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阅读理解Passage 1There are stories about two U S . preside nts An drew Jacks onand Marti n Van Buren which attempt to explain the AmericanEnglish term OK. We dontknow if either story is true , but theyare both in teresti ngThe first expla nati on is based on the fact that Preside ntJacks on had very little educatioiIn fact,he had difficultyreading and writing.When important papers came to Jacksonhe tried to read them and then had his assistants explain whatthey saidf he approved of a paper he would write“all correct.The)pribblem was that he didntknow how to spell.So what hereally wrote was“ol koreAfterawhile,he shortened that termto.“OKThe sec ond expla nati on is based on the place wherePreside nt Van Bure n was born. Kin derhook, New York. VanBnren frie nds orga ni zed a club to help him become President They caned the club the Old Kinderhook Club , and anyonewho supported Van Buren was called“OKPassage 1 这里要讲述 Andrew Jackson 和 Martin Van Buren这 2 届美国总统的小故事。这 2 个小故 事也许可以解释美语中OK词的来历。故事的真实性我们不得而知，不过内容却很有意思。第一个解释来源于总统 Andrew Jackson 的故事。AndrewJackson 几乎没有受到过什么教 育，事实上，他对于日常的读写都有困难。当收到重要文件的时候，在尝试阅读之后， 还是让他的助手帮忙解释文件的内容。如果批准一份文件，An drew Jackson 就在上面写“all correcto 麻烦的是，他不知道怎么这 2 个单词怎么拼写，因此，实际上他在文件上 写的是“ol korekt。过了不久，他又把这 2 个单词缩写为“OK。第二个解释来源于总统 Martin Van Buren 的家乡的名字-纽约的 Kinderhook。为了帮助 Van Buren 成为总统，他的朋友为此组织了一个社团。他们把这个社团叫做OldKinderhook Club，社团中支持 Van Buren 的人都被称为 “OK31. The author CA. believes both of the stories B. doesntbelieve a wordof the storiesC. is not sure whether the stories are true D. is telling thestories just for fun32. Accordi ng to the passage Preside nt Jackson D _A . couldntdraw up any documents at all B. didn t like toread important papers by himselfC. often had his assistants sign documents for himD .wasntgood at reading, writing or spelli ng33. According to the first story, the term “ O _CA. was approved of by Preside nt Jacks on B. was the title ofsome Official docume nts C. was first used by Preside ntJacks on D. was an old way to spell “ all correct34 .According to the second story the termold Kin derhooB Cluteanttheplace where Preside ntVan Bure n was bornC . was the n ame of Van BureclubD . was used to call Van Burerssupportersin the electio n35 . Accord ing to the sec ond story the term“ OK was first usBd _OD。A . was the short way to sayA. by Van Bure n B. in a preside ntial elect ionC . to orga nize the Old Kin derhook ClubClub ”D . by the members of the OldKinderhookPassage 2Although the Un ited States covers so much land and theland produces far more food than the prese nt populatio n needpits people are by now almost en tirely an urba n societyLess than a tenth of the people are engaged in agriculture andforestry 林业),and most of the rest live in or around tow ns,small and large. Here the traditi onal picture is cha nging everysmall tow n may still be very like other small tow ns , and thetypical small tow n may represe nt a widely accepted view ofthe coun try, but most America ns do not live in small tow nsany more.Half the population now lives in some thirtymetropolitan areas(1arge cities with their suburbs、of morethan a million people each a larger proportion than inGermany or England, let alone France. The statistics 统计)ofurban and rural population should be treated with cauti onbecause so many people who live in areas classified as ruraltravel by car to work in a n earby tow n each day As the rush tolive out of tow n continues, rural areas with in reach of tow nsare gradually filled with houses, so that it is hard to say at whatmome nt a piece of country becomes a suburb But more andmore the typical America n lives in a metropolita n rather tha na small tow n environmentPassage 2尽管美国幅员辽阔， 而且土地所产出的粮食远远超过现有人口的需求，现今的美国却几 乎完全是个都市化的国家。不足十分之一的人口在从事农业和林业，而剩余的大多数人 都居住在大大小小的城镇中或者城镇的周围。 传统的景象在这里不断发生着变化：小的 城镇之间仍然彼此十分相似，典型的小城镇还是呈现出大家心目中的乡村的风貌；但是 大部分的美国人却不再住在小城镇了。现在半数的人口都在大约 30 几个大都市地区 （包 括附近郊区的大型城市） 这种大都市地区的人口都在百万以上，总的都市人口数量 远远超过德国和英国，更不用说法国了。城市和乡村的人口统计需要特别对待，因为我 们所谓的住在乡村的人们， 每天都会开车前往附近的城镇工作。 当远离城镇居住的热潮 持续的情况下，城镇周围的乡村地区逐渐盖满了房屋。那么说不定什么时候，一块乡村 的地区就变成了城市的郊区。不过，典型的美国人还是越来越趋向于居住在大都市而不 是小城镇的环境中。36. If now America has 250 million people. how many of themare engaged in agriculture and forestry? ( C )A.About 25 million .B. More than 25 million .C. Less than 25 million.D. Less than 225 million37.Which of the following four countries has the smallestproportion of people living in metropolita n areas? ( C )A . United States B. Germany.C . France.D . England.38 . What s the meaning of the word“ metropolitan” in the middleof the passage? (A)A .Of a large city with its suburbsBOf small andlarge townsC Of urban areasD Of rural areas39According to the passage，what can we learn about smalltowns in the United States?(B) A Most small towns becomegradually crowded B Small towns are still similar to eachotherCAs the traditional picture is changing，towns aredifferentD .Small towns are turning into large cities 40Whyis it hard to say when a piece of country becomes asuburb?( C )A Because they are the sameB Because therush takes place too quicklyCBecause the process is gradual DBecause moreand more Americans live in metropolitan areasPassage 3If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not rememberBut if we had kept a book and had written in it an account ofwhat we did each day， we should be able to give an answer tothe question.It is the same in history Many things have been forgottenbecause we do not have any written account of themSometimes men did keep a record of the most importanthappenings in their country， but often it was destroyed by fire orin a warSometimes there was never any written record at allbecause the people of that time and place did not know how toWriteFor example，we know a good deal about the peoplewho lived in China ，4000 years ago, because they could writeand leave written records for those who lived after themButwe know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200years ago in central Africa because they had not learned towriteSometimes of course， even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the pastThey have heard aboutit from older people，and often songs and dances and storieshave been made about the most important happening，s andthese have been sung and acted and told for many generationsFor most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in thepastThis we may call remembered history Some of it hasnow been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us aswritten history is，because words are much more easilychanged when used again and again in speech than whencopied in writin g But where there are no written records， suchspoken stories are often very helpful Passage 3 当我们被问起准确的说书一年之前的这个时候我们正在做什么， 我们可能不得不承认记 不得了。但是，如果我们有个册子，上面记录了每天我们做过什么的话，这个问题就不 难给出答案了。 对于历史的记录也是如此。 许多事情由于没有任何书面的记录而被人遗忘。有时也有人 会对于他们国家发生的重要事件进行记录，但是这些记录往往毁于火灾或者战乱。有时 也因为那个地方或那个时代的人不会写字，而根本不会有书面记录的存在。譬如说，因 为中国 4 千年前的古人会写字而且给后人留下了很多文献，所以我们对那个时代的中国 人十分了解；但是对于甚至 2 百年前的中非人，由于他们不会写字，而使我们对其几乎 一无所知。当然了， 有的时候就算人们不会写字， 对于过去的历史也会多少有些了解。也许是从老一辈的那里听说的， 或者从一些由重大事件编出的歌曲和舞蹈中了解的一一这些传说和歌舞是从很多辈人流传下来的。 很多人都喜欢夸耀他们的父辈在过去的丰功伟绩，我们 把这个叫做“emembered history”（记忆中的历史）。现在一些记忆中的历史已经变成了 文字而保留了下来。 由于反复经过口头传送的历史远比书面记录的历史变化大，这种历 史不如书面历史那么精确和有价值。但是，在没有书面历史存在的时候，这种口头流传 的故事就很有帮助了。41. Which of the follow ing ideas is not suggested in thepassage?（D ）A.“Remembered history compared with writtenhistory，is less reliableB. Written records of the past play the most importantrole in our learning of the huma n history.C. A written accountof our daily activities helps US tobe able to answer many questi ons.D. Where there are no written records there is nohistory.42. We know very little about the central Africa 200 yearsago because_D_A . there was nothing worth being written down at thattimeB .the people there ignored the importance of keeping arecordC. the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fireD. the people there did not know how to write43 . “ Remembered history ” referDto _A . history based on a perso imag in ati onB .stories of importa nt happe nings passed dow n frommouth to mouthC .songs and dan ces about the most importa nt eve ntsD .both B and C44 . “ Remembered history ” is regarded as valuableonly wBen .A. it is writte n dow nB .no writte n acco unt isavailableC . it proves to be timeD . people are in terested in it45 .The passage suggests that we could have lear nedmuch more about our past tha n we do now if the an cie ntpeople had _AA . kept a writte n record of every past eve nt B. not bur nttheir writte n records in wars C . told exact stories of the mostimporta nt happe nings D . made more songs and dancesPassage 1When Mrs . Joseph Groeger died recently in ViennaAustria，people asked the obvious “ Whydid she live to be107?” An swersvere provided by a survey con ducted among148 Vienn ese men and wome n who had reached the age of10CBomewhat surpris ing was the fact that the majority hadlived most of their lives in cities . In spite of the city image asan un healthy place, city livi ng ofte n provides ben efits thatcountry livi ng can lack . One factor seems to be importa nt tothe Ion gevity 长寿）of those in terviewed .This factor is exercise . in the cities it is often faster to walkshort distances than to wait for a bus . Eve n tak ing public transportati on ofte n requires some walki ng Smaller apartme nthouses have no elevators 电梯）,and so people must climbstairs . City people can usually walk to local supermarketsSince parking spaces are hard to find , there is often no alternative to walki ng.On the other hand, those who live in the country andsuburbs do not have to walk every day. In fact, the opposite isofte n true To go to school, work, or almost any where elsethey must ride in carsPassage 1在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger 的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：为什么她可以活到 107 岁呢？ ”当对 148 个 100 岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后， 我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生 活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的， 但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村 缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。 就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就 不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。 在停车位如此难找的情况下，往 往没有别的选择只有步行。另一方面， 那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。 事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通 工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。Passage 1在奥地利的维也纳，最近当一位名为Joseph Groeger 的老妇人过世的时候，人们忍不住要问：为什么她可以活到 107 岁呢？ ”当对 148 个 100 岁以上的维也纳人进行调查之后， 我们得出了答案。有点让人惊讶的是，这些人中的多数人都大部分的人生都是在都市生 活的。尽管城市给我们的印象一直都是不利于健康的， 但是城市生活往往提供一些乡村 缺乏的便利。其中有一个就是这些被调查者长寿的重要因素。这个因素就是锻炼。在城市，对于比较短的路程，往往走路比你等着坐公车去更快捷。 就算去搭乘一些公共交通工具也经常要走一段路程。较小的公寓一般没有电梯，人们就 不得不爬楼。城市人还经常步行去附近的超市买东西。 在停车位如此难找的情况下，往 往没有别的选择只有步行。另一方面， 那些住在乡村和郊区的人反而无需每天走路。 事实上，他们每天都乘坐交通 工具，去上学，去上班，或者去其他任何地方，都必须开车前往。31.The Viennasurvey may help to explain_C_A . the complaints of people in apartment houses B. thecause of Mrs Groegersdeath C. the Iongevity of people likeMrs. GroegerD.the image of cities in general32.The purpose of the second paragraph is to list some _B_A . ben efits of walk ingB. occasi ons for walk ing incity lifeC. comme nts made by city peopleD. problems of city living33 . To reach the third floor of a building. it would probably bemost healthful _B_A. to take the elevator B . to walk up the stairs C . to ride ina car D . to findan alter native to walk ing34 . People who live in the country probably do more driv ingtha n walk ing because _A_A . they don live n ear bus in ess areas B. they don t need the exerciseC. they never have parking problems D. they can t affordto take the bus35. A conclusion that can be drawn from this passage isthat_D_A . air pollution is not serious B. anyone can live to be 107C. country people should move to the city D . walking is ahealthful exercisePassage 2For any Englishman, there can never be any discussion as towho is the worldsgreatest dramatist （剧作家） .Only one namecan possibly suggest itself to him: that of WilliamShakespeareEvery Englishman has some knowledge,however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. All of US usewords, phrases and quotations from Shakespearewritings thathave become part of the com mon property of the English-speak ing people Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we usedrather like the oldlady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet andcomplained that it was full of well known proverbs andquotati onsShakespeare more perhaps than any other writer makesfull use of the great resources of the English Ianguage. Most ofUS use about five thousand words in our normal use ofEnglish； Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-fivethousandThere is probably no better way for a foreig ner toappreciate the rich ness and variety of the En glish Ian guagetha n by study ing the various ways in which Shakespeare useditSuch a study is well worth the effort（it is not , of course,recommended to beginners）even though some aspects ofEnglish usage and the meaning of many words, have changedsince Shakespearesday.Passage 2当提及谁是世界上最伟大的剧作家， 对于每个英国人来说， 答案都毫无疑义。只有一个 名字值得这个称号一一莎士比亚。对于我们这个最伟大的剧作家，每个英国人都有些了 解，即使很少。从莎翁的剧作中我们拿来使用的单词， 习语和引用， 已经变成了英语使 用者的通用词库中的一部分。很多时候我们可能不知道自己使用的词语的来源，就好像 一个去看过哈姆雷特的老妪回来之后抱怨剧中充满了大家都知道的谚语和引用语。 莎翁与其它作者相比， 更充分的利用了英语语言这一资源。 大多数的人日常使用不过 5000 英语词汇而已，但是莎翁在他的作品中使用了2万5千左右的词汇。对于一个外国人来说， 研读莎翁对英语丰富多彩的使用方法是欣赏英语丰富性和多样性 最好的手段。虽说从莎翁的年代至今，一些英语的用法，许多单词的意义发生了变化， 但是对莎翁作品的研究是十分有意义的。（当然， 对于初学英语的人不太推荐。 ）36. En glish people _C_A.have never discussed who is the worlgreatest dramatistB.never discuss any issue concerning the worlgreatestdramatistC.are sure who is the worlcTsgreatest dramatistD.do not care who is the worlds greatest poet and dramatist37. Every Englishman knows _AA . more or less about Shakespeare B. Shakespeare butonly slightlyC. all ShakespearwritingsD. only the name ofthe greatest English writer38 . Which of the followi ng is true? C_A . We use all the words phrases and quotations fromShakespeare writings.B.Shakespeareswritings have become the property ofthose who are learning to speak En glish.C.It is likely to be true that people often do not know theorigins of the words they useD All the words people use are take n from the writi ngs ofShakespeare39.What does the word proverb” mean? AA . Familiar sayingsB. Shakespearesplays.C.Complaints.D. Actors andactresses40.Why is it worthwhile to study the various ways in whichShakespeare used English? BA . English words have changed a lot since Shakespeare . S timeB.By doing SO one can be fully aware of the rich ness ofthe En glish Ian guageC. En glish words are now being used inthe same way as inShakespeare time D. Begi nners may have difficulty lear ning some aspects ofEn glish usagePassage 3Trees are useful to man in three very important ways : theyprovide him wood and other products； they give him shade;and they help to prevent drought 干旱）and floods.Unfortunately, in many parts of the world , man has notrealized that the third of these services is the most important Inhis eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees he has cutthem dow n in large nu mbersTwo thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cutdown its trees to build warships with which to gain itself anempire It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soilbecame bare and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, thecountry found itself faced by floods and starvatio n.Even where a government realizes the importanee of aplentiful supply of trees, it is difficult sometimes to make thepeople realize this. They cut down the trees but are toocareless to pla nt and look after new trees So, uni ess thegover nment has a good system of control, or can educate thepeople the forests slowly disappearThis does not only mea n that there will be fewer treesTheresults are eve n more seriousfor where there are tree s theirroots break the soil up allowi ng the rain to sink in,and also bind the soil.This preve nts the soil from being washed away Butwhere there are no trees the rain falls on hard ground and flowsaway on the surfacea nd this causes floods and the rain carriesaway the rich topsoil in which crops grow When all the topsoil isgone, nothing rema ins but worthless desertPassage 3树木对于人来说有 3 个重要益处：树木给人类提供木材和其他产物；树木可以让人们乘 凉；树木可有效地防止旱涝灾害。可惜的是， 在世界上许多地方， 人类没有认识到以上三个作用中，第三个是最重要的。 人们急切于从树木上快速的谋取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。两千年之前，有一个富裕和强大的国家。为了建立帝国，砍倒了树木来造战舰。帝国建 立了，但是，没有树木的土地变得荒芜和贫瘠。当帝国四分五裂的时候，整个国家发觉 自己面临的是水灾和饥荒。就算在政府认识到足够的树木储备的重要性时， 有时却很难让人民也意识到这点。人们 砍倒了树木，却疏于种植和照料树苗。因此，除非政府建立一套体制来控制或者教育人 们，否则森林就会渐渐消失。森林的消失不仅仅意味着树木的减少， 还有更严重的后果。 在有树的地方，树根不仅把 土壤粉碎成小块，便于雨水的渗入，还可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被冲刷走。但是 在没有书的地方，雨水直接落在坚硬的地面，在土地表面流走。这不仅会导致洪水，雨 水还会带走庄稼赖于生长的肥沃的表层土。当所有的表层土被冲走之后，除了毫无价值 的沙漠之外，什么也没有了。Passage 3树木对于人来说有 3 个重要益处：树木给人类提供木材和其他产物；树木可以让人们乘 凉；树木可有效地防止旱涝灾害。可惜的是， 在世界上许多地方， 人类没有认识到以上三个作用中，第三个是最重要的。人们急切于从树木上快速的谋取利益，于是大量的砍伐森林。两千年之前，有一个富裕和强大的国家。为了建立帝国，砍倒了树木来造战舰。帝国建 立了，但是，没有树木的土地变得荒芜和贫瘠。当帝国四分五裂的时候，整个国家发觉 自己面临的是水灾和饥荒。就算在政府认识到足够的树木储备的重要性时， 有时却很难让人民也意识到这点。人们 砍倒了树木，却疏于种植和照料树苗。因此，除非政府建立一套体制来控制或者教育人 们，否则森林就会渐渐消失。森林的消失不仅仅意味着树木的减少， 还有更严重的后果。 在有树的地方，树根不仅把 土壤粉碎成小块，便于雨水的渗入，还可以牢牢的抓住泥土，防止泥土被冲刷走。但是 在没有书的地方，雨水直接落在坚硬的地面，在土地表面流走。这不仅会导致洪水，雨 水还会带走庄稼赖于生长的肥沃的表层土。当所有的表层土被冲走之后，除了毫无价值 的沙漠之外，什么也没有了。41. Trees are useful to man mainly in three waysthe mostimportant of which is that they can _D_A.keep him from the hot sunshineB. enable himto build warshipsC. make him draw quick profit from them D .protect him fromdroughts and floods42.It s aegt pity that _C_A.man is only interested in building empiresB.man is eager to profit from treesC. man hasntrealized the importanee of trees to him D. manhasn t found out that he has lost all trees43.Sooner or later the forests will disappear _C_ _A. uni ess a country has a ple nty supply of trees B. uni esspeople stop cutt ing dow n their treesC.uni ess all people are taught the importa nee of pla ntingtreesD.uni ess the gover nment puni shes those who cuttrees in stead of pla nti ng them44.The word “ bind ” in Paragraph 5 meaCs ”“_A . to wash awayB. to make wet C . to makestay together D . to improve45. When there is a heavy rain trees can help to prevent floodsas they can. BA . keep rain from falling down to soft ground B，cause the soilto allow rainwater to sinkinC. prevent the soil from being washed away D .make thetopsoil stick togetherPassage 1Dr. Harvey Gates, the no ted scie ntist might n ever havediscovered the Kamron lizard蜥 蜴） in Blovia , if it had not beenfor a childhood accident As a boy , he was determined tobecome a baseball playe, but when he broke his arm inpractice at the age of fourteen and was forced to stay off theplaying field for a while, he took notice of the natural worldaround him and liked what he sawAfter he had recovered from his injury , he caught asquirrel（松鼠）and raised it as a pet. Soon he was bringinghome snakes and other creatures from the woods near hisschoolIn 1962, he entered Blakeford College and majored inbiology By 1966 he had received his Bachelor（学士 ）ofScienee degree and two years later at Drysdale University hereceived his Doctor of Science degree It was while he wasdoing field research for his doctoral studies in South America in1967 that he discovered and named the Kamron lizard Thisanimal was different from others of its kind in that it had onlyfour toes on its front feet. In other respects it was similar toothers of the same family It could change its color and go forlong periods without food.31.0f the four statement. which one best indicates theauthoidea? BA . Dr. Gates is a scientist who can always attract the publicattention to his researchB.Dr. Gates is a very famous scie ntis* though he wanted to be a sportsma n at firstC Dr. Gates is a scientist who always carries a notebookwith him wherever he Goes.D. Dr. Gates is very popular for his determ in ati on tobecome a baseball player32 In the first paragraph of the passage the phrase “ inpractice ” DmeansA . while doing some practical workB .while studying animalsC. while making up his mind to become a baseball player D.while playing baseball33 In the second paragraph the word “creatures ” can bestbe replaced by“ C ”,A. people B things C. animals D. living things34 It was _D_ that Dr Gates discovered the Kamro n lizardA . after he had graduated from Drysdale UniversityB.right after he had finished hisstudy for the doctors degreeC. after he
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