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人教版英语精品资料（精修版）Unit 3 ComputersI. 单元教学目标技能目标 Skill GoalsTalk about information technology and robotsRead about the history and basic knowledge of computers Practice making decisionsListen to a text about information technologyWrite a passage about an android Study The Present Perfect Passive VoiceII.目标语言功能句式Making decisionsThe advantage / disadvantage is I think / dont think that Whats your reason?What makes you think so ?I think because (of)I believe that I agree / dont agree because Ive decided that As / Since , I think 词汇1四会词汇solve, explore, anyhow, human race, signal, goal, type, arise, electronic2认读词汇calculate, universal, simplify, sum, operator, logical, logically, technology, technological, revolution, artificial, intelligence, intelligent, reality, personal, personally, tube, total, totally, network, web, application, finance, mobile, rocket, happiness, download, virus, coach, appearance, character, mop, niece, abacus, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, analytical, mathematical, designer, transistor, chip, Mars, programmer, android, teammate, naughty, spoil 3词组fromon, go by, as a result, sothat, in a way, with the help of, deal with, watch over 结构The Present Perfect Passive Voice重点句子1. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! 2. And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!3. As time had gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller. 4. I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 5. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. 6. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 7. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. III. 教材分析与教材重组 1. 教材分析本单元以computers为话题，旨在通过单元教学，综合听、说、读、写等多种形式，使学生了解计算机和信息技术的产生和发展过程及其在我们的学习、工作、娱乐等生活中所起的重要作用，激发学生对信息技术的兴趣。1.1 Warming up提供几幅与计算机有关的图片，形象地说明了计算机的发展历程，并用三个问题引发学生对这一话题的思考，从而起到热身的作用。1.2 Pre-reading根据文章内容预设问题，检查学生对computers相关知识及应用的了解。学生对computers的了解可能参差不齐，这更能激发学生想获取更多知识的欲望，从而引出下面的阅读文章WHO AM I?。 1.3 Reading中以别致的标题WHO AM I?引起学生的好奇心，使学生迫不急待地阅读这篇文章，并判断出“I”是computer，从而对文章的内容印象更深刻。文章以第一人称的形式按时间先后顺序讲述了computers的产生、发展和现状，并用拟人化的口吻表达了computers乐于为人类服务的精神。1.4 Comprehending 1 通过scanning的方式完成反映计算机发展历程的时间进程；2 通过填表的形式帮助学生宏观梳理文章结构，找出每个段落的主题句（论点）及具体的支持性论据；3 是读后讨论，要求学生结合自己的生活实际讨论计算机如何改变了我们的生活。1.5 Learning about language分词汇（Discovering useful words and expressions）和语法（Discovering useful structures）两大部分。Discovering useful words and expressions 1 根据单词释义写出相对应的词汇，考查学生对WHO AM I? 文章中的重要词汇及短语的理解。2 是以对短文填词完型的形式考查学生对几个重点词汇在篇章中的运用。3 以personalize的形式练习几个表时间状语的短语的用法。Discovering useful structures 是学习现在完成时的被动语态。1 是让学生根据例子提示在WHO AM I?文章中找出两个含有现在完成时的被动语态的句子，初步了解这一时态的形式。2 是根据例句提示把所给的现在完成时句子变为被动语态。3 通过欣赏一首小诗进一步理解现在完成时的被动语态的用法。1.6 Using language从听、说、读、写四个部分强化学生的语言应用能力。Listening and Speaking 以“信息技术”为子话题展开听说活动。说的活动主要是就信息技术各种形式的优势和劣势展开讨论，并用所给的表reasoning的功能项目展开讨论，决定哪种类型是最有用的。Reading, speaking and writing以 “芯片”为子话题展开读、说和写的活动。阅读文章介绍了叫一个叫Andy的机器人的故事，故事以第一人称的拟人话手法来写，说明了计算机芯片在机器人领域的应用。1 根据文章内容完成Andy的个人简历，检验学生对一些具体信息的掌握。2 激发学生的想象力，让他们设计出自己的机器人，并能用简历的形式描述。3 是写作任务，学生根据所给范文和2中的notes写篇文章，介绍自己设计的机器人。1.7 LISTENING 材料的话题衔接Reading, speaking and writing的话题，介绍了三个不同的机器人。1 听前预测。2 听大意。3 听细节完成表格。1.8 TALKING根据假设情境在听力的基础上展开讨论，讨论每个机器人的优势和劣势，最终做出决定并给出理由，同时也是对前面所学的功能项目的复习应用。1.9 USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS通过各种形式练习本单元的重点词汇和短语。USING STRUCTURES设计了各种活动练习巩固本单元的语法项目。1.10 LSITENING TASK也是以机器人为话题，从机器人的权利这一角度展开听力活动，引发学生思考机器人和人类的异同点及机器人应该拥有的权利。1.11 READING TASK 阅读材料介绍了一种未来机器人体育机器人，文章为科幻类型，预测了机器人发展的前景。1.12 SPEAKING TASK是任务型活动，紧接着READING TASK的话题，让学生运用想象力俩俩结对做一个针对体育机器人的采访，为校报准备新闻素材。1.13 WRITING TASK是SPEAKING TASK的书面输出活动，根据采访活动内容和范文结构提示写篇采访稿。2. 教材重组2.1 将Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading和Comprehending整合在一起，上一节“精读课”。2.2 将Learning about Language和Workbook中的USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS及USING STRUCTURES整合为一节“语言学习课”。2.3 将Using language中的Listening and Speaking设计为一节“听说课”。2.4 将Using language中的Reading, speaking and writing及Workbook中的LISTENING和TALKING整合为一节“综合技能课（一）”。2.5 将Workbook中的LISENING TASK、READING TASK、SPEAKING TASK以及WRITING TASK整合为另一节“综合技能课（二）”。3. 课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，根据学情，本单元可以用五课时教完）1st Period Intensive reading2nd Period Language study3rd Period Listening and Speaking4th Period Integrative skills (I)5th Period Integrative skills (II)V. 分课时教案The First Period Intensive ReadingTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语 simplify logically technological revolution solve fromon personal as a result totally sothat network Web application explore anyhow human race b. 重点句子 Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!2. Ability goals 能力目标 Enable students to learn about the development and history of computers. 3. Learning ability goals 学能目标 By finishing the timeline and the chart, help students grasp the basic structure and main idea of the passage. Teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点Understand how details are used to support topic sentences. Teaching methods 教学方法Prediction, scanning and discussion. Teaching aids 教具准备Projector and tape recorder.Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式Step I Warming-upT: How many of you have computers in your home? Please put up your hands.Ss respond accordingly. T: What do you usually do on your computers?Ss: Type documents/homework, listen to music, watch videos, play games, search on the Internet, send mails T: When I were at your age, I knew nothing about computers. Most Chinese families never heard about it. However, in recent years, computers have become more and more popular, and most families in cities have one or more than one computer in their home. And some families in villages also have their own computers. Computers make life more convenient and colorful. However, it took a long time for humans to have computers that we see today. Now look at the pictures on page 17 and discuss what they have in common. Then think about Questions 2 & 3.Suggested answers:1. These pictures are all technological inventions.2. From these pictures, we know computers have experienced a long development process, and the development will never stop.3. (There may be various answers.)Step II Pre-readingPredictionLet students predict the content of the passage according to the pictures and the title. This will involve students in active thinking and exploring. Then let them make a list of the ways computers are used today. Sample list:date processingindustrial designlearning and teaching aidsTV program editing entertainment (watch TV/video, listen to music, play games, online chat)communication (e-mail, e-card, instant message) T: Now look at the inventions in activity 3. First check their meanings in your dictionaries. Then put them in the order according to the time when they appeared. Help students understand the meanings of the words: analytical, calculate and universal. Note:Universal machine is also known as Alan Turings “universal computing machine”, is capable of computing any algorithm.Students may have different answers. They will check it after reading the passage. T: Have you put them in the right order? You will find it after reading the passage. Now turn to page 18 please. Step III Reading SkimmingGet students read the whole passage and try to get the main idea of it.After readingT: What does “I” in the title refer to?Ss: Computer.T: What is the main idea of the passage?Ss: The passage is mainly about the history and development of computers. ScanningT: Correct! Now read the passage and finish the timeline. With this timeline, you will have a clear idea of the development of computer. Check the answers. T: The passage has three paragraphs. Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph, and the details that are used to support the topic sentences. Then complete the chart in activity 2. Suggested answers:Para. 1Para. 2Para. 3Topic sentenceOver time I have changed quite a lot.These changes only became possible as my memory improved. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.Supporting detailsl Caculating machinel Analytical machinel Universal machinel PCl Laptop l Tubesl Transistorsl Chipsl Networkl Webl Communicationl Financel Tradel Robotsl Mobile phonesl Medical operationsl Space rocketsT: From this chart, you will know the basic structure of this passage. As you may have found the topic sentences are not standing there alone, they are supported with details and date, which make the topic sentences more convincing. Now I will play the tape of this passage. Listen and find out/underline the difficult words and expressions. Teacher gives some explanations. T: What can be “over time” replaced by?Ss: As time goes by.T: How do you understand the word “simplify”? Look! (on the board: simple+-ify). -ify is a suffix which means to turn into, make or become. For example, beautify. So if you know the meaning of “simple”, you can easily get the meaning of “simplify”. Who can tell me its meaning?S: To make something easier or less complicated. T: What does “it” in line 9 refer to? Ss: It refers to the fact that computer was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes.T: Why was Alan Turing called computers real father? S: I guess thats because Alan made computer more powerful, which could solve any difficult mathematical problem. T: What does “this reality” in line 15 refer to?S: It refers to the reality that computer had grown as large as a room. T: In paragraph two, there are two sentences which contain the use of “sothat” structure. Underline them and study carefully.Show the following on the screen/board:l Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!l And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it! Help students sum up the form and function of this structure:Form: so + adj./adv. + that + clause Function: This structure is used when emphasizing the degree or amount of something by saying what the result is. Step IV DiscussionDeal with activity 3 on page 19. Let students discuss how computers have changed our lives? Sample discussion:S1: I think its impossible to live without computers!S2: What makes you say that? My grandparents didnt use a computer and they were still able to entertain themselves, to operate big machines, to analyze data, to make robots and so on. S1: You are right. But computers do change the way we live. They change the way we learn by providing distance-learning programs. They change the way we communicate with the use of e-mail and instant messenger. They change the way we obtain information with Internet search engine such as Google and Baidu. They change the way we deal with documents and pictures. S2: I agree. Can you imagine what our life would be like If we could not use computers any more?S2: We would go back to the world when everything goes slowly. For example, send mails via train or air plane, which takes several days or even long; go to libraries to search for information, where limited information are provided; spend long time to solve difficult mathematical problems etc. And on the other hand, we may have more time for outdoor activities instead of spending much time on computer. S1: Yes, computers changed our lives both in a good way and in a bad way. It depends on how we make use of it. I hope we can make good use if it. T: Do you want to see how cyber friends answer this question? Look at the screen.Show the following on the screen or let students visit the web page: (One the screen)User 1 Computers have made it easier for us to access a wealth of information and have all but rendered printer encyclopedias obsolete. They have also made it easier and cheaper to advertise our business anywhere we wish and do business with anyone anywhere in the world. On the downside however, computers have also made it easier for sexual predators to find victims, for criminals to steal our hard-earned money, and to even steal our identity, something nearly unheard of just a few decades ago. Also, children are more likely to sit in front of a computer and chat when they could just as easily speak with their friends on a telephone or go outside and play like children used to before the computer revolution. As with any new technology, there are good and bad points, but in the end the general public through their actions will determine whether or not computers have actually improved our lives. User 2 Of course! They have changed the way we shop, play, chat, work and more.User 3 They have made us a lazy generation.User 4 A computer has changed my life certainly even still at a very young age. Its fulfilled my dreams, knowledge and much more. For some its gained them employment and giving others something to do. Its opened a new world of gaming, chatting and finding advice and information. I COULDNT LIVE WITHOUT ONE! User 5Well, they made our lives easier, the made us lazier and they gave us the chance to have some adventure when we are bored.User 6 Majority of addicted computer users lack real life social skills these days.User 7They hurt my eyes.User 8 Computers change our attitudes, the way we live, the way we express ourselves, the way we are too others, views on life, views overall, how we dress, what we listen too, what we think of one another, how we work, interests. Basically everything without computers we wouldnt have the internet and like newspapers radios magazines and television we get these all on the internet. These change how we are so basically everything about it. Also we get addicted and learn about things that maybe we shouldnt. Also can get into trouble e.g. downloading, piracy all done with a computer. Good things are that computers have helped reach forward into the future. Helps with technology, education and will help the future generations. Soon everything will be run by computers the good thing for us is we dont have to lift a finger the bad thing is will computers take over.Step V Homework (retelling)T: Suppose you work for an information technology magazine. Write a short passage which briefly introduces the history and development of computers. Dont write in the first person. The Second Period Language studyTeaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语 revolution network simplify sum mobile solve explore totally anyhow finance artificial technology intelligent application Web reality logically b. 重点句子 As time had gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller. I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. 2. Ability goals 能力目标 Enable students to learn the meanings and use of some key words in the reading passage.Enable students to learn the form and function of present perfect passive voice. 3. Learning ability goals 学能目标 By writing a poem using present perfect passive voice, enable students to use the structure freely and creatively. Teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点How to change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. Teaching methods 教学方法Personalization, Induction and imitation. Teaching aids 教具准备Projector and tape recorder.Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式Step I RevisionCheck the homework. Ask two students to read the passage they have written. Their passage should be brief and include the key information or facts about the development of computers. Step II Discovering useful words and expressionsT: Look at activity 1. These are the meanings of some words or expressions in the text we learned yesterday. Find out these words or expressions. Check the answers. T: Now look at the words in activity 2. Do you know their meanings? Check their meanings in your dictionaries. Then complete the passage with the words. Check the answers. T: Now activity 3. Look at the phrases in bold in the story. What do they have in common?S: They are all time phrases except “as a result”. They are used in the passage to indicate the development of the story. From them, we get a clear timeline of the story.T: Correct! Now use these phrases to create one of your own stories. The story can be a real one or an imaginary one. After they finish writing, let students exchange their stories and proofread for each other. Step III Discovering useful structures Let students find sentences in the present perfect passive voice in the text and then analyze their form and function. (Activity 1 on page 21.)Students may find the following sentences:1. I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 2. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!3. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. 4. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 5. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Then let students study these sentences carefully and sum up the form of present perfect passive voice tense.Elicit the structure: S + have/has + been + V-edT: Why is the passive voice used here? When do we usually use passive voice?Ss: T: The passive voice is used when the subject of a sentence is the person or thing affected by the action of the sentence. We particular use the passive voice when dont know or arent bothered exactly who has done something. Now look at activity 2. Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. Pay attention to the use of has/have. When do we use has and when do we use have?Ss: We use has when the recipient of the action is the third person single or single nouns. We use have when the recipient of the action is the first or second person or plural nouns. After students finish, check the answers. T: Now write passive sentences in Present Perfect according to the words given.Show the following on the screen.1 the postcard / send _2 the pencils / count _3 the door / close _4 the beds / make _5 the mail / write _6 the trees / plant _7 the money / spend _8 the room / book / not _9 the rent / pay / not _10 the people / inform / not _Answers: 1 The postcard has been sent. 2 The pencils have been counted. 3 The door has been closed. 4 The beds have been made. 5 The mail has been written. 6 The trees have been planted. 7 The money has been spent. 8 The room has not been booked. 9 The rent has not been paid. 10 The people have not been informed. Then deal with activity 3. T: Read the poem. Underline the use of the present perfect passive voice. Then decide which things have been done well and which have been done badly. Guess what might have happened to the face, hair and shoes and what might have happened
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