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Words and expressions1.ABUSE N. 滥用滥用,妄用妄用CU 辱骂辱骂U 虐待虐待;伤害伤害U弊病弊病;陋习陋习C vt. 滥用滥用,妄用妄用 e.g. He abused his power while in office. 他在职时滥用权力。他在职时滥用权力。 虐待虐待,伤害伤害 Those captives were physically abused. 那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残2. STRESS N.压力压力; 重音重音,重读重读 C BE UNDER (THE) STRESS (OF) SUFFER FROM STRESS THE STRESSES AND STRAINS OF MODERN LIFE n. 强调强调, 重要性重要性U e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreigh language education. vt. 加压力于加压力于; 重读重读; 强调强调 e.g. He stressed the importance of the task.在压力下在压力下受到压力受到压力现代生活的现代生活的压力和紧张压力和紧张3. adolescent 青少年青少年e.g. adolescents between 13 and 18 and the problems they face. 13至至18岁的青少年以及他们面临的岁的青少年以及他们面临的问题。问题。英文中表示英文中表示 “儿童儿童”的词的词: A very young child is a _, or an _(rather formal). A child who has just learned to walk is a _. People aged 13 to 19 are _or adolescents. A youth is a teenager, usually male. British people use Children while Americans use _for all young people.babytoddlerinfantteenagerskids4.BAN N. 禁令禁令,禁止禁止 A BAN ON STH vt.禁止禁止, 取缔取缔 ban sb. from (doing) sth. impose a ban lift a bane.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.颁布禁令颁布禁令解除禁令解除禁令5. due to 归因于归因于, 归功于归功于一般作表语一般作表语e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。 be due to do sth定于某时做某事定于某时做某事 e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow.可以被可以被caused by 所代替所代替表示因果关系的词和短语表示因果关系的词和短语because从属连词从属连词, 接从句接从句, 表示所叙述的表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点理由是本句的重点; assince从属连词从属连词, 接接从句从句, 表示理由是已知的表示理由是已知的, 而理由以外才是而理由以外才是叙述的重点叙述的重点; for并列连词并列连词, 不用于句首不用于句首, 至至于第一分句之后于第一分句之后, 补充说明理由补充说明理由; 第一分第一分句表示推测时句表示推测时, 用用for说明推测的依据。说明推测的依据。because of “由于由于”, 较口语化，只作状语较口语化，只作状语owing to 较正式，较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开须用逗号与主句隔开thanks to “多亏了多亏了” 多用于正面的意义多用于正面的意义as a result of “因为因为”as a result 副短副短, “因此因此”therefore 副词副词, “因此因此”so并列连词并列连词, “因此因此”with the result that接从句接从句, “因此因此”. addicted adj. “对某某上瘾对某某上瘾”, “沉沉湎于某某湎于某某” e.g. My children have become hopelessly addicted to television. 我的几个孩子都成了电视迷我的几个孩子都成了电视迷, 简直简直不可救药了。不可救药了。构词法构词法addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人吸毒成瘾的人addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾沉湎、成瘾addictive adj. 使人上瘾的使人上瘾的addict常用于下列结构常用于下列结构:addict oneself to sth.be addicted to sth.be addicted to doing sth.沉溺于某物沉溺于某物专心做某事专心做某事;上上了了.的瘾的瘾The parents felt helpless when they found their son had _ love stories for long.A. addicted B. addicted toC. addicted himselfD. been addicted to. accustom v.使人习惯于、养成习惯使人习惯于、养成习惯e.g. She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting up early. 她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯。习惯。常用句式常用句式1) accustom+名词名词/oneself + to+名名e.g. Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings. 孩子们很快就会适应新环境。孩子们很快就会适应新环境。2) be accustomed to +名词名词e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances. 我习惯与长距离步行。我习惯与长距离步行。3) get/become accustomed to +名词名词e.g. You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你将会习惯于这个工作。你将会习惯于这个工作。注意注意:在英语中在英语中, to 有时为动词不定式符号有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟后跟动词原形动词原形; 有时用作介词有时用作介词, 后跟名词、代词、后跟名词、代词、或动名词。下面的这些短语中的或动名词。下面的这些短语中的to 均为介均为介词。词。stick to 坚持坚持 lead to 导致导致, 通向通向pay a visit to 参观参观 sentence sb. to 宣判某人宣判某人 come to 谈到谈到, 涉及涉及 see to 处理，负责处理，负责 be up to 总计总计 devoteto 致力于致力于 get down to 开始开始 /着手着手. quit 动词动词, 过去式和过去分词均为过去式和过去分词均为quit,现在分词为现在分词为quitting, 接动词接动词-ing形式形式, “停止做停止做” e.g. She quit smoking when she got pregnant. 她一怀孕就戒了烟。她一怀孕就戒了烟。归类记忆归类记忆:下列动词只能用下列动词只能用-ING 形式作宾语形式作宾语admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, complete, consider, deny , forbid(禁止禁止), fancy(想象想象), finish, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, prevent, delay, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, explain, imagine, postpone(推迟推迟), practise, quit, recall, recommend(要求要求), recollect(记起记起), resist(抵制抵制), risk , suggest, tolerate, understand9. feel like 想要想要, 只表示一次的想法只表示一次的想法, 后接后接动词动词-ing形式形式e.g. Its so hot today. I feel like going swimming. 今天好热啊今天好热啊, 我想去游泳。我想去游泳。 摸起来像摸起来像, 像是像是e.g. The material feels like silk It feels like rain.10.ASHAMED ADJ. FEEL SORRY OR EMBARASSED e.g. She is ashamed to ask such a simple question. 相关短语：相关短语：be ashamed of sb./ sth be ashamed that be ashamed to do feel ashamed for sb. be ashamed for doing sth.11. in spite of 尽管尽管, 无视无视 后接名词后接名词 e.g. She cant see very well in spite of her glasses. 尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。 The boy went out in spite of his fathers orders. 那男孩无视父亲的命令那男孩无视父亲的命令,径直出去了。径直出去了。 12. get into陷于陷于, 染上什么习惯染上什么习惯 get into the habit of 养成什么习惯。养成什么习惯。 相当于相当于fall into the habit of或者或者form the habit ofe.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。习惯。短语联想短语联想get into trouble 惹上麻烦惹上麻烦get into debt 负债累累负债累累get into a temper 大发脾气大发脾气get into deep water 陷于困境陷于困境get into ones head 有某种看法有某种看法get into the way of 习惯于、学会习惯于、学会13.AT RISK=IN DANGERtake risks/ a riskat the risk of 冒冒的危险的危险/风险风险at your own risk 自担风险自担风险run the risk of 冒险冒险(做某事做某事)NOW DO THE QUIZ AND CHECK YOURSELFCOMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH WORDS FROM THE TEXT.1. Rice production has increased greatly in China over the last few years, largely _ super hybrid rice.2. Having lived in Hawaii all his life, he was not _ to the cold of Northern Europe.due toaccustomed 3. He was _ of his body so he decided to go on a diet and do more exercise.4. In spite of her wounded leg, she _to get up the stairs.5. He told me the same story _ until I felt like screaming.ashamedmanagedautomatically6. With exams only a week away, I am under a lot of _.7. When I _ playing sport I become very fat and unhealthy.8. _ health is as important as physical health.stressquit/quittedMental9. Now that I am _ I eat a good diet because I want my baby to be born healthy.10. _ often take more risks than adults.pregnantAdolescentsCOMPLETE THE TEXT WITH WORDS FROM BELOW. adolescents 青少年青少年 cigarettes 香烟香烟 quit 停止停止, 戒戒 drugs毒品毒品 due to 归因于归因于 stress压力压力 eventually 终于终于 alcohol酒酒 addicted 上瘾的上瘾的 manage管理管理, 努力努力做做 Smoking _, drinking _ or taking other _ produce many harmful effects and have no real benefits. So why do _do it? Some because they believe it makes them look cool. Others think it will help with _ in their life possibly _ pressure from their parents or teachers. alcoholdrugs adolescents stressdue toCIGARETTES Some just want to see what it is like. What they dont realize is that they will get into the habit and _ become _. It will then be difficult to _ the habit. A few people _ to quit easily but for many it is a very painful process. Of course, the best way to deal with these drugs is not to start in the first place.eventuallyaddictedquitmanageHOMEWORK1. Master and go over the use of the words and phrases above. 2. Preview the use of it on page 21.
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