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词汇专题一词语辨析一、名词辨析1.approach, mannner, means, method&wayapproach指处理问题的方法,后接介词to；manner 指独特的方式或方法,有时也指某人特有的态度、举止或处事方式常与介词in搭配,可构成短语in a(n)manner；means 指采用整套的方式或者使用某些工具、材料等,后接介词of, 构成短语by means of；method 指有一套理论和系统指导酌方法,强调其条理性、高效性,后接介词offor；way 既指具体的方法,也指抽象的方法,后接介词of或不定式符to；可构成短语in thisthat way等。【实战练习】(1)At the meeting they discussed three different _to the study of mathematicsAapproaches Bmanners Cmeans Dmethod(2)Ive tried very hard to improve my EnglishBut by no_is the teacher satisfied with my progress. Aapproach Bmanner Cmeans D.method(3)All the students hold that teaching_ (means,method,way) that has been employed is effective2.energy, strength, power&forceenergy 主要指人的精力或自然界的能量、能源：strength 指人的力气或物体的强度,也指强项、优点；power 主要指做一件事所依靠的能力能量,人或机器等事物的潜在的或所能发挥出来的力量、职权或权力； force 主要指自然界的力量或暴力、武力、势力等。【实战练习】 (4)To regain their_after an exhausting game,the players lay and rested on the grass Aforce B.energy Cpower Dhealth(5)To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their_and weaknesses Aforce B.energy Cpower Dstrength(6)a_failure停电blabor_劳动力 cair_空军 3.scene, scenery, sight&viewscene 是可数名词,侧重指展现在眼前的景象；scenery 是不可数名词,指一个地区景色的总称；sight 是可数名词,多指人造风景,也指自然风景,既指美好事物,也指可怕的景象；view 多指从某处看到的景色。 【实战练习】 (7)A fine_of the city can be obtained from the top of the TV tower A.sight Bscene Cscenery Dview(8)At the railway station,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the rain was out of_ Asight Bscene Cscenery Dview(9)aonat the_现场 bthe fashionpolitical_时尚政治圈 cbirds eye_鸟瞰4.charge, cost, expence,fare, fee&pricecharge 指提供服务时索取的费用,也指货物的价格、价钱；cost 多指生产某东西的成本,或指花费的总数,包括钱、时间、劳动力等,作名词时主要指成本或代价；expense 常指实际支付的费用总额,有时也指钱的花费；farc 侧重指旅行时所付的车、船费等费用；fee 指上学、求医以及找律师等付的费用,还可指会费、借书费等；price 指商品在市场出售的价格,尤指卖方对商品所提出的单价,比喻意义是指付出的代价。【实战练习】(10)One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_ Abills B. expenses C.prices Dcharges(11)aPlease_the room to the companys account. b.The insurance company paid my medical_. c.Air_have shot up 20 % .5.accident, affair, business, event, incident&matteraccident 通常指不幸的意外事故；affair 指事情,事件；其复数形式affairs指重大事务,如国际大事等；business 指有义务去做的事或指业务、生意等；event 指重大活动或具有历史意义的事件；也可指此赛项且、社会活动等；incident 指生活中的小事或重大的历史事件；matter 当“事情”讲,等同于affair；其复数形式可表示当前的事态、状况,如to make matters worse；【实战练习】 (12)Arriving home from school,the boy told his parents all the_that occurred in his dormitory. A.matters B.incidents C.events D.businesses(13)I cant say which wine is best-its a(n) _of personal taste. A.matter B.event C.business D.incident(14)The next_will be the l00 yards race. A.affair B.accident C.event D.matter6.error, fault, mistake&shortcoming error 表示不合乎既定的标准或不经心产生的错误；fault 常指客观上存在的错误,含某人对某事负有责任的意味；mistake 侧重指由于认识或判断上的失误而犯的行动或认识上的错误； shortcoming 意为“缺点,短处”,指未能达到一定标准、未充分发展或未尽到职责。【实战练习】(15)I dont think its my_that the TV blew up.I just turned it on,thats all. A.error B.mistake C.fault D.duty(16)The driver was at_when the accident happened. A.error B.mistake C.shortcoming D.fault(17)a.find_with sb.找碴,挑毛病 b.trial and_不断尝试 c._in safety procedures安全隐患7.mark, sign, signal, spot, symbol&symptommark 指为某一目的有意故做的标记,也指无意留下或自然形成的痕迹； sign 指具有一定含义的任何有形或无形的符号、标志,可以是实物、表情、动作、文字,语言以及任何痕迹或征兆；signal 多指信号,指在警告、指挥时给予某种信息的声音、行动或物品；spot 主要指斑点、污点、地点等；symbol 常指用象征煮义的符号；symptom 指医学上的症状、征兆。【实战练习】(18)Many people like white color as it is a_of purity. A.sign B.symbol C.signal D.symptom(19)a.on the_现场,当场 b.dirty_on the floor地板上的污点 c. _of lifethe times生命迹象时代特征8.custom, habit, hobby, practicetradition custom 指一个群体或一个国家的风俗习惯,常常是指历来如此、代代相传形成的固定风俗；habit 常用于个人习惯性的行为风俗；hobby 指人的爱好,指一个人在正式从事的工作之外最喜欢干的事；practice 指习惯地、约定俗成的工作或行为方式；tradition 指古老的传统、风俗丑惯,与custom同义。【实战练习】(20)Making and eating dumplings on Chinese New Years Eve is a_on northern China. A.habit B.hobby C.practice D.tradition(21)Drinking a glass of milk before going to bed is my usual_. A.custom B.hobby C.practice D.tradition9.case, circumstance, surroundings, environment, condition, situation&statecase 指情况、情形、实例；circumstance 指某种事件或动作发生时的“周围情况”,一般用复数；surroundings指“周围事物”、“周围环境”,只指具体的事物,一定要用复数；environment 是环境的总称,包括物质的、精神的；condition 指由于一定的原因、条件或环境所产生的特定情况；构成短语in good/bad condition；situation 指对社会、人产生影响的大形势、普遍状况；state 指人的外观、思想、健康等或事物的外观、环境等的状态,常构成短语in astate。 【实战练习】(22)Its important for us to employ a word or phrase according to the_ in language studies. A.situation B.expression C.condition D.translation(23)Today,well discuss a number of_where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A.expression B.condition C.transtation D.cases10.consequence, effect, impact, influence, outcome&resultconsequence 常带有贬义色彩,多用于表示不好的结局,通常指后果；effect 强调由某种原因引起的结果,多指直接或立即产生的效果；impact 指对人、事产生的巨大影响；influence 指对人的思想、观念、心理情绪等内在的东西产生潜移默化的影响,或对人的决定、行为等造成某种程度的影响；outcome 常用于表示悬而未决的事情或比赛、或活动的结果；result 表示最一般的结果,用途最广泛,含有最终结果的意思。【实战练习】(24)Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong _on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. A.outcome B.impact C.result D.consequence(25)Scientists are convinced the positive_of laughter on physical and mental health. A.outcome B.impact C.result D.effect(26) a.cause and_因果关系 b.face the_of your action承担你的行为的后果 11.advantage, benefit, favor, gain, interest&valueadvantage 主要指因条件、地位等优越于他人或其他事物而获得的“好处”或者“利益”,但不指物质方面的好处；benefit 指某人得到的物质方面或精神方面的好处,有时含有“恩惠”的意思；favor 含有在竞争中获得好处、益处的意思,并暗示这种好处是经过别人的认可后方获得；gain 用于指物质和精神方面的收获；interest 意为“利息,利率”,泛指金钱上获得的好处；value 指物或人自身的价值。【实战练习】(27)The board are discussing the possible_they can take of the present economic situation. A.interest B. advantage C.benefit D.profit(28)My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in_of it. A.interest B.advantage C.benefit D.favor 12.cloth, clothes&clothingcloth 指布料时,是不可数名词；表示具体的有某种用途的布时,是可数名词；clothes 是服装/服饰的总称,本身是复数形式,作主语时谓语动词用复数,它指的是成套的衣服；clothing 是衣服的总称,是不可数名词。【实战练习】(29)These famous singers or actors often spend half of their income on_. A.dressing B.dress C.cloth D.clothing13.career, employment, job,occupation, profession, vocation&workcareer 尤指一生的职业,可意为“事业,生涯”；employment 指为取得报酬而受雇或受聘的工作、职业；job 是可数名词,意为一切有收入的工作;也可指一份工作或一个职业；occupation 意为“职业”,是正式的用语；profession 一般指经过特殊训练和良好教育的职业,如医生或律师等；vocation 主要指尽义务或献身帮助他人而不完全是为了维持生计的职业；work 是不可数名词,多指人的体力或脑力劳动。【实战练习】(30)The schools themselves admit that not all children will he successful in the_for which they are being trained.A.career B.occupation C.profession D.vocation(31)he realized that his acting_ (profession,vocation,career)was over when people began to forget him.14.facility, instrumentequipmentfacility 当“设备、设施”讲,常用复数形式,指使工作顺利进行的一切东西或环境,使用范围比equipment广；当“便利、容易”讲,常用不可数形式；instrument 当“工具、手段、乐器”讲,均系可数名词；equipment 是不可数名词,指一台台设备、机器的总称。【实战练习】(32)Writing letters is a(n) _of communicating thoughts. A.facility B.instrument C.equipment D.approach(33)a.musical_乐器 b.fire-fighting _消防设备15.shade&shadowshade 指“阴凉处,树萌”； shadow 指“影子”,也可引申为“影响”。【实战练习】(34)Kate grew up in the_ of her film star. A.shade B.shadow C.darkness D.effect(35)People hold various _of opinion in the party. A.shades B.shadows C.darkness D.shifts16.character, personality, nature&characteristic.character 表示“性格、品质、个性”时,常与“道德、是非原则”相关；personality 表示“性格、个性、人格”时,常指私下和社交场合所体现的性情、举止等,会影响到他人对自己的印象或看法；nature 指“本性”,即天生的,无法改变的品质或性格；characteristic强调是“特征、特性”,可数名词。【实战练习】(36)The boy is like his brother in appearance but different in_. A.characteristic B.personality C.feature D.nature17.introduction, instruction&directionintroduction “介绍、引进、序言”；instruction “教导；指令；(pl.)说明,须知”；direction “方向；(pt.)说明,须知”。【实战练习】(37)Under the_ (introductions,instructions)of his teacher,Tom mastered the art of drawing。18.quality, quantity, amount&numberquality “质量”；quantity “数量”；amount “数量”,后接不可数名词；number “数量,后接可数名词的复数形式。【实战练习】(38)Large_ (quantities,amounts,numbers)of water are wasted in the process of producing steel.19.wealth&fortunewealth 不可数名词,“财产、财富”(a large amount of money and possessions)；fortune 可数名词,“大笔的钱、命运”；不可数名词,“机会、运气”。【实战练习】(39)She is hoping her US debut(收场演出)will be the first step on the road to fame and_. A.fortune B.wealth C.fortunes D.possessionmand&mastercommand 名词可作“掌握,运用能力”讲,如have(a)good command of English；master 动词,“掌握”。【实战练习】(40)Jerry has a good_ (command,master)of computer skills.21.note, bill, cash&checknote “钞票”；bill “帐单”,“(美)钞票”；cash “现金”；check “支票”。【实战练习】(41)a.pay the_埋单 b._inout登记结帐 c.a ten-pound _10元票22.brain, head&mindbrain “大脑”,“智力、脑力”,也可指“最聪明的人”；head “头部、脑袋”；mind “意识、思维、脑海、心态、心思,也可指“聪明的人”。【实战练习】(42)a.It doesnt take much_to work out the problem. b.Great_think alike. c.Her_is completely occupied by the new baby.23.income, salarywageincome “收入”,不仅限于工资,还包括其他方面的收益,如奖金等；salary 通常指非体力劳动雇员按年、月、周付的薪金；wage 一般指工人或服务人员等体方劳动者的工资,常用复数。【实战练习】 (43)The workers of the car factory were striking for more_. A.salaries B.wages C.incomes D.economies24.idea, concept, opinion, thought, viewmessageidea 含义较广,指具体的思想、念头、主意或意见等；concept 有两层含义,其一为“概念”,其二为“想法或观念”；opinion “意见”；thought 指经过思考而形成的一般的思想、看法或概念；view 表示对某事物的特殊看法；message “信息”。【实战练习】(44)Just ten years ago,the_of having computers and getting on the Internet at home seemed far-fetched for most Chinese,but now it is very popular among Chinese. A.idea B.concept C.view D.opinion(45)Although against my point of_,the old professor didnt come up with his own. A.idea B.concept C.view D.opinion(46)What is your_on the present international situation? A.idea B.message C.thought D.opinion25.traffictransportationtraffic 不可数名词,指“车辆和行人,交通（量）”；transportation抽象名词,“交通”。26.back, padkage, packete&parcel pack “纸包,背包”,“一群(人、动物）； package “包裹”,“一揽子；packet “小包”；parcel “包裹”。 panioncompanycompanion “伙伴,同伴,同事”；company “陪伴；公司”。28.act, action, behavior, deed, peration&performanceact 指具体短暂的行为；action 指行为的完成过程,不指一次性的具体动作；behavior 指在他人面前或特殊场合的行为,尤指交际上的举止；deed 抽象或具体的行为；也指好事、事迹；operation 指有计划的行为、行动；performance 常指表演性质的行为。 【实战练习】(47)a.take_采取措施 b.give a_演出 c.on your best_最好表现29.skill, technique&technologyskill 指通过培训和练习获得的能完成某项任务的能力；technique 指具体做事的方法或者技巧；technology 是“工业技术”或“科学技术”的总称,为不可数名词；如果指一门工业技术或应用科学则是可数名词。【实战练习】(48)With the help of high_, (skill,technique,technology)more and more new substances have been discovered in the past years.30.awardreward award “奖品”,“奖金”,其义与prize近似,两者都指因为作出杰出成就而受奖；reward “赏金、“酬金或一些非金钱的报酬。【实战练习】(49)a.The Olympic winner received a gold medal as a(n) _.b.We will offer a(n) _of ten thousand dollars for information about the case.31.source, resourcesource 根据；来源；源头；水源；resource 资源；财力。32.advice, proposal, suggestion&tipadvice 是不可数名词,着重于提意见的人有较多的经验和知识；proposal 指在较正式的场合被提出来供考虑、接受或执行的建议；suggestion 是可数名词,指为了改进或解决问题而提出的意见或办法,含有不一定正确、仅供参考之意；tip 指一些生活中的小提示、小窍门等。33.aim, ambition, goal, intention, object&purposeaim 指具体、明确的奋斗目标；ambition 侧重指一个人的雄心壮志；goal 指经过艰苦努力才能到达的目标；intention 指打算,但不一定有行动；object 多指比较远大的、抽象且专一的目的；purpose 着重指达到目的的决心。【实战练习】 (50)His_in life is to be a great musician.After many efforts,he finally realized his dream. A.aim B.purpose C.goal D.intention二、动词辨析34.achieve, gain, attain, acquire, earn, obtain&winachieve 多指成就、目标、幸福的取得；gain 指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；attain 指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果,也可指达到某一目标； acquire 多指经过努办逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于对财物等的获得,该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义；earn 指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇,主要指获得金钱、荣誉等理应得到东西；obtain 也指经过努力获得某一结果,其宾语多为期望已久的东西；win 指在比赛或竞赛中赢得或取得胜利,其宾语为奖品、比赛等。【实战练习】(51)If people feel hopeless,they dont bother to_the skills they need to succeed. A.acquire B.earn C.achieve D.obtain35.attend, join, join in, participate in&take part inattend 侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等；join普通用词,指加人党派、团体或游戏活动等,并成为其中的一员；join in 指加入某个活动中；participate in正式用词,特指参加团体活动,暗示以一个积极的角色参加；take part in 侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动,突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。【实战练习】(52)There are many clubs for you to choose,which one would you like to_ A. join in B.attend C.join D.take part in36.after, change, transfer, transformvaryaiter 指局部和表面的变化,没有变成另外一个事物；change 是最普通的词,可指任何变化；transfer 强调从一处转移到另一处；transform 指人、物在性质上或形态上发生彻底或基本的变化；vary 尤指不断地变化或使其多样性。【实战练习】(53)Features such as height,weight,and skin color_from individual to individual and from face to face. A.change B.alter C.transform D.vary37.check, examind, test&inspectcheck 强调检验事物是否与预料中的现象或者标准一致；examine 强调仔细检查以找出线索或发现问题；也可指大型的考试；test 强调检验某人的品质、能力或某物的质量、性能等；也指小型的测试；inspect 强调上级对下级的检查或视察。【实战练习】(54)When planning air travel,one of the most important rules is to plan well in advance and_your tickets to make sure all the information is correct. A.examine B.check C.test D.experiment38.fit, match, meet&suitfit 只指衣服的尺寸适合某人；match 指物与物之间的相配；meet 指某项工作适合某人,也指遇见、碰见某人或某物；suit 指颜色、样式、时间、口味、场合等适合某人。【实战练习】(55)Lets make it next Friday；Does it_you? A.fit B.suit C.meet D.match39.damage, harm, hurt, injure&wounddamage 主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失,这种损失或因自然灾害所致,或因人为造成；harm 可以泛指任何伤害,而且经常是隐性的；do harm tohurt 既指对身体造成的伤害,也指对精神、感情等造成的伤害；还表示疼痛；injure 指对身体造成的轻度伤害,也指对感情、名誉、机会等的不利影响；wound 指在战争、攻击中受到的伤害,一般有明显的伤口,有时也指感情上的伤害。【实战练习】(56)If the man_in the accident hadnt been sent to hospital immediately,he would not be sitting at home with his family now. A.damaged B.injured C.harmed D.wounded40.damage, destroy&ruindamage 是程度较小的“破坏、损坏”,一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复；destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏、毁坏”,程度较深；另外,也可用于损坏抽象的东西,比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等；ruin 指严重的以至于不能修复的“破坏”,但这种破坏不指毁灭事物,而是指长期损坏的结果。它也可用来表示抽象概念。【实战练习】(57)The floods in the south of China in l998 have_many houses,leaving thousands of people homeless. A.harmed B.damaged C.destroyed D.hurt41.bother, disturb, trouble, interrupt&interferebother和disturb都指扰乱某人而使之心绪不安；trouble 通常指因一些小事麻烦别人； interrupt 指打断或中断某事；interfere 强调干扰、干预、中断事情的连续性。【实战练习】(58)In order to impress us with the point,the professor_his speech to bring us some flashes.A.disturbed B.interrupted C.bothered D.troubled42.assure, ensure, guarantee, insure&secureassure 通常指消除某人思想上的怀疑或担心；ensure 强调使人确信某个行为或力量产生的后果；guarantee 意思是“保证”,指对事物的质量或人的品质提出保证；insure 多用于社会福利或经济方面的保险；secure 指有把握保证不遭受某种意外事故。【实战练习】(59)He was proud of being chosen to participate in the Olympic Games and he _us that he would try as hard as possible. A.insured B.guaranteed C.assumed D.assured 43.beat, defeat&winbeat 当“战胜”讲,后面接“对手、敌人”等；defeat 当“挫败”讲,后面也接“对手、敌人”等；win 当“赢得”讲,后面接“战争、比赛、竞赛、奖项”等。【实战练习】(60)Who_the womens national springboard championship? A.beat B.defeated C.knocked D.won44.ignore, neglectoverlookignore 强调主观上故意疏忽、不理睬；neglect 强调因为关注太少而疏忽、忽略；overlook 多指由于粗心或放任而没有看出来或未采取行动。【实战练习】(61)Mr.Wang is so busy in writing the novel that he_his health. A.ignores B.neglects C.overlooks D.forgets45.beat, hit, strike&knockbeat “连续地打击或敲”,“打败(对手)”；hit “(一次性地)打”；strike “急速或突然地用力击打”；knock “敲,撞”。【实战练习】(62)When the terrible earthquake_Wenchuan on May l2th,the students were having classes in the classrooms. A.beat B.hit C.knocked D.shot(63)I was still sleeping when the fire_,and then it spread quickly. A.broke B.struck C.knocked D.shot(64)a.This was a problem that_even the experts. b.The bird was_its wings. c.A team of boys are _drums. d.The boy _her on the head. e.He was_by her beauty.46.wear, dress, put on, have onbe inwear 指穿、戴的状态,可用于进行时；dress 指穿的动作,构成dress sb./oneself(给某人/自己穿衣)；也常用“be dressed in+衣服的颜色”；put on 指穿的动作；have on 指穿的状态,无进行时；be in 指穿的状态,后接颜色。【实战练习】(65)It only takes me about five minutes to_myself in the morning. A. wear B.dress C.put on D.have on47.exchange, replace&substituteexchange 强调通过贸易或以物换物的手段,也指用一样东西交换另一样东西；引申为交流经验、思想等；replace 指物和人以各种原因替换,尤指用新的东西代替旧的、破损的或失去的东西,常与介词by或With搭配；substitute 表示“代替”,常与介词for搭配。 【实战练习】(66)While people may refer to computer for up-to-minute news,it is unlikely that computer will_the newspapers or television completely. A.exchange B.transfer C.replace D.remove48.afford, offer, supplyprovide afford 是书面语,一般以抽象事物作宾语。常构成搭配afford sb.sth.=afford sth.to sb.；offer 有“(主动)拿给,给予”的意思；相当于give,后可接名词或代词作宾语,也可接双宾语,即offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb；supply 着重指“满足所需要或欠缺的东西”,一般需要付费。常构成搭supply sth.to sth./sb.=supply sth./sb.with sth.；provide 着重指“有远见而事先做充分的贮备”,往往是免费供给。常构成搭配provide sth.for sth./sb.=provide.sth./sb.with sth.。【实战练习】 (67)Theyve_us l50,000 for the hofise.Shall we take it? A.provided B.supplied C.shown D.offered49.manage, try&attemptmanage 指经过一番努力后设法做成某事；try和attempt都意为“试图做”,可能成功,也可能不成功,但attempt更侧重冒险、可能失败等含义。 【实战练习】(68)Since I broke my leg,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.My friends are_to find out if the injury was serious. A.managing B.trying C.offering D.attempting50.refuse, decline&rejectrefuse 是普通用词,多指主观上不肯接受或不愿做；decline 指婉言谢绝；reject 意为“拒绝、抵制”,语气较强,多用于外交、贸易条款之类的正式场合。51. delay, postpone & put offdelay 强调因某种困难或障碍而延误,延误的时间不确定；postpone和put off常指因客观原因或意外事故推迟,后面常接推迟的时间,postpone比put off正式些。【实战练习】(69)一Why are there no people in this room?Im sorry,I forgot to inform you that the meeting has been_unt
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