2019托福写作备考策略之独立话题

2019 托福写作备考策略之独立话题【托福】选择 2016 年 9 月独立机经部分题目1.Somestudents prefer to have their final gradesdetermined by numerous small assignments, whereas othersprefer to have their grades determined by only afew largeones. Which do you prefer and why?2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they areparts of a decision.3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listedin the following do you prefer?Build a public garden to provide quiet environment tobenefit allBuild a sports field for students in high school whichdoesnt have its own.4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people theimportance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.5.In the past,people were more interested in improvingtheir neighborhoods than they are today.6.In the past,young people depended on their parents formaking decisions. Today young people are better able to makedecisions on their own.7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a bookthan by doing physical exercises.8.We should state our honest opinions even though peoplemay disagree with us.9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adaptoneself to the new environment ismore important thanexcellent knowledge.10.People spend too much time communication throughsocial media and text messages.11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.12.Technology designed to make people s life simpler infact make peoples life morecomplicated.13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country aremore interesting compared to moviesand programs made in othercountries.14.It is as important for older people to study and leannew things as it is for youngpeople.15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail ismore important than to achieve success.16.It is important to know what is happening around theworld, even if it does not affect your personal life.实用方法介绍丨 1. 常用论点/ 理由针对独立写作的常见话题，大致可归成三类：个人类（关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择）；古今类（题目中有明显的 now past 让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较）；决策类（题目中通常有government这个词出现，讨论政府的投资或者政策，有些题目虽然没有 government这个词出现，但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题，也能够划为政府类，比如 A/D Professional athletes such as thefootball playerand basketball player deserve high salariesthat they are paid. ）1）个人类常用理由学知识、练技能、拓展视野 .工作机会、赚钱 .交朋友、陪伴家人 . ( 合作、沟通 ) .品质（自信，独立，坚持，乐观) /兴趣爱好身体健康、放松心情 .省时间、省钱、省精力 .2）古今类常用理由现代社会的优点：教育： 先进全面鼓励个性工作：种类丰富机会多医疗：治愈缓解更多疾病技术：网络电子产品汽车公共设施：便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮法律制度：保障个人权利媒体：揭露真相传播信息人与人：互动频繁、方便经济进步：更充裕的钱和无助世界和平：更少的战争伤亡现代社会的缺点：环境问题（污染，能源消耗）生活压力（学习，工作）欺骗敲诈3）决策类常用思路注：除了使用个人类常用理由，针对决策类这种和政府相关有社会影响力的题目，建议多角度讨论，一下是常见的讨论角度：1. 大众 individuals对我们有什么用？（放松健康省钱知识关系等等）是不是我们每个人都需要的？（绝大部分 / 小众）2. 相关群体 relativegroups题目中谈论到的比如 artists,scientists, athletes 等等3. 企业companies企业有钱，能够代替政府去投资有利可图的领域4. 社会 SocietyEconomy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement 丨 2.对比段通常来说，托福独立写作的论证写 3 段，上文介绍了最基本的常用理由，但有时候，因为各种原因只想出 2 个理由的时候，能够写一段对比段，即把对比论证写一段。具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解丨 3. 让步段除了对比段之外，让步段也能够解决只有 2 个理由缺少第三个段落的问题。具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解丨 4. 拆分法/ 分情况讨论针对一些比较抽象的独立写作话题，我们能够分情况讨论，或者对于关键词实行定义和拆分，在更加具体的情况下方便论证。具体案例参考第三部分的机经详解丨 5. 检验论点没有标准答案，这是独立解题最自由的地方。但这并不意味着什么样的理由都能够作为论点并且展开段落的。课堂上，一些学生能够马上相处三个理由，但仔细探究，可能只有一个理由是能够作为论点的。这里说一下三个检验标准： 1. 支持观点 2. 论点相互不重叠 3.易于展开丨 6. 灵活调整根据 ETS的出题，我们知道，题目是千变万化的，为了协助学生更好的应对，老师们会总结出一些实用方法，对学生来说，比死记硬别、生搬硬套更重要的是，在题目的练习中，去使用这些方法，并且灵活的调整。如果觉得一些常用理由不适合支持某一道题，那么就放弃这个理由；如果只想出两个理由，那么能够加一个让步段或者对比段；如果一道题直接用常用理由去支持很难，能够试着拆分法；如果完全同意 / 不同意很难，能够试着两边倒；如果题目中有绝对词，能够部分同意 / 不同意。. .实用方法在题目中的具体使用使用第一部分的 9 月机经部分题目1.Some students prefer to havetheir final gradesdetermined by numerous small assignments, whereasothersprefer to have their grades determined by only a fewlarge ones. Which do youprefer and why?观点：small assignments论点 1：轻松论点 2：知识（学生复习；老师备课）论点 3：对比段/ 让步段2.An effectiveleader tries to make others feel they areparts of a decision.观点：agree论点 1：来自领导的尊重要员工更快乐积极论点 2：员工的参与促动想法的完善论点 3：对比段3.If a city has an amount ofmoney, which option listedin the following do you prefer?1）Build a publicgarden to provide quiet environment tobenefit all2）Build asports field for students in high school whichdoesnt have its own.版本 A：观点：选 1）论点 1：relaxing论点 2：used byeveryone论点 3：让步段（承认 2 的好处指出显著缺点即优惠了一小部分人不公平）版本 B：观点：选 2）论点 1：healthy论点 2：mentality论点 3：补充建议（允许周末开放给市民）4.Governmenthas done enough to educate people theimportance of a balanced lifestyle andhealthy eating.观点：Disagree论点 1： knowledge 宣传健康饮食的知识 ( 课程广告 )论点 2： pressure 减少学习和工作压力论点 3： money 建设更多更便宜的运动场所减轻人们的经济负担注：这道题，用个人类的常用理由就能够解决，那么久不用多角度思考了5.In the past,people were more interested in improvingtheir neighborhoods than they aretoday.观点：Disagree论点：经济进步大家有时间和精力改善社区论点：沟通方便更好的解决社区问题论点：普遍受过教育有水平解决问题注：三个古今类的常用理由，现代社会的优点6.In the past, young people depended ontheir parents formaking decisions. Today young people are better able tomakedecisions on their own.观点：Agree论点：Internet 丰富信息论点：Education 培养独立论点：对比段7.It is betterto relax by watching TV or reading a bookthan by doing physical exercises.版本：观点：Physical exercise论点：health论点：cooperation论点：make friends论点：release pressure论点：让步段 / 对比段注：有些题目，能够相处很多个有效论点，那就选择自己觉得好写的展开版本：观点：TV book论点：convenience;论点：knowledge andinspiration论点：让步段 / 对比段8.We shouldstate our honest opinions even though peoplemay disagree with us.观点：agree论点 1：家庭论点 2：朋友论点 3：学习/ 工作注：用拆分法解这道题，即把说实话放在生活中的三大场景下，便于实行具体论证9.In order tosucceed in a new job, the ability to adaptoneself to the new environment ismore important thanexcellent knowledge.版本 A：观点：Bothimportant论点 1：知识 独立解决问题 &自信论点 2：适合水平效率 &轻松注：两边倒的题目，两个支持对象的各写一段，每一段设立有 1-2 个小论点，这样不用担心字数 版本：观点：Agree论点 1：get alongwith different people论点 2：learn newknowledge论点 3：adjustmentality注：对适合水平实行拆分，解读成和不同的人相处的水平、学习新知识的水平、调整心态的水平，这些都比固有的接触知识更重要，因为，世界一直在变啊 10.Peoplespend too much time communication throughsocial media and text messages.观点：Disagree论点 1：Relaxing论点 2：Improvefriendship论点 3： Learning11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.版本 1：Agree 常用理由 -mood - efficiency - opportunity版本 2：Agree 拆分法- 家庭礼貌- 工作礼貌 - 社交礼貌12.Technologydesigned to make people s life simpler infact make peoples life morecomplicated.agree1) car traffic jam; air pollution2) internet too much information to handle; false andmisleading3) digital devices distraction (music; games; chat;online shopping)注：把 technology 拆分成三个主要方面，汽车、互联网、电子设备13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country aremore interesting compared to movies andprograms made in othercountries.观点：both interestingOwn country ：1 共鸣理解 2 喜欢的演员Foreign country ：1 拓展视野 2 精彩的画面14.It is asimportant for older people to study and leannew things as it is for youngpeople.Agree版本 1：拆分法（对学习新知识诠释）1 学习健康知识2 培养爱好3 学习使用电脑上网版本 2：常用理由1 mentalhealth2improve convenience3communication with young people15.To remainhappy and optimistic whenever you fail ismore important than to achievesuccess.Agree1）mentalhealth2）stimulateimprovement3 ）让步段（承认成功是可喜的但是生活的常态就是一直失败、努力、克服苦难、获得成功，也就是说，成功是个结果，那么占据生活主要的是那个过程，所以为了健康以及持久的成功，乐观积极更重要）16.It is importantto know what is happening around theworld, even if it does not affect yourpersonal life.Agree版本 1：常用理由1）relaxing2）knowledge3）communication版本 2：拆分法1）medicalnews health2）political news safety3）economic news money