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小题夯基练1(2020潍坊调研)“I know that，Kim.And please，call me Bill.But what I expect is for you to think independently and introduce new ideas.I need more input from youmore feedback on how things are going.I dont need a yes manYou never tell me what you think.You just smile as though everything is fine.”“But，”said Kim，“I feel that since you are my superior，it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.” Q：The word“presumptuous”in the passage is close in meaning to “_”Afull of respectBtoo confident and rudeClacking in experienceDtoo shy and quiet解析：B本题考查对生词presumptuous意思的猜测。根据生活常识可知，对于长辈和上司，随意称呼他们的名字和直接提意见是傲慢无礼的。故选B项。2(2019衡水高考预测)Helens attitude toward dealing with criminals has changed over the years.She used to believe that everyone could change and deserved a second chance.She now believes that some crimes are so heinous that those responsible should be shown no mercy.Q：What does the underlined word“heinous”mean?AGuilty.BTerrible.CAccidental.DUnimportant.解析：B这个句子使用了so.that.句式，表示“如此以至于”。根据语境和结果“有罪的人不应该被给予同情”可以推知，不同情他们的原因是他们的罪行太深，故heinous的意思应该是“极恶毒的，道德败坏的”。故选B项。3(2018北京卷D篇)A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrolpowered private cars worldwide with electric，selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ridehailing services, considering the cost of selfdriving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).Q：What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AEmployed.BReplaced.CShared.DReduced.解析：Afielded常用作名词，表示“地；场地；领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“使用，应用”之意。根据上下文可知，此处表示“考虑到无人驾驶技术的成本和责任与维护问题，叫车服务(公司)将运用第一批可使用的商业无人驾驶汽车”。故选A项。4(2019山东省联考)We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.Q：What does the underlined word“that”in this passage refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.解析：A本题考查代词的指代含义，属于广义的词义猜测题。代词指代的大都是前面已经出现的名词，为了避免重复而使用了代词。根据上文的内容可知，让作者和朋友走到一起的是两个人共同的信念。故选A项。大题提能练A(2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)83yearold Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend.As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations(种植园)and cattle grounds，he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.“When I was a child，the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal and the water dried up and did not come back，”he told the reporters.“I thought：Water is valuable，no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen？We are going to run out of water.”With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers，Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life，and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle，surrounded by rats and foxes，and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast，lunch and dinner.Over the last 40 years，he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31hectare land，which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest，and a haven for wildlife.As the forest grew，the water returned，and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it.Then the animals started making a home there.Today，the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there，and more species are settling in every year.“There are toucans(巨嘴鸟)，all kinds of birds，squirrels，lizards，and even the boars are returning，”83yearold Vicente says.“If you ask me who my family are, I would say all is right here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.”语篇解读本文主要讲述一位83岁的老人用40年时间让热带雨林恢复生机的故事。1What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants?AThey wasted much water on farming.BThey focused on shortterm profits.CThey cared much about the environment.DThey relied heavily on rainforests for a living.解析：B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations.”及第二段中的“the water dried up and did not come back”可知，巴西的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选B。2What used to be young Antonios biggest concern?AOverpopulation.BPolluted water.CLoss of grasslands.DWater shortage.解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Water is valuable，no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen？We are going to run out of water.”可知，年轻的Antonio最关心的是水的短缺。故选D。3What does the underlined word“haven”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ATrap.BDisaster.CShelter.DBalance.解析：C词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“insects living there，and more species are settling in every year”可知，昆虫生活在这里，每年更多的物种在这里定居，由此可推断出这里成了野生生物的“安居地，避难所”。故选C。4In the last paragraph，Antonio mainly expresses his _.Aaffection for his forestBthanks for his familyCdeep love for rare birdsDpride as a successful farmer解析：A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If you ask me who my family are，I would say all is right here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知，Antonio 主要在表达他对森林的爱。故选A。B(2018全国卷，D)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things，and it worked.Because of our efforts，our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)For weeks，Ive been thinking of bigger，deeper questions：How do we make it a habit for them？And how do we train ourselves to help them live with，need，and use less？Yesterday，I sat with my son，Shepherd，determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes，ten minutes，max.I chose a red rubber ballsimple，universally available.We passed it，he tried to put it in his mouth，he tried bouncing it，rolling it，sitting on it，throwing it.It was totally，completely enough for him.Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.He had my full attention and I had his.My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，题材是生活哲理。文章介绍了作者如何教育自己的孩子用更少的物质过更丰富的生活。5What do the words“more is more”in paragraph 1 probably mean?AThe more，the better.BEnough is enough.CMore money，more worries.DEarn more and spend more.解析：A词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.”可知，作者不认同前面的more is more这种观点；再根据第一句可知，成人能够理解物质过剩的感受，可是当涉及孩子时，我们却会认为(孩子)拥有的东西越多越好。more is more是相对于enough is enough而言的。故选A。6What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?ASaving up for her holiday.BRaising money for a poor girl.CAdding the money to her fund.DGiving the money to a sick mother.解析：C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句可知，当我们许诺把卖掉这些物品的钱放到她的教育基金里的时候，她才同意卖。故选C。7Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?ATo try out an idea.BTo show a parents love.CTo train his attention.DTo help him start a hobby.解析：A推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中的“determined to test my own theory on this”和第四句中的“I decided to play with him”可知，作者和儿子玩耍是为了测试自己的理论：live more with less。故选A。8What can be a suitable title for the text?ATake It or Leave It BA Lesson from KidsCLive More with LessDThe Pleasure of Giving 解析：C标题归纳题。第一段的最后一句是文章中心句，即作者想要教会孩子“how to live more with less”；接下来是作者为此所做的努力和尝试。文章最后一句也是对中心句的回应。故选C。C(2017浙江，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camels hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged (蓬乱)His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The_cats_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year，one of Benjamins cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings (版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape (风景) painting.William Williams，a wellknown painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。9What is the text mainly about?ABenjamins visit to Philadelphia.BWilliams influence on Benjamin.CThe beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.DThe friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.解析：C主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的，故选C。10What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?AThe cat would be closely watched.BThe cat would get some medical care.CBenjamin would leave his home shortly.DBenjamin would have real brushes soon.解析：D句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。11What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?AHe took him to see painting exhibitions.BHe provided him with painting materials.CHe sent him to a school in Philadelphia.DHe taught him how to make engravings.解析：B细节理解题。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接着下一段又谈到“. Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选B项。12Williams two books helped Benjamin to_.Amaster the use of paintsBappreciate landscape paintingsCget to know other paintersDmake up his mind to be a painter解析：D细节理解题。由文章最后两句可知，这两本书是他们通往古典绘画的入门教程，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。D(2017全国，B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each otherbut always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if youre fortunate enough to have success，you should put something backhe with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didnt see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.Hed been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didnt talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员保罗纽曼之间的友谊。13.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?APaul Newman wanted it.BThe studio powers didnt like his agent.CHe wasnt famous enough.DThe director recommended someone else.解析：C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didnt want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paulhe stood up for me.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。14Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?AThey were of the same age.BThey worked in the same theater.CThey were both good actors.DThey had similar characteristics.解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。15What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?ATheir belief.BTheir care for children.CTheir success.DTheir support for each other.解析：A代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that.”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。16What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his love of films.BTo remember a friend.CTo introduce a new movie.DTo share his acting experience.解析：B写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。E(2019河南新乡二模)Throughout the past few years，I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala，an orphanage(孤儿院)，with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasnt essential：makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品)I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling in the world.When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig pen.At first，I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We were told to uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it，we felt it would be impossible.On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The“hole”，as we referred to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an obstacle I could not overcome，but in the end I competed it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.Ive always struggled to be on a journey of faith，but Ive never completely stepped foot onto the path until Guatemala.Ive always tried to open my heart to everyone around me and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There is one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my heart.In Guatemala，I sponsor with thirty dollars a month，but it doesnt seem enough.Ill return there next summer and give more of my love for a whole month.When it was time to leave，I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary children.Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。17What resulted in the authors decision to live a new life?ADesire to help others.BDecrease in his income.CA knowledge of the orphans life.DAwareness of the difficulty in his life.解析：C细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。故选C。18What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?ARemoving the doubt.BUprooting the weed.CStarting the faith journey.DCreating the pig pen.解析：D代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件事。故选D。19What did the author think of his experience in Guate mala?AIt was regretful.BIt was meaningful.CIt was interesting.DIt was frightening.解析：B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选B。20What may be the best title for the text?AA Step into a New WorldBAn Awful Faith JourneyCA Great Success in LifeDA Return of Confidence解析：A标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故用A Step into a New World 作为本文的标题最佳。故选A。
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