考研中医综合-中医基础理论(二)

中医综合-中医基础理论（二）(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section I Use of English (总题数：1，分数：10.00)College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universitieshavefootball, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, and (1) millions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millions (2) as well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefit(3) from the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universities (4) each other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularly (5) crowds of over 90, 000. Basketballs national collegiate championship game is a TV (6) on a par with any other sporting event in the United States, (7) perhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one can (8) ones TV set and see the top athletic programs-from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford- (9) in front of packed houses and national TV audiences.The athletes themselves are (10) and provided with sch61arships. College coaches identify (11)teenagers and then go into high schools to (12) the countrys best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules about (13) coaches can recruit-no recruiting calls after9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus-but they are often bent and sometimes (14) . Top college football programs (15) scholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arrive (16) campus, receive free housing, tuition, meals, books, etc. In return, the players (17) the program in their sport. Football players at top colleges (18) two hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength andagility training four days a week until mid-August, when camp (19) and preparation for the opening of the September-to-December season begins (20) During the season, practices last two or threehours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.(分数：10.00)(1).A attribute B distribute C devote D attach(分数：0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。devote(to) 表示“奉献，把专用于，如： They devote each Saturday tothe care of homeless people .原句意为：在美国，重点大学每年在体育运动上要投入数百万美元，故选 项Cdevote正确。其他选项均可与 to连用，但意思不符：Aattribute(to) 表示“归因于”；B distribute表不“分配” Dattach(to) 主要表示“加于之上”，如： No blame attaches to him forthe accident .全句可译为：几乎所有的重点大学都开设橄榄球、棒球、篮球与曲棍球课程，每年在体育运动上要投人数 百万美元。.A out B by C in D back(分数：0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：此题属于语意搭配题。此处需一个副词与句中的动词earn连用，earn back意为“挣回。文中上一句提到美国的大学每年花费数百万美元，下一句提到电视转播费、赞助费等均属于收入，因此是挣回的 钱，故选项Dback正确。选项Bby与动词earn连用意为“通过某种方式挣钱”； 选项Aout和选项Cin 均不符合题意。 全句可译为：但多数学校通过电视转播费、赞助费、门票以及校友捐助也能挣回数百万美元。（3）.A directly B indirectly C apart D indirect （分数： 0.50 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。 indirectly 表示“间接地”，此处缺一个副词修饰 benefit ，说明得到好处 的方式，根据句中的 the added publicity 可知这并非直接的经济收益而是间接的收益，故选项B indirectly符合题意。Adirectly与题意相反，Capart 和Dindirect均不符合句意和结构。全句可译为：这些学校通过球队所获得的知名度的提高则是间接的收益。（4）.A compete for B compete in C compete against D compete over（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。此处需要与句中宾语 each other搭配的短语，选项Ccompete against sb.（与 某人竞争 ） ，符合题意。 其他选项： Acompete for+sth ， Bcompete in+a race 和 Dcompete over +sth ， 用在此处均属搭配不当。全句可译为：名牌大学之间在大多数流行运动项目上都进行比赛。（5）.A draw B amuse C govern D handle（分数： 0.50）A. VB.C.D.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。 draw 表示“吸引”， 此处需要一个动词与 crowds 连用，故选项 Adraw 正确。 选项Bamuse表示消磨时光（常指无目标的，轻松愉快的），如：amuse oneself by doing sth选项 Cgovern 表示“管理”；选项 Dhandle 表示“应付”。全句可译为：密歇根大学总能吸引 9 万多观众。（6）.A spectator B spectacle C spectrum D spectacles（分数： 0.50 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：此题属于近形词辨析。 spectacle 表示“壮观场面”，文中提及全美大学生篮球锦标赛是电视节目 中极精彩的比赛，因此选项 Bspectacle（ 大场面）符合题意。选项 Aspectator 表示“观众”;选项C spectrum 表示“光谱，波长”;选项 Dspectacles 表示“眼镜”。（7）.A save B saving C saved D to save（分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。 save 用作动词时表示“救援， 拯救”等意; 用作介词时表示“除了”， 例如;He answered all the questions save one 此处的 save 作介词，与文中的 the Super Bowl 连用，意为： 除了全美橄榄球超级杯赛， 故选项 Asave 正确。其他选项为动词 save 的各种形式： Bsaving 现在分词，D saved 过去分词和 Dto save 不定式，均与句意和语法不符。全句可译为： 全美大学生篮球锦标赛是电视节目中极精彩的一部分， 与美国几乎所有体育赛事都不相上下， 可能只逊色于一年一度的全美橄榄球超级杯赛。（8）.A flip on B flap at C fling away D flush out（分数： 0.50）B.C.D.解析：此题属于形近词辨析题。 flip 表示“轻击，轻弹”，根据上下文提示，美国大学间有许多精彩的比赛，打开电视才能欣赏，故与ones TV set连用的应是选项Aflip on。选项Bflap at表示“拍打”；选项 Dfling away 表示“扔掉，错过”；选项 Dflush out 表示“冲洗 （ 掉）”。（9）.A battle B to battle C battling D battled（分数： 0.50）A.B.C. VD.解析：此题属于语法题， see sb. doing sth. 表示“看到某人正在做某事”，本句意为：能看到一流大学 的选手们正展开激战，故选项 Dbattling 符合题意。全句可译为：在秋冬季节，只要在规定的时间内打开电视，就能看到一流大学的体育比赛 从密歇根大学、洛杉矶加州大学、杜克大学到斯坦福大学 选手们在满场观众和全国电视观众面前展开激战。（10）.A recruited B reconciled C rectified D reserved（分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：此题属于形近词辨析题。 recruit 表示“征召新兵 （新成员）” ，例如： recruit an army 。根据原文 意思，运动员应是被招募的，因此选项 Arecruited 符合题意。选项 Breconcile 与介词 with 连用意为 与一致”，例如：How do you reconcile your principles with your behavior?与介词 to 连用意为“使接受”，例如： He cant reconcile to the loss of his only son 选项 Crectify 表示“改正”， 例如： rectify the mistakes in mybill ；选项 Dreserve 表示“保留”， 例如： These seats are reserved for old and sick people 全句可译为：被招进大学的运动员享受奖学金。（11）.A promising B pleasing C prominent D professional（分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：此题属于形近词辨析题。 promising 表示“有前途的”，根据前一句：运动员都是被招进大学的并 享受奖学金，大学教练确认的应是有培养前途的高中生，故选项 Apromising 符合题意。其他选项： Dpleasing（ 令人愉快的），Cprominent（ 著名的）和Dprofessional（ 职业的）均不符合题意。（12）.A contrive B convince C convert D convict（分数： 0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析：此题属于形近词辨析题。 convince sb.to do/of sth 表示“劝服某人”，根据句意：教练们先是 确认有发展前途的高中生后， 就会到其所在学校说服这些全国最优秀的运动员， 故选项 Bconvince 正确。 选项Acontrive 表示“图谋，设法”，如： contrive a way of escaping ; 选项Cconvert 表示：使改 变（ 形式、形状等 ） ，常与介词 into/to/for 等连用；选项 Dconvict 声示“判某人有罪”， 如： The criminal was convicted of murder 全句可译为：大学的教练们确认了有发展前途的高中生后，就会到其所在高中说服这些全国最优秀的运动 员上他们所在的大学。（13）.A which B what C how D whether（分数： 0.50）B.C. VD.解析：此题属于语法题。 how 表示“怎样”，根据上下文意思：关于教练招收学生有着严格的规定晚9:00以后不许给学生打电话,此处需一个表示方式的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，故选项Chow正确。选项 Awhich 引导定语从句；选项 Bwhat（ 什么） 与题意不符；选项 Dwhether（ 是否）表示可能性。（14）.A ignored B neglected C remembered D noticed（分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。 ignore 表示“置之不理，不予考虑”，有故意的意味，例如： They ignored our warning 根据原句意思：虽然招收学生有严格的规定，但这些规定常常不能严格执行（bent） ，有时还会被完全置之不理， 故选项 Aignored 正确。选项 Bneglected 表示“疏忽， 不留心”；选项 Cremembered 表示“记住”；选项 Dnoticed 表示“注意”。全句可译为： 关于教练招收学生有着严格的规定 晚 9:00 以后不许给学生打电话， 教练仅有一次参观校园的正式邀请。这些规定常常不能严格执行，有时还会被完全置于脑后。（15）.A offer B afford C award D reward（分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。 offer 表示“提供”，根据上文：中学生被招进大学时都享受奖学金，本句 主语是 football programs ，因此与之相对应的谓语应是选项 Aoffer 。选项 Bafford 表示“（能 ）负担 得起”；选项 圈 award 表示“颁奖章”；选项 Dreward 表示“报酬”。（16）.A in B on C at D around（分数： 0.50）A.B. VC.D.解析：此题属于语法题。此处需要一个介词与动词 arrive连用，其宾语为campus,因此介词on符合语法， 故选项 Bon 正确。选项 Ain 和选项 Cat 均有到达某地之意，但不能与campus 连用；选项 Daround表示“到处，四周”，与题意不符。全句可译为：每年各名牌大学的橄榄球队向 20或 30个球员提供奖学金，这些学生球员入学后免交学费、 书本费和食宿费等费用。（17）.A commit themselves to B commit themselves onC commute themselves to D comply themselves to（分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。 commit oneself to 表示“承诺”，例如： The government claimed to commit itself to improving health care根据上下文意思：作为 （对奖学金 ） 回报，学生运动员则要按约定投身到他们擅长的运动项目中，故选项 Acommit themselves to 正确。选项 Dcommit themselves on sth 表 示“表达意见”； 选项Ccommute themselves to 搭配不当，应为 commute for sth .（交换）；选项Dcomply themselves to 搭配不当，常用搭配为： comply with（ 遵守）。全句可译为：作为回报，学生运动员则要投身到他们擅长的体育项目中。（18）.A work in B work out C work over D work off（分数： 0.50）C.D.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。 work out表示“有结果；运动”，根据句意：学生运动员每天训练2个小时，因此选项Bwork out 正确。选项Awork in 表示“把计算在内”；选项 Cwork over 表示“把 狠揍一顿”；选项Dwork off 表示“把清除掉”。全句可译为：从一月到四月，一流大学的橄榄球运动员一周有四天的训练，每天训练两小时。（19）.A recalls B enlists C convenes D collects（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：此题属于语意搭配题。convene = call to meet/gather 表示“召集，根据句意：八月中旬，橄榄球训练营正式开营，即把队员召集到一起，故选项Cconvenes符合题意。选项Arecalls = remembers表示“想起”，或= calls back（sb ） 表示“召回 （ 某人）”；选项 Benlists 表示“从军，赞助，登记”； 选项 Dcollects 表示“收集，征集”。（20）.A in principle B in confidence C in name D in earnest（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：此题属于语意搭配题。 in earnest 表示“正式地，认真地”，根据题意：训练营的集训以及为九至 十二月赛季的开幕所做的准确工作应该是很严肃、正式的，故选项 Din earnest（ 正式地 ） 符合题意。选项D in principle 表示“原则上”；选项 Bin confidence 表示“私下里”；选项 Cin name 表示“名义 上”。全句可译为：到了夏天，又回到一周四天的体能与灵活性的训练中，一直持续到八月中旬，此时橄槛球训 练营正式开营，为九至十二月赛季的开幕所做的准备工作开始了。二、Section n Reading Comprehension （总题数：0，分数：0.00）三、Part A （ 总题数： 0，分数： 0.00）四、Text 1 （ 总题数：1，分数： 10.00）When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape.If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores and even baby-sitting, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape.Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those egregious specimens of Homesapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twenty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest after literally taking the wicked labor leader apart.Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could bethankfully given up by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, oneof the problems which has annoyed so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: There would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxleys Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.Notes: surrealistic 超现实的。 primate 灵长类动物。 gorilla 大猩猩。 baboon 狒狒。 chore 杂活。 care to do sth. （ 常用于否定句 ）（ =willing to do or agree to do sth. ） 愿意做某事。 trust A with B 把 B 托付给 A. egregious （ 通常指坏人或坏事 ） 异乎寻常的，突出的。 Home sapiens 人类。 finale n. 结局。 Epsilons 奴隶人名。 assorted 各色各样的。 Utopia 乌托邦，理想主义。（分数： 10.00 ）（1）.According to the text, the ape should be considered for certain jobsA only if it is able to understand scores of words.B which do not require any intelligence at all.C that are not suitable for human hands to tackle.D which are boring and cannot be tackled with machines. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析： 注释 细节理解题。本题问，根据课文所述，应考虑让猿做什么工作?参看第 1段。注意：第 2 段中有几个语言点应注意：1）for brains 为了智力。2）put a strain on对考验、负担。例如The additionalwork put a great strain on him（这项额外工作对他是一个很大的负担。）3）. I would not care totrust with a valuable ape中 care to（do） 意为“愿意”，多用于否定句中。例如： He didnt care tomeet these people.（他不愿会见这些人。）trust A with B 意为把 B托付给 A。例如：I cant trusthim with my car. （=I cant trust my car to him. ）（我不能把我的汽车托付给他管。 ） 可见，本文中的句子应译为“我不愿意把我的珍贵的猿托付给 （有些孩子）。 有些考生把该句译为“我不在意把 （有些孩子 ） 托付给一头珍贵的猿，那就与原文含义相悖，可谓差之毫厘，谬以千里了。望考生在做阅读理解题时， 千万不要满足于快读时的一知半解，应力求正确理解原文内涵，并从阅读中获取语言知识。（2）.By the honest but hairy hero （in Para. 3） the author most probably refers toA the human supervisor.B the geneticists as a whole.C the non-human worker.D the man breeding super-apes. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：注释词组释义题。从上下文看，此处the honest but hairy hero显然是指经过训练的猿，即“thenon-human worker。（3）.The author states that a supply of non-human workers for low IQ jobs wouldA substitute them for humans completely.B benefit man mentally and physically.C give rise to the opposition from geneticists.D be a disadvantage to many human workers. （分数： 2.00 ）B. VC.D.解析：注释作者观点题。本题问：作者认为用猿做智商低的工作有什么好处？第4段第1句写道：“一旦能提供非人类的工人（即指猿），人类就能有幸不再从事整整一系列的低智商的工作，这对人类在思想上 和体力上都有极大好处。选项B符合上面的表述。A中有completely ，这就绝对化了，故不能入选。注意：to ones advantage 对（某人）有利： More practice will be to your advantage.（多练习对你有利。）（4）.According to the author, breeding super-apes would beA a problem related to moral standards.B as bad as breeding sub-humans.C introducing a new form of slavery.D an advance in biological studies.（分数：2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：注释作者结论题。本题问：作者对培养超级猿的看法如何 ？最后一段最后一句写道：“第 1种做 法将会采用一种奴隶制；而第 2种做法将是生物学上的一大胜利，对人对动物都有好处。”可见，D符合作者的上述看法。(5) .The author of this article isA merely attempting to be humorous about the future workers.B revealing his high opinion of mankinds prospect.C expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape.D presenting an applausible theory in a humorous tone.(分数： 2.00 )A.B.C.D. V?从整篇文章的内在意思看，作者以幽默的D符合上述分析。解析：注释总结归纳题。本题问：作者写本文的意图是什么 笔调赞赏培育超级的猿来代替人做一些单调的体力活儿。可见，五、Text 2 （总题数：1,分数：10.00）How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most criticalyet contentious social policy questions. In manyways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Amongthe millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the over-whelming majority are from multiple earners, relativelyaffluent families. Mostof those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have familyresponsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at sometime during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily meanthat those failing in the labor market are adequately protected. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.(分数： 10.00 )(1) .Which of the tollowing does labor market problems in the first sentenee refer to?A Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C Trade relationships among producers of goods.D The overall causes of poverty. (分数： 2.00 )A. VB.C.D.解析： 解析 文章反复提到的问题，就是那些提供足够收入的工作，正如文中所说 millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their familliles remain in poverty。 B 选项 “缺少劳动力培训”；C选项“贸易往来”，在文中都没有提及；D选项是贫困的所有起因。故正确选项为 Ao(2) .The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that.A more people were unemployed in the 1930sB social programs are more needed nowC unemployment now has less severe effectsD there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty(分数： 2.00 )A.B.C. VD.解析： 解析 文中第一节提到 Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primaly breadwinnei s. ，可见，作者将当今情况与1930年的情况作比较的目的是为了说明现在失业的后果没有以前那么严重。A选项说1930年有更多的人失业。这是事实，但没有点出作者的真正意图。而B D两个选项在文中没有涉及。故正确选项为 Co(3) .Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?A hmovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes ofthe phenomena that they purport to measure. (分数： 2.00 )A.B.C. VD.解析： 解析 从文章最后一句话 There is only one area of agrcement in this debate that the existing poverfy ，employment ，and earnings statistics are inadequate for oneof their primary applieations ， measuring the eonseqt Jences of labor market problems 可以看出，作者对现有的统计数据并不满意， 认为新的统计标准应该被用来衡量失业和收入过少的职业。D 选项也提到了统计法，但它说“统计法可能是造成它想衡量的现象的原因之一”，这种说法完全是无本之木。故正确选项为C。(4) .The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show thatA there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessnessC recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workersD a majority of those who are jobless at any one time does not suffer severe hardship (分数： 2.00 )A.B. VC.D.解析： 解析 第二段的中心意思在于 Yet there are also many ways 0ur social statisticsunderestimate the degree of labor-market-related hatdship. 提到终年失业的人就是为了显示统计数 据时常低估失业带来的苦难。故正确选项为B。(5) .According to the text, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over predict the amount of economic hardship is the.A recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of mem