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ELEMENTS OF THE SENTENCE(句子成分）句子中的单词或词组在句子可以充当：句子中的单词或词组在句子可以充当：主语、谓语（连系动词）、宾语主语、谓语（连系动词）、宾语/表语、定语、状语表语、定语、状语等成分。等成分。People leave some tips in restaurants.She is studying very hard.Li Hui can speak two foreign languages fluently.主语谓语动词定语宾语状语Peoplesometipsin restaurants.leaveLi Huican speak two foreignlanguagesfluently.very hard.Sheis studyingPets are our friends.The teacher was not pleased with my answer.Helen looked worried yesterday.主语连系动词定语表语状语Petsourfriends.arewith my answer.Helenlookedworriedyesterday.pleasedTheteacherwas not1. Linda opened the present in front of her guest. 2. The guests brought their favourite foods to the party.3. My mum seldom gets angry with me.4. The taxi driver got a big tip.5. They were pleased with the hotel service.6. The picture looked beautiful.7. Mr. White cleaned all the rooms with a vacuum cleaner.8. People usually shake hands with each other when they meet for the first time.主语主语定语定语谓语谓语宾语宾语状语状语主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语状语状语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语主语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语定语定语宾语宾语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语状语连系连系表语表语表语表语表语表语连系连系连系连系OBJECT CLAUSES 宾语从句宾语从句1. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）什么是什么是宾语宾语？ I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me? 宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后一、宾语从句的概念从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序时时 态态由从属连词由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句（一）引导词1 12 23 3注：注：that 在句中无词汇意义在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在从句中不能充当成分，只起到了引导从句的作用，在口语当中往往省略。只起到了引导从句的作用，在口语当中往往省略。 由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句if/ whether “是否是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。等后。由由连接代词连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及及连接连接副词副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。有一定的意义，不可省略。vI know he lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago . vI have heard that he will come tomorrow .1.主句用与现在或将来有关的时态，从句可用任何时态，主句用与现在或将来有关的时态，从句可用任何时态， 根据实际情况而定。根据实际情况而定。What does he/she say?We will have an English test next week.He says (that) we will have an English test next week.Mike often plays football at weekends.She says (that) Mike often plays football at weekends.Mr White is reading in the living room.He says (that) Mr White is reading in the living room.Tom has been to America six times.She says (that) Tom has been to America six times.2.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时）， 从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vI knew who lived here. vI saw she was talking with her mother. vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. vHe said that he had seen it .What did she/he say?We will have an English test next week.He said that we would have an English test next week.Mike often plays football at weekends.She said that Mike often played football at weekends.Mr White is reading in the living room.He said that Mr White was reading in the living room.Tom has been to America six times.She said that Tom had been to America six times. The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard that he went to Paris last night.1. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时， 仍用一般现在时。仍用一般现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun.2. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生 在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。注意：注意：1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. I hear they _ (return) it already. 4. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) will be will go have returned had been riseseg. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来）（一小时后他会回来） he will be back in an hour2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）（他非常想念我们）3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）（地球围着太阳转） he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . I dont know what did he want to buy . I dont know what he wanted to buy .主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分） Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened? 注：当从句的原句为以下句子注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及以及what, who作主语时，作主语时，语序不变语序不变：eg: I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Can you tell me who he is ?做主语做主语做宾语做宾语1.He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题）谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you know_? （他们在等谁）（他们在等谁）who could answer the questionwhom they are waiting for3. He asked _. （谁的书法是班上最好的）（谁的书法是班上最好的）4. Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会）（我们什么时候开会）5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿）（他在哪儿） whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is8. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站）（我该怎么去车站）9. Would you tell me _ . （为什么火车迟到了）（为什么火车迟到了） how I can get to the station why the train is late注意：THAT不能省略的2种情况（2）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时做形式宾语的宾语从句时 （ it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾）从句则放在句尾） I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. We heard it that she would get married next month.（1）当）当that作介词作介词 宾语时宾语时They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing. 只能用只能用 WHETHERWHETHER不能用不能用 IF IF 的情的情况况1. 在介词后面：在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.PRACTICE TIMEif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether宾语从句三要素时时 态态Summary (小结）小结）引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go Join the following two sentences together by using “He has said” or “He has asked” 1. He will be here to visit me very soon.2. Is Mount Huang more beautiful than you think?7. Do the animal years really tell us about the person?6. Are you interested in learning English idioms?5. Do you know his address?4. He hopes to know the truth of the story. 8. Has the film begun?3. Does Mr. Smith come from Africa? 将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what I will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework. /pet/ / 5prRblEm/ /dI5beIt/5feIvE/ /breIv/ /5lEJnlI/ 5EJnE/ /5deIndVE/ /reIz/5B:gjU:/ /tri:t/ /5frendlI/ 5:WkweIk/ /5ri:sEnt/ /5berI/E5dIFEn/ / E5tAk/1.pet n. 宠物，宠儿 pet dog/food/name keep a pet keep a dog as a pet2. debate n. /v争辩，辩论n. have a debate a fierce debate on/about sth. 一场围绕着的激烈的辩论3. favour （favor) n. do sb. a favour=give sb. a hand恩惠 Are you in favour of keeping pets?赞成 A mother shouldnt show too much favor to one of her children. 做母亲的不应过分偏爱某一个孩子。4. lonely adj.孤独的,寂寞的,孤寂的 feel lonely 系词 表语 a lonely mountain village 定语 偏僻的,人迹罕至的 loneliness n. alone adj./adv She watches TV when she is alone. The rent alone is $300. 只有,仅;单单副词 adv. For years Mary lived alone in New York. I can do it alone. 5. keep sb. company 陪伴某人/(与) 形影不离 =keep company with sb. Ritas husband is away for weeks, so I thought Id go over and _. Betty was glad to have the dog as company.（伴） set up/start a company （公司） manage/run a company （公司） keep her company6. danger 危险；风险危险；风险 He is in danger of losing his job if he goes on like this. The wounded policeman is now out of danger. adj. dangerousv. endanger7. argue vi. 争论,辩论;争吵 argue with/over/about Im not going to argue with you tonight. They were arguing about how to spend the money. The family argued over who should inherit（继承） the house.n. have an argument about/over/with8. friendly adj. be friendly to sb. n.-adj. lovely likely yearly monthly daily brotherly motherly orderly ly 8. recent adj. 最近的；进来的 a recent newspaper report/survey/study Great changes have taken place in recent years.adv. recently I havent seen him recently. =lately （完成时态）9. addition n. 加（法） do addition and subtraction The addition of fruit makes the cereal taste good. in addition/besides in addition to/besides The hotel can accommodate 80 guests and, in addition, there are several self-catering apartments. 10. problem have a problem with solve a problem no problem a problem child the solution(s) to the problem(s) Pets arefriendlyhelpfulcleverstrongbravequietprettyfunnyloyal（忠实的）（忠实的）be good for healthbe easy to take care ofLook at pictures and complete the sentencesPets are _ to people.When we feel _,Pets can _ us _.friendlylonelykeepcompanyLook at pictures and complete the sentencesWhen people are _,Some pets can _.in dangersave people_is good exercise,Walking a dogSo some pets are _peoples health.good forModel 1: A: I wonder which animal you like best . B: Cats. Cats are my favorite animals . A: Can you tell me why you like them best ? B: Because they are quiet and easy to take care of. They are also good at catching mice.friendly lovely clever strong cute quiet pretty good at funny good for easy to take care of Work in pairs to discuss which animal you like best after the model:_. _.Pets dirtydangerousnoisyterrible(sometimes) bark loudlyeven bite peopleLook at pictures and complete the sentences.People _ too much money _ pets.spend onSometimes pets are _.dirtySo they may make people _.sickLook at pictures and complete the sentences.Sometimes pets bark loudly. And they make _.a lot of noiseSome dogs even _ people.biteWhileTextA: Some students are in favour of keeping pets.B: Some students are against keeping pets.B: When we are in danger, some pets can save us.A: When we are in danger, all of the pets can save us.Listen to the first paragraph and choose the right statements.While However, other students were _ keeping pets. They think that people _ too much money on pets. In their opinion, people should donate the money to the _. In addition, some pets are very _and they make a lot of _. Some dogs even _ people. They are _. Listen to the second paragraph and fill in the blanks.WhileagainstspendpoordirtynoisebitedangerousAnswer questions for the whole text. 1. What did the students argue about yesterday?2. What can pets do when we feel lonely?3. Who can save us when we are in danger?4. Who was the winner at last? Why?*5. What can we learn from the text?They argued about whether we should encourage people to keep pets.They can keep us company when we feel lonely.Some strong pets can save us when we are in danger. postBoth sides were winners because they had good reasons. We can learn why some people keep pets and what problems there may be with pets. 1.进行一场辩论赛进行一场辩论赛2.为为争论争论3.鼓励鼓励做某事做某事4.养宠物养宠物5.赞成赞成6.根据某人的意见根据某人的意见7.对某人友好对某人友好8.与某人做伴与某人做伴9.感到孤独感到孤独10.而且而且11.对对有好处有好处12.遛狗遛狗13.一种好的一种好的运动运动have a debateargue aboutencourage sb. to dokeep petsbe in favour of/be for doingin ones opinionbe friendly to sb.keep sb. companyfeel lonelywhats more/in addition/ besidesbe good forwalk a doggood exercise14. 反对反对15. 把把捐给捐给16.穷人穷人17.发出很多噪音发出很多噪音18.双方双方19.有充分的理由有充分的理由20.咬人咬人21.挽救某人的生命挽救某人的生命be against doingdonate to sb.the poormake a lot of noiseboth sideshave good reasonsbite peoplesave ones life/livesFor or Against Keeping PetsReasons for keeping pets1. Mr. Li is my neighbor. He is seventy years old. He has no child. So he keeps a pet dog. It can _.2. Some strong dogs can _ our lives when we are in danger. Police dogs can _ as well. 3. If you keep a pet dog, _ every day is _. Whats more, if you are overweight, it can help you _. So some pet dogs do good to _.savekeep him companypeoples healthgood exerciseWhilecatch thieveswalking a doglose weightReasons against keeping pets1. Some people spend too much _on _. There are still many people who havent enough _. So some students suggest that they should _ the poor.2. Some pets are _and _. That may cause _ among neighbors.3. Some dogs even _. They are _.donate the money tomoney petsdirty noisybite peopledangerousFor or Against Keeping PetsWhilefoodtroubleWatch a video with some questions and then answer them.How many animals are there in the video? Are they all pets?Do the host and the hostess want to go on keeping the pets or get rid of one pet? Why?Which pet does the host like better? Why?Which pet does the hostess prefer? Why?Video timeAnswer the following questionsHow many animals are there in the video? Are they all pets?Do the host and the hostess want to go on keeping the pets or get rid of one pet? Why?Which pet does the host like better? Why?Which pet does the hostess prefer? Why?Three. No, they arent. The dog and the cat are pets. They want to get rid of one pet because they eat too much.He likes the dog better because he thinks dogs are mans good friends.She prefers the cat because it can keep her company and catch mice.READING Captain Shields was Bears _. Bear _ a drowning boy when he was only _. Captain Shields and Bear arrived at _ ruins 38 minutes after the attack. Bear worked for more than _ days to _ the people buried in the ruins. Because of the hard work, Bear was much _ than before. Bear died at age of _. The best title for this passage I _.ownersaveda year and a half oldthe World Trade CenterfourfindthinnertwelveThe Most Celebrated Dog in the World How old was Bear? What could Bear understand? How did Captain Shields treat Bear? Why did Bear jump into the river? When did Bear arrive at the World Trade Center? How many dogs helped at the World Trade Center? How long did they work there? What happened to Bear at last? How did people honor him?一条12岁的金毛狗手令用西班牙语把当做一岁半跳下船一个溺水男孩在9月11日的早晨a 12-year-old golden doghand commandsin Spanishtreatasa year and a half old/one and a half years oldjump off a boata drowning boyon the morning of September 11hurry to/go toin a hurryThe World Trade Center ruinsbury in the ruins350 other dogsfour more days/another four daysdrop fromtoin honor ofname sb. sth.name sb. sth. after the most celebrated dog
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