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人教版精品英语资料（精校版）Unit 4语法导学案 编号5 Unit 4 Body LanguageDont attend to two things at a time.一心不能二用 Section Six : Grammar现在分词(短语)作定语和状语一、现在分词(短语)作定语 现在分词(短语)作定语时，单个的分词一般放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语一般放在被修饰词的后边，相当于一个定语从句。有时它表达的动作与谓语动词表达的动作是同时发生的，有时表达的动作是习惯性的，有时则表示状态。 I hope to learn more about the activities going on there(thatare going on there)（表示正在发生的动作) The factory making toys(that makes toys)is run by neighbourhood committee (表示习惯性动作) There were quite a few comrades wishing to join US(whowished to join us) (表示状态) 现在分词作定语，和被修饰的词之间有主谓关系。a walking boy=a boy who is walking走路的孩子a developing country=a country that is developing发展中国家 二、现在分词(短语)作状语 现在分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主要必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。 现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。 1表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从旬 Turning around，I saw a car driving up(1)当分词表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前时，分词要用完成时。(2)whenwhile doing形式强调其表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。(1)_that she was going off to sleep，I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed ASeeing BTo see CSee DSeen 解析：“seeing”作时间状语。答案：A2表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句 分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，这时用分词的一般形式。分词表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，用分词的完成形式。 Not knowing his phone number,I couldnt get in touch with him 如果分词是含有心理活动意义的词，则它一般表示原因，如knowing，thinking，forgetting，learning。(2)_ that he was in great danger，Eric Walked deeper into the forest ANot realized BNot to realize CNot realizing DNot to have realized 解析：“not realizing”在句中作原因状语。答案：C 3表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。 分词短语有时表示一种假设情况，相当于一个条件状语从句，这种情况下，有时在分词短语前加上ifunless，使条件更明确。 Working hard，youll succeed. =If you work hard，youll succeed=Work hard。and you11 succeed努力工作，你会成功的。 4表示让步，作让步状语，相当子让步状语从句。 分词短语作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时分词前可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though。 Admitting what she saidI still think that she hasnt triedher best尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。 (3)_their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victoryATo throw BThrown CThrowing DBeing thrown 解析： “throwing their hats”作伴随状语。答案：C5表示方式或伴随状语 分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常用的，它用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可转换，但可以用并列句来转换。 Children came into the room，singing and laughing：Children sang and laughed；they came into the room6表示结果，作结果状语，相当于结果状语从句通常放在句末，中间有逗号隔开，表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。 His parents died in the war，leaving him an orphan(SO thathe became an orphan)父母在战争中死亡，以致他成了孤儿。 三、现在分词(短语)作状语时应注意的问题 1现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，即注意是用现在分词的一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用分词的一般式。当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。 (4) _ in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car AWaiting BTo wait CHaving waited DTo have waited 解析：根据the old man与wait之 间的关系，应该选择v.ing形式，再根据句意得知是在主句谓语动词“realize”前就等(wait)了半个小时了，有明显的先 后关系，故要用v.ing的完成式。 答案：C2有时现在分词(短语)有自己的逻辑主语，它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，称之为独立主格结构。它在句中也作状语。 It being a holiday，all the shops were shut Class being over，children could play football3有少数现在分词并不表示主语的动作，即不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题，只是表示说话人的态度。常这样用的有：generallyfranklyproperlyspeaking 一般坦白恰当说来 judging fromby从判断 considering考虑到 supposing假设(使) 独立主格结构前加上with，就构成了复合结构。Testing : choose the best answers1.The decision_, what is to be done now is how to carry it out Ais made Bhas been made Chaving been made Dhaving made2.China became the l43rd member of the WTO on December 11，2001，thus_ its l5-year wish to join the global trade body Arealized Bto realize Chaving realized Drealizing3.Tom and Mary are walking along the street，_a small red cap Aeach of them has Bthey each have Cevery wears Deach wearing4._ his father, Tom entered the house, _by his brothers. A. Follow ; follow B. To follow; following C. Following ; followed D. Followed ; following5. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received6. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _into the woods. A. seizing ；disappeared B. seized ；disappeared C. seizing ；disappearing D. seized ；disappearing7. They set out _ for the _ boy. A. searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing8. The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added9. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help10. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused11. _, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key12. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known13. In winter steam can be seen _from wet clothes _near a fire. A. rising, hanging B. rising, to hang C. rise, hanging D. to rise, to hang14. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make15. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completedIn the dictionary of youth , there is no such word as failure. 在青年的词典里没有“失败”这个词
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