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第二部分第二部分 重要语法重要语法形容词和副词的比较等级,至今仍形容词和副词的比较等级,至今仍只考查了比较级,是语法填空的一个常只考查了比较级,是语法填空的一个常考点。句法作用,我们将归为考点。句法作用,我们将归为“词类转词类转换换”一节中,这里就不重复了。一节中,这里就不重复了。形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级u请做下列高考真题。请做下列高考真题。 1. (2012) If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little _(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.思路点拨:思路点拨:harder 作宾补依然是要用形容词作宾补依然是要用形容词hard (困难的困难的),所以不作词类转换,可考虑比,所以不作词类转换,可考虑比较级;句中较级;句中a little修饰比较级修饰比较级harder,表示,表示“(比坐在前面关注他比坐在前面关注他)更难一点更难一点”。真题再练真题再练 2. (2011) One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment_ (late) that day.思路点拨:思路点拨:later 指指“那天那天(比离开那个地方音比离开那个地方音乐节那个时候乐节那个时候)更晚一点更晚一点”。 3. (2010) “The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet).”思路点拨:思路点拨:sweeter 这是否定词这是否定词nothing与比较与比较级连用表示最高级的概念,故填级连用表示最高级的概念,故填sweeter。句意。句意是:是:“没有什么东西比这个更甜了没有什么东西比这个更甜了”,也就是,也就是说说“这是世界上最甜的水这是世界上最甜的水”。 4. (2008) One day, he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _(high).思路点拨:思路点拨:higher 指比他指比他pluck up a few inches之前的确之前的确“长长”得得“更高更高”了,是省略了了,是省略了than before的隐性比较级。的隐性比较级。年份年份答案答案具体考点具体考点题数题数201302012harder形容词比较级形容词比较级12011later副词比较级副词比较级12010sweet形容词比较级形容词比较级1200902008higher副词比较级副词比较级120070考情分析考情分析七年考了七年考了4次,其中两次是形容词的次,其中两次是形容词的比较级,两次是副词的比较级。当年是否比较级,两次是副词的比较级。当年是否考查比较级,可能与所选语篇有关,语篇考查比较级,可能与所选语篇有关,语篇中有就考,没有就不考。至今也没有考查中有就考,没有就不考。至今也没有考查最高级,但并不代表以后也不考,也可能最高级,但并不代表以后也不考,也可能是与所选语篇有关。试题的特点:都没有是与所选语篇有关。试题的特点:都没有than,都是隐性比较级。,都是隐性比较级。当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,而空格当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,而空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,即词性不需要变处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,即词性不需要变化时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,化时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级了。级了。另外,解题时需注意以下几点:另外,解题时需注意以下几点:1.根据比较等级的句式判断,如后面有根据比较等级的句式判断,如后面有than就用比较,有就用比较,有in /of等表示比较范围的,就用最等表示比较范围的,就用最高级。高级。2.善于根据语境来判断省略了善于根据语境来判断省略了“than+比较比较对象对象”的隐性比较级。的隐性比较级。解题技巧解题技巧3.比较级前可用比较级前可用a bit, a little, some, any表示表示“稍稍,一点稍稍,一点”;用;用much, far, a great/good deal, a lot等表示等表示“得多得多”;用;用still(只用于肯定只用于肯定句句), even, yet等表示等表示“更加更加”等,若空格前有这等,若空格前有这些词,就有可能是填比较级了。些词,就有可能是填比较级了。4.最高级前可用最高级前可用the second, the very, much the, (by) far the, not quite the, nearly the, almost the等修饰,若空格前有这些词,有可能填最高等修饰,若空格前有这些词,有可能填最高级。级。此外,考查比较等级的命题形式一般此外,考查比较等级的命题形式一般是是“用所给词语的正确形式填空用所给词语的正确形式填空”;若是;若是需要填需要填more, most或或fewer, less, least时,可时,可能也会不给出原级。能也会不给出原级。谈到比较级,我们首先得掌握形容词和副谈到比较级,我们首先得掌握形容词和副词比较等级的变化规则。词比较等级的变化规则。1.一般在词尾直接加一般在词尾直接加 er或或 est。如:。如:longlongerlongest。2.以不发音的字母以不发音的字母e结尾的,只加结尾的,只加r或或 st。如:如:nicenicernicest。3.以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的,把结尾的,把y变为变为i,再加再加 er或或 est。如:。如:heavyheavierheaviest。考点归纳考点归纳4.以以“一个元音字母一个元音字母+一个辅音字母一个辅音字母”结尾结尾的重读音节,双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加的重读音节,双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加er或或est。如:。如:bigbiggerbiggest。5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加加more构成比较级,加构成比较级,加most构成最高级。如:构成最高级。如:slowlymore slowlymost slowly;beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful。6.不规则变化的,也需牢记。如不规则变化的,也需牢记。如many /muchmoremost, little lessleast, good /wellbetterbest, bad /badlyworseworst等。等。然后,需要掌握形容词和副词的比较等级然后,需要掌握形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。的常用句型。1.表示相等:表示相等:as + 原级原级+asJohn is nearly as tall as his father now.约翰约翰差不多和他爸一样高了。差不多和他爸一样高了。2.表示不如:表示不如:not as / so +原级原级+asIm not so lucky as others. 我不像别人那么我不像别人那么幸运。幸运。3.表示超出:比较级表示超出:比较级+thanMy sister is two years younger than me. 我我妹妹比我小两岁。妹妹比我小两岁。4.表示表示“最最”:the+最高级最高级+ of / in短语或短语或定语从句定语从句(表范围表范围)She is the best player in the team. 她是队里她是队里最优秀的运动员。最优秀的运动员。Of all the boys, Simon is the cleverest. 在所在所有男孩中西蒙最聪明。有男孩中西蒙最聪明。It was the most boring film Ive ever seen. 这是我看过的最乏味的影片。这是我看过的最乏味的影片。注:除了注:除了 “the +最高级最高级”外,最高级还有外,最高级还有其他的表达方式。如:其他的表达方式。如:(1)否定词否定词never等与比较级连用。等与比较级连用。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多好听呀!我从没听她唱得多好听呀!我从没听过比这更好的声音。过比这更好的声音。(2)比较级比较级+than any other+名词单数。名词单数。He is taller than any other student in his class.他比班上任何一个学生都高。他比班上任何一个学生都高。(3)比较级比较级+than any of the other+名词复数名词复数.He is taller than any of the other students in his class.(4)比较级比较级+than anyone else。He is taller than anyone else in his class.5.表示表示“越越越越”:the+比较级,比较级,the+比较级比较级The harder you work, the better result you will get.你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。(=If you work harder, you)6.表示表示“越来越越来越”:比较级:比较级+and+比较级比较级Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 我们国家越来越强大了。我们国家越来越强大了。Computers are becoming more and more important in our life. 电脑在我们生活中越来越电脑在我们生活中越来越重要了。重要了。7 . 表 示表 示 “ 与 其与 其 不 如不 如 ” :morethanHe is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪与其说他聪明,不如说他幸运。明,不如说他幸运。8.the+比较级,特指两个人或者两个事物比较级,特指两个人或者两个事物中较为突出的一个。中较为突出的一个。If the manager had to choose one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice.如果说经如果说经理一定得从这两个人中选择一个,他会说理一定得从这两个人中选择一个,他会说Tim是是更好的选择。更好的选择。9.倍数的表达法:倍数的表达法:(1) A + be +倍数倍数 as +计量形容词原级计量形容词原级+as BThis road is three times as wide as that one. 这条公路是那条公路的三倍宽。这条公路是那条公路的三倍宽。(2) A +be+倍数倍数+形容词比较级形容词比较级+than BThe car is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这辆车比那辆汽车恰好贵五倍。这辆车比那辆汽车恰好贵五倍。(3) A +be+倍数倍数+the+计量名词计量名词+of BThe new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。(4) The+计量名词计量名词+of A +be+倍数倍数+that of BThe size of the new square is four times that of the previous one.新广场为以前的四倍大。新广场为以前的四倍大。u一、单句填空一、单句填空 在空格处填入一个适当的词或用在空格处填入一个适当的词或用所给词语的正确形式填空。所给词语的正确形式填空。 1. (2014茂名二模茂名二模)I started to follow it again with a_ (light) spirit than I had before.lighter 由后面的由后面的than可知,填比较级。可知,填比较级。实战演练实战演练 2. (2014江门一模江门一模) Martha Berry was born in 1866._(luck) than most Georgian mountain children, she received education.Luckier 其后有其后有than,故用比较级。,故用比较级。 3. (2014揭阳一模揭阳一模)I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someones day a little _ (bright).brighter 由前面的由前面的a little可知用比较级。意可知用比较级。意为:我劝大家从自己舒适地带走出一小步,为:我劝大家从自己舒适地带走出一小步,试着使某人的一天更亮堂一点。试着使某人的一天更亮堂一点。 4. (2013天津天津)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are_ meaningful things to do.more 句意应是句意应是“我认为每晚都看电视是浪费我认为每晚都看电视是浪费时间,有许多更有意义的事可做时间,有许多更有意义的事可做”, 可知这里可知这里是是meaningful的比较级,在前面填的比较级,在前面填more。 5. (2013辽宁辽宁)This is by far_ (inspiring) movie that I have ever seen.the most inspiring 由由by far和和that I have ever seen这些标志词可知,要用最高级。这些标志词可知,要用最高级。 6. (2013广州二模广州二模)I later learned that the man made his living this way: tricking tourists. This was the _ (bad) thing I ever experienced in “Interesting India”. w o r s t 由 表 示 范 围 的 定 语 从 句由 表 示 范 围 的 定 语 从 句 I e v e r experienced in “Interesting India”可知,用可知,用最高级,另外,最高级,另外,the也有提醒作用。也有提醒作用。 7. (2012广州二模广州二模)The conclusion are contained in the agencys _ (late) report. This report points to a lack of opportunities for girls and women in education and work, latest 指在这个机构的指在这个机构的“最新的,最近的最新的,最近的”报报告中。告中。 8. (2009广州二模广州二模)Fine snow covered the yard, dusted the top of my truck and whitened the road. But that wasnt the _ (bad) part.worst 指上句描述的情况不是指上句描述的情况不是“最糟糕最糟糕”的事,的事,另外,也可从另外,也可从the得到启示。得到启示。 9. (2007广州一模广州一模) One of the_ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen.worst 由表示范围的定语从句由表示范围的定语从句I ever made可知,另外前面也有可知,另外前面也有the,要用最高级。,要用最高级。 10. (2013佛山一模佛山一模)The _ (busy) time is around Spring Festival, because many people go back to their hometowns for family reunions or go traveling.busiest 指指“一年最忙的时候是春节期间一年最忙的时候是春节期间”,the也有提醒作用。也有提醒作用。 11. (2013汕头一模汕头一模)I found it hard to hear her commentary(评论评论) as she seemed to be talking to only the three or four people _ (close) to her. closer 表示表示“她似乎只跟几个和她靠得更近的她似乎只跟几个和她靠得更近的人说话人说话”。 12. (2013茂名二模茂名二模)The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her walking around. When she came _ (close) to us I could see that she was crying. closer 意为意为“当她向我们走得更近时,我可以当她向我们走得更近时,我可以看到她在哭看到她在哭”。 13. You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit _ (slowly)?more slowly 现在太快,问对方能否比现在更慢现在太快,问对方能否比现在更慢一点,用比较级;由形容词加一点,用比较级;由形容词加ly变成的副词的变成的副词的比较级,要在前面加比较级,要在前面加more构成比较级。常修饰构成比较级。常修饰比较级的比较级的a bit也提醒我们用比较级。也提醒我们用比较级。 14. Those who have_ (much) money than sense may sometimes act foolishly. more 由关键词由关键词than可知用比较级。可知用比较级。 15. Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as _ (large) as that of theirs.large 在在asas结构之间,用原级。结构之间,用原级。 16. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _(early). earlier 与现在这组学生相比与现在这组学生相比“更早的更早的”。 17. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _ (good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.better 将将“放入冰箱中冷冻放入冰箱中冷冻”与与“不放入不放入冰箱中冷冻冰箱中冷冻”作比较,故用比较级。作比较,故用比较级。 18. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ (well-know) one. best-known 因为是从他所写的所有歌中因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。选出一首来比较,故用最高级。 19. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ (cheap) one to spare some money for a book.cheaper 因是两者比较,故用比较级。因是两者比较,故用比较级。 20. Work gets done _ (easily) when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.more easily 从从and the rewards are higher too(得到的回报得到的回报“也更高也更高”)得到启示,要用比得到启示,要用比较级,省略了较级,省略了than when people dont do it together。 21. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ (little) water and electricity than _ (old) models.less; older 由由“environmentally friendly(有利于有利于保护环境的保护环境的)”可知,这种洗衣机比可知,这种洗衣机比“旧式的旧式的”洗衣机用洗衣机用“更少的更少的”水和电。水和电。 22. I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_ (bad).worse 意思是意思是“我看过我看过(比这部比这部)更差的电更差的电影影”。u二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 I dont think it 1. _(difficulty) to learn English well, because as long as you work hard, you can learn it well. I believe that the 2. _ (hard) you work at your study, the better you can learn it. For example, Li Ping, a friend of 3. _, is the 4._ hardworking student in our class, and he gets 5. _ (high) marks than any other students in our class in every English test. difficult harder mine mosthigher 6. _(lead) by him, all the students in our c l a s s a r e s t u d y i n g E n g l i s h 7 . _(越来越努力越来越努力). As a result, in the latest English test, our class was the 8. _(good) of the two key classes in our school, and the number of students who got e x c e l l e n t m a r k s i s 9 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (两倍大两倍大) that of the other. Therefore,10. _ of us should study hard no matter what we learn.Led harder and harderbetterlarge as /twice larger thanalltwice as 本文论述了只要努力学习就能学好的观点。本文论述了只要努力学习就能学好的观点。1. difficult。 作宾补要用形容词。作宾补要用形容词。2. harder。 是是“the+比较级,比较级,the+比较级比较级”句句型,表示型,表示“越越就越就越”。3. mine。 指指my friends。4. most。 因有因有in our class表示范围,要用最高表示范围,要用最高级。级。5. higher。 由由than可知要用比较级,本句是用可知要用比较级,本句是用比较级表示最高级的句型。比较级表示最高级的句型。6. Led。因因“在他的带领下在他的带领下”,用,用-ed形式作状形式作状语,表示原因。语,表示原因。7. harder and harder。表示表示“越来越越来越”,用,用“比较级比较级+比较级比较级”表示。表示。8. better。表示表示“两者中较两者中较的那一个的那一个”,用,用 the +比较级比较级+of the two。9. twice as large as /twice larger than。倍数表达倍数表达法。法。10. all。指指“我们所有的人我们所有的人”都应努力学习。都应努力学习。
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