someonemustmusthave taken them because theyhave taken them because theyrere_3 3_(go).(go).Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. IAlan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was m sure he was in the kitchenin the kitchen4 4_(early).(early).Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finishedI finished5 5(make) them,(make) them,so he couldnt haveso he couldnt have done it. done it._6 6_, he couldn, he couldnt carry a plate of t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, sosandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, soI Im surem sure7 7_wasnwasnt him.t him.happenedwhengoneearliermakingAnywayit第19页/共21页第十九页，共22页。Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well,it Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well,it wasnwasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your t me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf ofsandwiches here on the bottom shelf of8 8_fridge?fridge?Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I I_9 9_(put) them in there when (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really mustthe phone rang. Oh, dear. I really mustbe losing mybe losing my_1010_. Now, why did I . Now, why did I put on my coat?put on my coat?themusthaveputmind/memory第20页/共21页第二十页，共22页。谢谢您的观看(gunkn)！第21页/共21页第二十一页，共22页。NoImage内容(nirng)总结阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。用括号中所给词填空(tinkng)。（1）作表语（在系动词之后），定语（修饰名词）或。技巧五：若两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号。一定填并列连词（连接并列的句子如and,or,but,while。或从属连词（连接定语从句，状语从句或名词性从句）。谢谢您的观看第二十二页，共22页。