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精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上It的用法归纳一: it 做代词1. it指天气,时间,地点,距离等.It is cold today.Nanchong is a beautiful city, isnt it?It is seven oclock now.2.It用来指代刚提到的事物,以避免重复.It is a cat outside the door.3. it 指未知性别的某人. Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?4. 代词it ,one 和that.It代替的是前面提到的同一名称的同一事物,即同名同物。所代替的名词可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。One代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个,所代替的上午可数名词,其前可带冠词与修饰语,如代替复数名词,则用ones.That 代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词也可是不可数名词,但其前通常不能有修饰语。The population problem may be the greatest one in the world.The doctor in our school is younger than that in your school.I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using it now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new one soon.二:it 做形式主语1. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain.)+ that从句该句型中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句,常译为很清楚(显然,真的,肯定)是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 Its clear that smoking is bad for our health.2. It is important ( necessary,strange, natural.) +that从句该句型和上一个同属一个句型;由于主句中的形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省去.It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.3. It is/ was +P.P.+ that从句.1) It is said (reported,learned/ believed/ thought / considered/well-known .) that从句该结构常译为据说(据报道,据悉)。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.2) It is suggested (ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded.) +that从句。该句型和上一句属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求、建议、命令( 一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求)等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)。should可以省略,常译为“据建议;有命令”It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.4. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that从句 . 在该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去,表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了,真遗憾!5. It is time (about time /high time) that .sb. did sth / sb. should do sth.该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是:1常用过去时态表示虚拟2有时也用should + 动词原形,should 不能省,常译为是(正是)的时侯了 It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.6. It is the first (second .) time that sb. has done sth.It was the first (second .) time that sb. had done sth该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。如果主句是一般现在时,从句用现在完成时态;如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去;it有时也用this替换,常译为“是某人第一(二,)次做某事”。It is the first time that I have enjoyed this kind of moon cake.This was the second time that I had been to Beijing.7. It is +(一段时间) +since 从句该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时和完成时,引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.It is almost five years _we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. when (B)8. It +be + not long/ long / 一段时间+ before 从句 该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态,主句中的表语多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“之后才”,“没过就”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It will not be long before he finishes his job.9. It + be + 时间点 + when从句这个句型中, it 指时间,而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是will be,when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。常译为“当的时候,是”It was already 8 oclock when we got home.It was the next morning when we finished our work. It will be midnight when they get there. 10. It seems(似乎),appears(似乎), happens(碰巧)that从句该句型中的it 是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。It happened that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧)It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看来)The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is (D)11. It takes sb. some time to do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做事情要花费某人时间”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.12. It is no good (use ) doing sth 做某事是没有用的该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是 no good (not any good), no use (not any use ).It is no good learning English without speaking English.13It is/ was + adj.+ for /of+ sb. to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果主句中的形容词是能修饰逻辑主语的形容词。常见的有:bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish ,honest, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等,不定式的逻辑主语由of短语引出。It is kind of you to say so = You are kind to say so.如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引出的,主句的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性等情况的词。常见的有necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible等。It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.14. It looks (seems) as if 该句型中it 无意义。As if 引导一个状语从句,常译为:“看起来好像”如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。It looks as if he is ill. (真的病了)It looks as if he was ill. (事实上没有生病)It seemed as if he was dying.三:It做形式宾语it用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。1. Sb. find/ feel / consider/ regard /think/ believe/make +it+adj. / n. to do sth /I find it hard to give up smoking.We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.四:it 用于强调句句型:It is/was +被强调部分 +that/ who +其他部分 it可以用来对句子的某一成分加以强调。Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was Nancy who saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was your sister who Nancy saw in Tokyo last week. It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week. It was last week that Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo.Not until 的强调句型: it is /was not until that. 在强调not until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。I didnt recognize her until she took off her dark glasses.五:It 常用的固定搭配 1. make it 在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 。She feels shes finally made it as a singer.Im afraid I cant walk any further.Come on! You can make it.If we set off now, we should make it to the station before the train goes. 2. make it+时间点 表示就定在什么时候了when shall we meet tomorrow morning.lets make it 8:00 at the school gate. 3. It is a waste of time /money doing sth. Its a waste of time your talking to him. 你和他谈是浪费时间。4. (It is) no wonder (that) 难怪Its no wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿,他整天在吃糖果。5. It makes no/much difference没有/有区别Its doesnt make much difference my being there. 我在不在那儿没有什么影响。6. It is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型为“该由某人做”,该句型中up后的to是介词。It is up to him to clean our classroom today.今天应由他做教室清洁。7. v. +it + prep. + that从句owe it to sb. that把归功于leave it to sb. that把留给某人去做take it for granted that 想当然keep it in mind that记住Dont bother to arrange anything. Just to leave it to me to sort out. I take it for granted that you have read this book.下午13:0017:00B实行不定时工作制的员工,在保证完成甲方工作任务情况下,经公司同意,可自行安排工作和休息时间。312打卡制度3.1.2.1公司实行上、下班指纹录入打卡制度。全体员工都必须自觉遵守工作时间,实行不定时工作制的员工不必打卡。3.1.2.2打卡次数:一日两次,即早上上班打卡一次,下午下班打卡一次。3.1.2.3打卡时间:打卡时间为上班到岗时间和下班离岗时间; 3.1.2.4因公外出不能打卡:因公外出不能打卡应填写外勤登记表,注明外出日期、事由、外勤起止时间。因公外出需事先申请,如因特殊情况不能事先申请,应在事毕到岗当日完成申请、审批手续,否则按旷工处理。因停电、卡钟(工卡)故障未打卡的员工,上班前、下班后要及时到部门考勤员处填写未打卡补签申请表,由直接主管签字证明当日的出勤状况,报部门经理、人力资源部批准后,月底由部门考勤员据此上报考勤。上述情况考勤由各部门或分公司和项目文员协助人力资源部进行管理。3.1.2.5手工考勤制度3.1.2.6手工考勤制申请:由于工作性质,员工无法正常打卡(如外围人员、出差),可由各部门提出人员名单,经主管副总批准后,报人力资源部审批备案。3.1.2.7参与手工考勤的员工,需由其主管部门的部门考勤员(文员)或部门指定人员进行考勤管理,并于每月26日前向人力资源部递交考勤报表。3.1.2.8参与手工考勤的员工如有请假情况发生,应遵守相关请、休假制度,如实填报相关表单。3.1.2.9 外派员工在外派工作期间的考勤,需在外派公司打卡记录;如遇中途出差,持出差证明,出差期间的考勤在出差地所在公司打卡记录;3.2加班管理3.2.1定义加班是指员工在节假日或公司规定的休息日仍照常工作的情况。A现场管理人员和劳务人员的加班应严格控制,各部门应按月工时标准,合理安排工作班次。部门经理要严格审批员工排班表,保证员工有效工时达到要求。凡是达到月工时标准的,应扣减员工本人的存休或工资;对超出月工时标准的,应说明理由,报主管副总和人力资源部审批。 B因员工月薪工资中的补贴已包括延时工作补贴,所以延时工作在4小时(不含)以下的,不再另计加班工资。因工作需要,一般员工延时工作4小时至8小时可申报加班半天,超过8小时可申报加班1天。对主管(含)以上管理人员,一般情况下延时工作不计加班,因特殊情况经总经理以上领导批准的延时工作,可按以上标准计加班。3.2.2.2员工加班应提前申请,事先填写加班申请表,因无法确定加班工时的,应在本次加班完成后3个工作日内补填加班申请表。加班申请表经部门经理同意,主管副总经理审核报总经理批准后有效。加班申请表必须事前当月内上报有效,如遇特殊情况,也必须在一周内上报至总经理批准。如未履行上述程序,视为乙方自愿加班。3.2.2.3员工加班,也应按规定打卡,没有打卡记录的加班,公司不予承认;有打卡记录但无公司总经理批准的加班,公司不予承认加班。3.2.2.4原则上,参加公司组织的各种培训、集体活动不计加班。3.2.2.5加班工资的补偿:员工在排班休息日的加班,可以以倒休形式安排补休。原则上,员工加班以倒休形式补休的,公司将根据工作需要统一安排在春节前后补休。加班可按1:1的比例冲抵病、事假。3.2.3加班的申请、审批、确认流程3.2.3.1加班申请表在各部门文员处领取,加班统计周期为上月26日至本月25日。3.2.3.2员工加班也要按规定打卡,没有打卡记录的加班,公司不予承认。各部门的考勤员(文员)负责加班申请表的保管及加班申报。员工加班应提前申请,事先填写加班申请表加班前到部门考勤员(文员)处领取加班申请表,加班申请表经项目管理中心或部门经理同意,主管副总审核,总经理签字批准后有效。填写并履行完审批手续后交由部门考勤员(文员)保管。3.2.3.3部门考勤员(文员)负责检查、复核确认考勤记录的真实有效性并在每月27日汇总交人力资源部,逾期未交的加班记录公司不予承认。下午13:0017:00B实行不定时工作制的员工,在保证完成甲方工作任务情况下,经公司同意,可自行安排工作和休息时间。312打卡制度3.1.2.1公司实行上、下班指纹录入打卡制度。全体员工都必须自觉遵守工作时间,实行不定时工作制的员工不必打卡。3.1.2.2打卡次数:一日两次,即早上上班打卡一次,下午下班打卡一次。3.1.2.3打卡时间:打卡时间为上班到岗时间和下班离岗时间; 3.1.2.4因公外出不能打卡:因公外出不能打卡应填写外勤登记表,注明外出日期、事由、外勤起止时间。因公外出需事先申请,如因特殊情况不能事先申请,应在事毕到岗当日完成申请、审批手续,否则按旷工处理。因停电、卡钟(工卡)故障未打卡的员工,上班前、下班后要及时到部门考勤员处填写未打卡补签申请表,由直接主管签字证明当日的出勤状况,报部门经理、人力资源部批准后,月底由部门考勤员据此上报考勤。上述情况考勤由各部门或分公司和项目文员协助人力资源部进行管理。3.1.2.5手工考勤制度3.1.2.6手工考勤制申请:由于工作性质,员工无法正常打卡(如外围人员、出差),可由各部门提出人员名单,经主管副总批准后,报人力资源部审批备案。3.1.2.7参与手工考勤的员工,需由其主管部门的部门考勤员(文员)或部门指定人员进行考勤管理,并于每月26日前向人力资源部递交考勤报表。3.1.2.8参与手工考勤的员工如有请假情况发生,应遵守相关请、休假制度,如实填报相关表单。3.1.2.9 外派员工在外派工作期间的考勤,需在外派公司打卡记录;如遇中途出差,持出差证明,出差期间的考勤在出差地所在公司打卡记录;3.2加班管理3.2.1定义加班是指员工在节假日或公司规定的休息日仍照常工作的情况。A现场管理人员和劳务人员的加班应严格控制,各部门应按月工时标准,合理安排工作班次。部门经理要严格审批员工排班表,保证员工有效工时达到要求。凡是达到月工时标准的,应扣减员工本人的存休或工资;对超出月工时标准的,应说明理由,报主管副总和人力资源部审批。 B因员工月薪工资中的补贴已包括延时工作补贴,所以延时工作在4小时(不含)以下的,不再另计加班工资。因工作需要,一般员工延时工作4小时至8小时可申报加班半天,超过8小时可申报加班1天。对主管(含)以上管理人员,一般情况下延时工作不计加班,因特殊情况经总经理以上领导批准的延时工作,可按以上标准计加班。3.2.2.2员工加班应提前申请,事先填写加班申请表,因无法确定加班工时的,应在本次加班完成后3个工作日内补填加班申请表。加班申请表经部门经理同意,主管副总经理审核报总经理批准后有效。加班申请表必须事前当月内上报有效,如遇特殊情况,也必须在一周内上报至总经理批准。如未履行上述程序,视为乙方自愿加班。3.2.2.3员工加班,也应按规定打卡,没有打卡记录的加班,公司不予承认;有打卡记录但无公司总经理批准的加班,公司不予承认加班。3.2.2.4原则上,参加公司组织的各种培训、集体活动不计加班。3.2.2.5加班工资的补偿:员工在排班休息日的加班,可以以倒休形式安排补休。原则上,员工加班以倒休形式补休的,公司将根据工作需要统一安排在春节前后补休。加班可按1:1的比例冲抵病、事假。3.2.3加班的申请、审批、确认流程3.2.3.1加班申请表在各部门文员处领取,加班统计周期为上月26日至本月25日。3.2.3.2员工加班也要按规定打卡,没有打卡记录的加班,公司不予承认。各部门的考勤员(文员)负责加班申请表的保管及加班申报。员工加班应提前申请,事先填写加班申请表加班前到部门考勤员(文员)处领取加班申请表,加班申请表经项目管理中心或部门经理同意,主管副总审核,总经理签字批准后有效。填写并履行完审批手续后交由部门考勤员(文员)保管。3.2.3.3部门考勤员(文员)负责检查、复核确认考勤记录的真实有效性并在每月27日汇总交人力资源部,逾期未交的加班记录公司不予承认。专心-专注-专业
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