高考英语二轮专题复习与测试 第一篇 第一章 完形填空 第一节 巧用上下文语境课件

第一篇语言知识及应用第一篇语言知识及应用第一节巧用上下文语境第一节巧用上下文语境所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填空试题中，语境题是考查考生感知语言材料时所具空试题中，语境题是考查考生感知语言材料时所具备的基础知识、阅读能力、思维判断能力的综合性备的基础知识、阅读能力、思维判断能力的综合性试题，要求考生在解答试题时，以语篇为根本，根试题，要求考生在解答试题时，以语篇为根本，根据试题所处的语言环境来作出正确的判断与选择。据试题所处的语言环境来作出正确的判断与选择。该类题型着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行该类题型着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。分析、推理、判断的能力。在高考完形填空试题中，语境题所占比例最大，在高考完形填空试题中，语境题所占比例最大，约在约在50%以上。考查对具体语境的理解是近几年全以上。考查对具体语境的理解是近几年全国各省市高考完形填空的最大特点，充分体现了高国各省市高考完形填空的最大特点，充分体现了高考考“突出语境、淡化语法突出语境、淡化语法”的改革思路和命题精神。的改革思路和命题精神。例例1 Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks_1_than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more _2_than we realize.In fact，nonverbal communication(非言语交际非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really _3_And body language is particularly _4_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures(文化文化)What is called body language is so much，a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.一、根据上文语境考查下文语境一、根据上文语境考查下文语境1A.straighter Blouder Charder Dfurther2A.sands BinvitationsCfeelings Dmessages3A.hope BreceiveCdiscover Dmean4A.immediate Bmisleading Cimportant Ddifficult 1解析：解析：根据上文根据上文“Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！”可知。可知。答案：答案：B2解析：解析：根据上文根据上文“It speaks _1_than w o r d s . ” 及 下 文及 下 文 “ I n f a c t ， n o n v e r b a l communication takes up about 50% of what we really _3_”可知。可知。答案：答案：D3解析：解析：根据上文根据上文“It speaks _1_ than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more _2_than we realize.”可知。可知。答案：答案：D4解析：解析：根据上文根据上文“Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！”可知。可知。答案：答案：C例例2 Around twenty years ago I was living in York.Though I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree，I could not find satisfying work.I was driving a school bus to make ends meet and living with a friend of mine，for I had lost my flat.I had attended five interviews(面试面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not get the job.“Why has my life become so _？”I thought painfully.Ahard BbusyCserious Dshort 根据上文根据上文“I could not find satisfying work.to make ends meet and living with a friend of mine，for I had lost my flat.I had attended five interviews(面试面试)with company and.they called to say I did not get the job.”可可知知，生活艰难生活艰难(hard)。解析：解析：答案：答案：A例例1 I wasnt the only one “new” at the game，so I decided to _on learning the game，do my best at each practice session，and not be too hard on myself for the things I didnt know “just yet”Afocus BactCrely Dtry二、利用下文语境考查上文语境二、利用下文语境考查上文语境 根据下文根据下文“do my best at each practice session”可知作者下定决心学好篮球可知作者下定决心学好篮球，把精力都集中在学习篮球上把精力都集中在学习篮球上，故选故选A。focus on“把精力集中到把精力集中到上上”；act on“按照按照而行动而行动”；rely on“依赖依赖”；try on“试穿试穿”。四个选项中只有四个选项中只有focus on才能和才能和learning the game连用。连用。解析：解析：答案：答案：A例例2 Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！.For example，different societies treat the_1_between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having_2_contact(接触接触) even with friends，certainly not with strangers.People from Latin American countries on the other hand， touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in conversation it may look like a Latino is _3_a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving _4_The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep backing away which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.1A.trade BdistanceCconnections Dgreetings2A.eye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone3A.disturbing BhelpingCguiding Dfollowing4A.closer BfasterCin Daway 1解析：解析：根据下文根据下文“Northern Europeans usually do not like having_2_contact.touch each other quite a lot.”可知可知，应选应选distance。答案：答案：B2解析：解析：根据下文根据下文“People from Latin American countries on the other hand，touch each other quite a lot.”可知可知，指身体的指身体的(bodily)接触。接触。答案：答案：C 3解析：解析：根据下文根据下文“The Latino，trying to express friendship.which the Latino will in return regard as coldness.”可知。句意：因此可知。句意：因此，在谈话时在谈话时，就有可能看起来好像一个就有可能看起来好像一个Latino跟着跟着(following)一一个个Norwegian在屋里团团转在屋里团团转。答案：答案：D4解析：解析：根据下文根据下文“The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness”可知可知，应选应选closer。答案：答案：A例例1 Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining，construction，and warfare as the inventor of dynamite(炸药炸药).the article read.“Dr.Alfred Nobel，who became _by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.”.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to.Afamous BsickCrich Dpopular三、考查对上下文语境的综合理解三、考查对上下文语境的综合理解 由首句由首句“became a millionaire”和和后文后文“give the largest part of his money”可知可知，此空应选此空应选C。解析：解析：答案：答案：C例例2 The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example，people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner.In one study，shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)_Tshirt than a person wearing a Tshirt printed with offensive words.Aexpensive BplainCcheap Dstrange 根据上文根据上文“The degree of similarity between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.”及下文及下文“than a person wearing a Tshirt printed with offensive words”可知可知，应选与，应选与offensive words相对的相对的plain(素色的素色的，无装饰的无装饰的，朴素的朴素的)。解析：解析：答案：答案：B利用上下文语境解答下列完形填空题。利用上下文语境解答下列完形填空题。(一一)Just sitting in the wheelchair was a learning experience. I tried to find a _1_ position and thought it might be restful，just kind of nice，to be_2_ around for a while.Looking around，I _3_ I would have to handle the thing myself!u即学即即学即练练1A.flexible BsafeCstarting Dcomfortable2A.shown BpushedCdriven DGuided3A.realized Bsuggested Cagreed Dadmitted1解析：解析：根据上文根据上文“sitting in wheelchair”可知可知此处意为此处意为“我试着找一个比较舒服的姿势我试着找一个比较舒服的姿势”。答案：答案：D2解析：解析：根据上文中的根据上文中的 wheelchair 可知选可知选pushed，be pushed around表示表示“被别人推着到处转被别人推着到处转转转”。答案：答案：B3解析：解析：根据上文根据上文“restful，just kind of nice”及下文及下文“I would have to handle the things myself！”可知作者意识到可知作者意识到(realize)事情并不像自己想的那样事情并不像自己想的那样。答案：答案：A (二二) I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it.When I was 13，my parents took us there for camping.On the way out，I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitan，a huge rock of 3，300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew immediately I wanted to climb it.That has been my lifes passion(钟爱钟爱)ever since_ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. Ive long made Yosemite my home. As a rockclimbing guide，I knew nothing about organizing any big event.But in 2004，together with some climbers.Aimagining BpaintingCdescribing Dclimbing解析：解析：根据上文根据上文“I touched that giant rock and knew immediately I wanted to climb it”及下及下文文“As a rockclimbing guide”可知可知，从那时以从那时以来来，攀岩攀岩(climbing)和爬山成了我的钟爱和爬山成了我的钟爱。答案：答案：D (三三)Rules help us live together in harmony，because they show us the right way to treat others.However，some people argue that rules may be _，having observed that rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to decide what is right?Adisgusting BconfusingCunsafe Dunimportant解析：解析：根据下文根据下文“.rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different onesso who is to decide what is right？”可知应选可知应选confusing(令令人困惑的人困惑的)。答案：答案：B (四四)But the phone didnt work，and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway，he was_1_by a wall of flames.Sibson realized he was trapped(困困住住)Sibsons house was three kilometers _2_the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calling for help would be_3_1A.burned BstoppedCshocked Dcovered2A.beside BoffCacross Dalong3A.limited BfalseCfruitless Dregretful1解析：解析：从下文的从下文的“Sibson realized he was trapped.”可知他被火墙可知他被火墙“拦住了拦住了”。答案：答案：B2解析：解析：从下文的从下文的“and was so well hidden by trees”可知可知Sibson的房子应该的房子应该“远离远离”主干道。主干道。答案：答案：B3解析：解析：从上文的从上文的“Sibsons house was off the main road，so well hidden by trees”可知呼救是可知呼救是“没没有结果的有结果的”。答案：答案：C (五五)Although Id left myself plenty of time，soon it was _1_ I was going to be late，as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the _2_direction.1A.strange BnecessaryCobvious Dimportant2A.same BrightCgeneral Dopposite解析：解析：先由先由“mistakenly boarded a bus”可可知是坐错了车知是坐错了车，从而走错了方向从而走错了方向，所以第所以第2题是题是opposite，选选D。因为坐错车。因为坐错车，所以很明显要迟到所以很明显要迟到了了，第第1题应选题应选C。答案：答案：1.C2.D