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2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译注释： In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. 在2006年上映的“穿普拉达的女王（直译，不过我更欣赏另外一个译名，时尚女魔）”中，由梅丽尔斯特里普（人名不必译出）出演的米兰达普利斯特里臭骂她那个倒霉助手的原因就一个，不解风情（unattractive一词我移到了这里，不然放在前面前后叠句，削弱语言效果），居然不懂时尚。普利斯特里宣称，这蠢丫头的衣服竟然是深蓝色的，这种款式（sweater，美式俚语中指紧身上衣）早就扔到箱子底了（from fashion shows to department stores and ）。 This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposalmeant to last only a wash or two,although they dont advertisethatand to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. 时装行业有自己的规矩（top-down，组织严密的），既不能太老套（outof date，固定搭配，过时），也不能像伊丽莎白席琳在历时三年完成的时尚一书中所指责（决，但书中的观点显然不是法律）的，搞什么快速时尚，那纯粹是赌这个世界疯不疯（odds，机会，多用于赌博）。尤其是近十年，科技的进步使得Zara、H&M、Uniqlo等世界各大时装厂商能够更快更准确地对市场需求做出反馈，这也就意味着更快捷的设计（原意为更少浪费的发明，或者说更节俭，但浪费有两种情况，一是物资，一是时间，结合上文的快速，这里指时间），更多次的展示（release有展出之意），更丰厚的利润。那些吓人的（补句，译注）服装品牌使得脑袋发热的追新族们把服装变成了商标的附属品，换言之，顶多洗两次就扔，无论时装厂商怎么说。这等于几星期就要重填一次衣柜。席琳坚称，时装厂商们就靠着玩弄这些只配白菜价的时尚潮流（dirt-cheap，非常廉价），把所有相关产业全都绑在了他们的车上（意译，直译为使所有产业服从于一种周期性变化）。 The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals. 这么做（revolution有革命之意，也是国内英语教材通用的意思，但这里显然不是革命，联系上文周期性变化就能知道，此处指它的另外一个意思，旋转，即频繁更新），折腾的不光是服装设计师。以H&M为例，他们在全球有2300多家分店，若想同时推出一款售价为5.95美元的超短裙（还能挣到钱，补句），只能从海外劳工的工资上下手，而且，生产过程中会产生大量有害化学物质，频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。 “Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,”Cline argues, Americans, shefinds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a yearabout 64 items per personand no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste. 席琳认为，快速时尚其实就是迈克尔波伦（美国专栏作家，他认为由于人口大量增加，工业化农业运作与人自身需求的满足产生了矛盾，译注）杂食动物的困境一书中所提问题在服装界的镜像，就和快餐一样，纯属用来填饱肚子的，既不好吃也不好看（此句的快速时尚稍难理解，它指的是快速时尚的另外一层含义，由于频繁更新而导致的浪费）。她算了算，美国人一年购置服装多达二百亿件，相当于每人六十四件，不管这些衣服后来用处如何，光这样大规模生产本身就是浪费。 Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introducedher ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her ownclothesand beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, cant be knocked off. 在书末，席琳介绍了一个人，家住布鲁克林（纽约一个区，可能人们最熟悉的是布鲁克林大桥，译注）的SKB（此处可能有误，因为美国人姓名可以用简写，但作为礼节，简写后面必然有点号，而且姓氏应该指出，估计是出题时遗漏或者枪版之误，译注），这位女士自2008年就一直自己缝衣裁布，而且做的不错。不过席琳也承认，博蒙特（Beaumont，即上句所说的SKB）的手艺花了几十年才学会，以她做例子，难以服众（knock off固定搭配，去除，这个词组有个很少见的意思，成交， Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on laborand the environmentincluding H&M, with its green Conscious Collection LineCline believes lasting-change canonly be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford to it. 几大时装厂商，都在设法减轻劳工和环境的压力，H&M甚至发起了“自觉环保”行动（Conscious Collection是H&M设计的一个时装系列，更多采用比如棉布等天然材料，以利于环保，译注），不过席琳认为除非消费者们改变观念，否则还是白费力气（effect可用作动词，指达到目的）。席琳的理念从可持续发展的角度是对的，但有些理想化。毕竟虚荣心人皆有之。说句笑话（补句），当人们买不起的时候，去商店的次数自然而然就会减少。 2013年考研外语阅读理解第二篇全文翻译注释：任何软件开发商都在明里暗里收集客户的信息，最简单也是最为人所知的大概就是系统升级，这些都在后台而且大部分都在未知的情况下进行。通过这些信息采集，比如你经常上网浏览哪些网站，哪些点击率比较多，可以更快捷地了解客户的口味从而做出针对性服务。我在北京百度公司总部就见过这种，电子屏幕上实时更新着现在最高频的搜索词是哪个。虽然未必是恶意的，但在极端重视保护个人隐私的美国，这些事实上侵犯了个人隐私权。2010年起，美国政府要求所有网络公司注意这种信息采集，微软公司率先响应，其实这么做更多是个姿态，因为很难说到底网络流量中哪些算是个人隐私。但这样做却符合了大众的心理，不能不说，微软独霸天下确有其过人之处。 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on andsay online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.有句老话，广告开销中一半是多余的。问题在于，你不知道哪些可以算到这一半里。不过，在理论上讲，互联网时代不至于到这个程度。因为只要统计一下大众搜索的热词，在线点击率的高低就很容易了解人们的口味。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?近来，这种拉网式的信息统计开始受到质疑（fine-grained，纹理细密的），公众乐意被跟踪统计吗？这种数据采集又获得了谁的授权？In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not wantto be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（如无法正确翻译该词汇，可以直接写出简写FTC）建议互联网浏览器开发商在浏览器中加入“拒绝采集（DNT）”功能，点击它就可以发出后台信息，表明该用户不希望被采集。微软和苹果公司均已在其各自的勘探者和狩猎者浏览器中增加该功能（此处注意，通常的口语习惯直接称IE和Safari，但在正式的翻译中，必须译成各自的汉语词汇，这个地方一直存在争议，On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due toappear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.5月31日，微软公司率先发布公告（），配置于视窗-8操作系统的勘探者-10浏览器中将把拒绝采集设定为默认选项。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unableto tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.尚不清楚各大公司会作何反应。发送DNT不等于可以叫停跟踪采集，用不着听那些旦旦誓言。现在还无法判断公众是愿意自行选择发送DNT还是像微软那样直接把DNT作为默认选项，（不过如果是前者，补句），可能会有用户忽略该选项而在不知情的情况下被采集。（解释一下，如果默认为DNT而必须主动选择，很多用户可能根本不知道有这个选项而出现不知情的后台操作，微软的做法可能有点偏激但从客户的角度似乎更合适。）Also unclearis why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will becomethe norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacyofficer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control."Could it really be that simple?现在也不清楚微软为何要甩开其他公司单干（gone it alone固定搭配，单干，多用于完成时态），毕竟（Atter all应为after all之误），它也是家需要数据采集的企业，然而它却明确表示将配合DNT，不过微软在如何做到这点上似乎也是一头雾水。如果微软是为了击败谷歌，那它必须采用DNT默认发送策略。虽然微软公司多方比较（意译，原意为同谷歌公司以前开发的产品相对比），但就视窗-8操作系统而言，DNT似乎不是什么叫座的亮点。微软首席隐私官，布兰登林奇宣称（bloggde未见此词，如果不是枪版的问题，我怀疑是blog guide，撰写博客的简写），“用户应当有更多的权限”可是，真是这么简单2013年考研外语阅读理解第三篇全文翻译 注释：未来总是隐藏在迷雾中，借助已有的知识推测未来贯穿于整个已知的和我可以预见的人类文明史，尤其在工业化和信息化革命大幅度提升人类改造自然的能力并带来相当严重的后果之后，注重实证的西方科学体系甚至产生了过去干脆叫神棍的未来学。人类的未来如何，甚至于人类能否存在到下个世纪甚至下个十年，争议一直不断，但我始终相信一点，在明天，在黑暗之后，太阳照常升起 the sun rises as usual。 我在 Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.曾经，人类的未来似乎一片光明（意译，直译为前景辽阔，蒸蒸日上，只是发展 各异）。科技的发展必定能治愈顽疾，满足需求，提供契机。 Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.然而如今梦想已成灰（utopia乌托邦，unfashionable过时的），我们要面对的是更可怕的现实，彗星撞地球、重度流感，甚至气候变更。人类的未来看来一片灰暗（意译，直译为你可能不知不觉地认为人类只有很少可期待的未来）。But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read:"Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."如果你这么认为，那你就错了（意译，直译为这种灰暗放错了地方，gloominess黑暗，沮丧）。化石资料表明很多物种曾生存百万年之久，凭什么认为人类不能？纵观地球生物史（universe是太空之意，但考虑到地外生命尚无任何可靠证据，还是转译为地球更合适），人类的辉煌不过是近几百年的事情（人类完全具备对抗自然的能力是从工业革命时代开始起的，农耕时代的人类文明可以自保，但开发利用自然那个时代还称不上，所以我改变了这里的年代的对应译法，译注），较之其他生物的数以万计的生存周期还早着呢。国际自然保护联合会（全名为国际自然与自然资源保护联合会，总部设于瑞士， So what doesour deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence . 人类未来何在？已经有越来越多的组织和个人开始认真思考这个问题。这方面最知名的努力之一（flagship project旗舰项目）莫过于美国恒今基金会（美国学者StewartBrand1994年成立的非政府组织，主旨是思考人类未来，该组织在1999发起了该组织最大的一项活动，用4200万美元建立一座万年钟，放于Texas州深山里，依靠太阳能运作并对时，这是货真价实的万年钟。额外说一句，提起来就恼火，笔者在1994年买了一个万年钟，可以指示星期日月和阴历，没想到2006年就自动跳回到了1994年，大概生产厂家也没想到它能运作这么久。这个只能运行十二年的万年钟至今仍放在笔者的办公桌上，看看它在保证电力运行的情况下到底能扛多久，顺便也可以当个电子表用。译注）建造的一座精密时钟（medicalclock医疗用时钟，转译为精密时钟，译注），理论上讲，它可以准确 运行上千年。 Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. 吃饱了撑的？也许（willfully固执任性），不过很有意思的是推测一万年后的事物往往比推测明天要发生什么容易得多。人类科学的飞跃，及其可能带来的社会影响已经远远超出了预期，后天究竟会发生什么还是让科幻小说家和未来学家们去操心好了（意译，直译为留待科幻小说家和未来学家们去研究将要面对的可能）。这也就是为何要发行面向未来的“彩虹”刊物的原因之一（此处可能不准， 叫Arc的组织和刊物书籍实在太多了）。 But take alonger view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.不过，总的说来，人类仍然能够在相当的程度上把握未来。毕竟，未来源于过去（意译，直译为开启未来的钥匙在于过去）。而人类对于地球和自身的历史已经有了相当的了解，基于此也完全可以对未来如何做出有一定说服力的预测。 This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.远眺未来，依旧美好（意译，直译为从长远看，对人类未来抱着悲观的声音正在减弱），当然，不可能永远光辉普照（意译，直译为未来不会总是