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一般现在时 1.一般现在时的基本用法：1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率副词的时间状语连用。时间状语： every morning(afternoon, Sunday), sometimes, on Sunday, often, usually等.例如：I wake up at six Oclock every morning.My friends often go to the park on Sundays.2) 用于表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun.Tomorrow is Tuesday.3) 用于格言或警句中。例如：Where there is a will, there is a way.4) 用于表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：I dont want so much. She is a good girl and always help others. My watch is very new。2.一般现在时的构成：当主语是第一人称，第二人称或第三人称复数时，谓语动词要用动词原形。当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即动词词尾要加s或 es.例. We have four classes in the morning every day.They work in a big office.She likes singing very much.附注：动词的第三人称单数变化形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。1. 规则变化：（1）直接在动词词尾加-s.ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.fix-fixesdo-does go-goes pass-passeswatch-watches wash_washes （3）以“辅音字母加 “y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-cries2不规则变化：be- is have-has3. 一般现在时的句子转换：变否定句、一般疑问句（1）一般疑问句：当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词提到主语的前面变成疑问句;否定句：在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例：She is a student. I can swim. Is she a student? Can you swim? She is not a student. I can not swim.（2）一般疑问句：当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do, does变成问句；否定句：在主语后谓语动词前加助动词dont, doesnt变成否定句，助动词后的谓语动词要变成动词原形。例：We get up at 7:00 every morning. Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.She has a little brother. Does she have a little brother? She doesnt have a little brother.百看不如一练 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。sit swim read make run writetype go watch clean cry wash jump come study二、用do、does填空1、_ you ride a bike after school? Yes, I _.2、_ your sister like football? No, she _ not.3、What_ the students have? They have some pens.4、How_ Linda go to school? She goes to school on foot.5、He _ not speak English. He speaks Chinese.6、_ they watch TV on Sundays? Yes, they _ .7、 My father and mother _ not read newspapers on Saturday.三、改句子1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)2. I have many books. （改为否定句）3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）6. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）7. We have four lessons.（否定句）8. Nancy doesnt run fast （肯定句）9. My dog runs fast. 否定句：一般疑问句：10. Mike has two letters for him.一般疑问句：否定句：11. I usually play football on Friday afternoon.否定句: 一般疑问句: 12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.否定句: 一般疑问句: 13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day否定句: 般疑问句: 14. Tom does his homework at home.否定句: 一般疑问句: 现在进行时一、现在进行式的基本结构。1)第一人称：主语 + am + 现在分词 + I am watching TV. 2)第三人称单数：主语 + is + 现在分词 + She is washing the dishes. 3)第二人称及复数人称：主语 + are + 现在分词 + They are playing games. 二、进行时的基本用法：1)表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.2)习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. She is learning English under Mr. Smith.3)表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go等。The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.三、现在进行时谓语动词的变化规则1)一般情况下，在动词后加ing构成. 如：work_working sleep_sleepingwait_waiting study_studying2)以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e后再加ing. 如take_taking move_ moving write_writing.3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且未尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写未尾的辅音字母于加ing.如。sit_sitting plan_planning swim_swimming.4)以字母ie结尾的动词，通常把ie改为y，再加ing.如。die_dying Lie_lying四、没有进行时态的动词1)表示感觉的感官动词没有进行时态。see hear feel sound smell taste2)表示存在状态的动词没有进行时态have(有) stay be own3)表示人物的心理活动，态度情感等的描述性动词没有进行时态love like hate know think4) 表示一次性动作的动词没有进行时态decide give百看不如一练一 写出下列动词的现在分词stand_ sleep_ jump_ walk_clean_ wash_ do_ go_listen_ read_ play _sing_have_ write_ come_ dance_skate_ make_ ride_sit_ run_ swim_二 根据提示完成下列句子1.The students_ (正在上英语课)2.Some girls_ (正在跳舞)3.I_ (正在骑自行车)4.My mother_( 正在做家务)5.Helen_ (会做模型飞机)6._you_ (正在看报纸吗)7._she_(正在打扫图书馆吗)8._the boys_(正在打篮球吗)三、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen! Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look! They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now.10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .四 句型转换：1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) 3Im playing the football in the playground. (对划线部分进行提问)4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)一般过去时一概述1.去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month, 具体时间) just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前),3.动词变化规则：一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加ed。如：wanted，played。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加d。如：hoped，lived。重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。如：stopped,shipped。以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加ed。 如：studied，worried。有些动词不符合上面的规则，需要特殊记忆。 如：am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,eat-ate, swim-swam,buy-bought,see-saw, teach-taught,bring-brought,think-thought, fall-fell,hurt-hurt,break-broke,win-won, lose-lost二、一般过去时的基本用法 1. 带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时，如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（两天前 ）、last year（去年）、the other day（前几天）、once upon a time（很久以前）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before（前）、at+一个时间点Eg. Did you have a party the other day？Lei Feng was a good soldier in the old days. 2. 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时,这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。Eg.The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always，never等连用。Eg.Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）比较: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）4. 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做，而现在不那样做了)He used to drink.（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）I used to take a walk in the morning.（意味着现在不在早晨散步了）比较：I took a walk in the morning.（只是说明过去这一动作）5 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill. （这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）辨别正误 Li Ming studied English this morning.把此句变为一般疑问句1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning？动词应该用_2. Does Li Ming Study English this morning？时态应该用_3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning应该用_而不是be动词三、一般过去时的基本结构一般过去式的构成形式： 肯定式疑问式否定式I workedDid I work?I did not workHe(she,it) workedDid he(she,it) work?He (she,it)did not workWe workedDid we work?We did not workYou workedDid you work?You did not workThey workedDid they work?They did not work否定形式：be动词前：were not行为动词前： did not+实义动词原形一般疑问句：be动词前：was或were放于句首；行为动词前：用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。一般过去时专项练习一 选择（ ）1. She lived there before he_to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming（ ）2. I _but _ nothing. A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of（ ）3. When did you _here? A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach （ ）4. I_ my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening. A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish（ ）5 -He didnt go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _. A. No, he doesnt B. Yes, he didntC. No, he did D. Yes, he did.( ) 6 -I have had supper. - When _you _it? A. have; had B. do, have C. did, have D. will have二、请用正确动词形式填空。1 They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There_(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.4 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago.5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.6 He _(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday.7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my friends.8 When _you_(write)this book? I _it last year.9 Did he_(have) lunch at home?10 I _(eat) the bread, I m full now.11 _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 12. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 13. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 14. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 15. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 16. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 17. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night. 18. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _. 19. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad. 20. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _. 三、翻译下列句子 1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend. 2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night. 3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。Emma _ TV every day. But he _ _ yesterday. 4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday? They _ _ homework and _ _. 三、改写句子：1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ there?4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup? 过去进行时（一）定义过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。（二）结构was/were +doing （现在分词）（三）用法 1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning， the whole morning， all day yesterday， from nine to ten last evening， when， while等。例如：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.What was he researching all day last Sunday？My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain， the sun was shining.2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday？When I saw him he was decorating his room.3.在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：While he was waiting for the bus， he was reading a newspaper.He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.4.英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）1）表心理状态、情感的动词，如love ，hate ，like ，care ，respect ，please ，prefer ，know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。Im forgetting it . （=beginning to forget ）2）表存在、状态的动词，如appear ，exist ，lie ，remain ，stand ，seem等3）表感觉的动词，如see ，hear ，feel ，smell ，sound ，taste等.4）表一时性的动词，如accept ，allow ，admit ，decide ，end ，refuse ，permit ，promise等，例如误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。误：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。练习用动词的适当形式填空1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us.2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in.3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (move) away.4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off.5. She _ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _ (all, work) in the fields.6. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.7. As I _ (walk) in the park, it _ (begin) to rain.8. Even when she _ (be) a child she _ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).9. It was quite late at night. George _ (read) and Amy _ (ply) her needle when they _ (hear) a knock at the door.10. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.11. _ they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom.12. When I _ (come) in the room, he _ (see) me, for he _ (read) something13. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.14. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.15. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.选择题。1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearingc. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, sawc. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _ ready to fly to England.a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got7. Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army.a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was8. A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _ me.a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing9. We _ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait10. He _ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping11. While mother _ some washing, I _ a kite for Kate.a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making12. “_ you angry then?” “they _ too much noise.”a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made13. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ mea. did, heard b. did, didnt hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didnt hear14. This time yesterday jack _ his bike. He _ TVa. repaired, didnt watch b. was repairing, watchedc. repaired, watched d. was repairing, wasnt watching15. His parents wanted to know how he _ on with his new classmates.a. was getting b. gets c. is getting d. will get There be 结构句型的讲解与练习。第一关：There be 结构的意义及形式There be 结构主要用以表达某处(某时)有某人(某物),其基本句型为There be + 某物或某人 + 某地或某时其中there 是引导词,没有词义;be是谓语动词;某人或某物是句子的主语;某地或某时作句子的状语,多是介词短语。如: There is a footballunderthe chair. 引导语 谓语动词 主语 介词 短语(某地)第二关：There be结构中的动词be的确定1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如:There is a flower in the bottle. There are some apples on the table. 2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 第三关：:There be 结构的句型转换1. 否定句: there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如:There are some children in the picture. There arent any children in the picture.2. 一般疑问句及其答语:把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are;否定答语为No, there isnt / arent。如:-Are there two cats in the tree?-Yes, there are. (No, there arent.)第四关：There be 与 haveThere be与 have都可表示“有”的含义。但have表所有关系，there be表“存在”，侧重的重点不同；并且have前必须有人作主语。例如：There are some children in the garden.She has three daughters and two sons.百看不如一练用刚刚学到的句型翻译下列句子。例如：有桌子上有一条鱼。答:There is a fish on the table.1在桌子上有一个苹果._2) 在篮子里有八个西红柿._3) 在教室里有一个老师和八个学生._4) 在教室里有八个学生和一个老师._变下列句子为否定句.1) There is a big watermelon on the table._2) There are eight children in the classroom._3) There are many books in the bag._变下列句子为一般疑问句.1) There is a dog on the chair._2) There is some fruit on the table._3) There are many pencils in the pencil case._中考原题1There are _ days in a week Athe seven Bseventh Cthe seventh Dseven 2There are few _ in the fridgeLets go and buy som e peas，carrots and cabbages Avegetables Bfruit Cmeat Deggs 3Look！There are some _ on the floor Achild Bwater Cboxes Dgirl 4There were two _ people at yesterdays meeting Ahundreds Bhundreds of Chundred 5The letter from my uncle was shortThere wasnt _ news Amany Ba few Cmuch Dfew 6Oh，there isnt enough _ for us in the lift It doesnt matter，lets wait for the next Aground Bfloor Cplace Droom 7There _ an English Evening next Tuesday Awas Bwill be Cwill have Dare going to be 8There _ a football gam e in our school Ahas Bwill have Cwill be 9There is going to _ a report _ Chinese history in our school this evening Ahave；on Bbe；on Chave；for Dbe；of 10There is _ food hereWell have to buy some Aany Bsome Cno 11There is _ in the bagIts em pty Anothing Bsomething Canything Dsomebody 12There is _ knocking at the doorGo and see who it is Anobody Bsomebody Canybody Deverybody 13Is there _ wrong with me， doctor？ Im afraid soYour heart is beating a bit too slow Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing 14There is _ interesting on this channelTry others Anothing Bnone Canything Dno 15There is _ interesting in the film，so _ is interested in it Asomething；nobody Bnothing；somebody C
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