Drilling+Rig+Components石油钻机图示

Drilling Rig Components1. Crown Block and Water Table 天车和井架天车台2. Catline Boom and Hoist Line 猫头绳悬臂和绞车绳3. Drilling Line 钻绳4. Monkeyboard 井架工作台 5. Traveling Block 游动滑车6. Top Drive 顶驱7. Mast 轻便井架8. Drill Pipe 钻杆9. Doghouse 钻台值班房10. Blowout Preventer 防喷器11. Water Tank 水箱 12. Electric Cable Tray 电缆排 13. Engine Generator Sets 发电机组14. Fuel Tank 燃油箱15. Electrical Control House 电气控制室16. Mud Pumps 泥浆泵17. Bulk Mud Component Tanks 散装泥浆原料罐18. Mud Tanks (Pits泥浆池) 19. Reserve Pit 泥浆储备池20. Mud-Gas Separator 泥浆天然气分离器21. Shale Shakers 振动筛22. Choke Manifold 节流管汇23. Pipe Ramp 管子坡道24. Pipe Racks 钻杆架25. Accumulator 蓄压器Additional rig components not illustrated at right. 26. Annulus 油套管环形空间 27. Brake 制动器28. Casing Head 井口采油装置29. Cathead 升降套管用绞车Equipment used in drilling 48. Ram BOP 闸板式防喷器49. Rathole 大鼠洞50. Rotary Hose 水龙带51. Rotary Table 转盘52. Slips 卡瓦53. Spinning chain 旋链54. Stairways 楼梯55. Standpipe 立管56. Surface Casing 表层套管推荐精选30. Catwalk 工作平台31. Cellar 钻台下的圆井或方井32. Conductor Pipe 表层套管33. Degasser 脱气装置34. Desander 除砂器35. Desilter 除泥36. Drawworks 绞车37. Drill Bit 钻头38. Drill Collars 钻铤39. Drillers Console 司钻控制台40. Elevators 升降机41. Hoisting Line 起重用钢丝绳42. Hook 大钩43. Kelly 方钻杆 44. Kelly Bushing 方钻杆套筒45. Kelly Spinner 方钻杆旋扣器46. Mousehole 小鼠洞47. Mud Return Line 泥浆返回管线57. Substructure 井架底座58. Swivel 钻井水龙头59. Tongs大钳60. Walkways 通道61. Weight Indicator 指重表,钻压表Crown Block and Water Table天车和井架天车台An assembly of sheaves槽轮 or pulleys滑轮 mounted on beams at the top of the derrick. The drilling line is run over the sheaves down to the hoisting drum 提升滚筒. 26. Catline Boom and Hoist Line 猫头绳悬臂和绞车绳推荐精选A structural framework erected 安装near the top of the derrick for lifting material. Drilling Line钻绳A wire rope hoisting line, reeved on sheaves of the crown block and traveling block (in effect a block and tackle滑轮组). Its primary purpose is to hoist or lower drill pipe or casing套管 from or into a well. Also, a wire rope used to support the drilling tools. 推荐精选Monkeyboard井架工作台The derrickmans working platform. Double board, tribble立根board, forble board二层台; a monkey board located at a height in the derrick or mast equal to two, three, or four lengths of pipe respectively. 推荐精选Traveling Block游动滑车An arrangement of pulleys滑轮or sheaves through which drilling cable is reeved绕上钢丝绳的, which moves up or down in the derrick or mast. 推荐精选Top Drive顶驱The top drive rotates the drill string钻杆柱end bit without the use of a kelly传动钻杆and rotary table. The top drive is operated from a control console控制台on the rig floor. 推荐精选Mast轻便井架A portable derrick capable of being erected as a unit, as distinguished from a standard derrick, which cannot be raised to a working position as a unit. Drill Pipe钻杆The heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and circulate the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe 30 feet long are coupled together with tool joints. 推荐精选27. Doghouse钻台值班房A small enclosure on the rig floor used as an office for the driller or as a storehouse for small objects. Also, any small building used as an office or for storage. Blowout Preventer防喷器A large valve, usually installed above the ram preventers闸板防喷器, that forms a seal in the annular space between the pipe and well bore井眼 or, if no pipe is present, on the well bore itself Water Tank水箱Is used to store water that is used for mud mixing, cementing注水泥, and rig cleaning. 推荐精选Electric Cable Tray电缆排Supports the heavy electrical cables that feed the power from the control panel to the rig motors. Engine Generator Sets发电机组A diesel柴油机, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), natural gas, or gasoline engine, along with a mechanical transmission and generator for producing power for the drilling rig. Newer rigs use electric generators to power electric motors on the other parts of the rig. Fuel Tanks燃油箱Fuel storage tanks for the power generating system. 推荐精选Electric House电气控制室On diesel electric rigs, powerful diesel engines drive large electric generators. The generators produce electricity that flows through cables to electric switches and control equipment enclosed in a control cabinet or panel. Electricity is fed to electric motors via the panel. Mud Pump泥浆泵A large reciprocating往复的pump used to circulate the mud (drilling fluid) on a drilling rig. 推荐精选Bulk Mud Components in Storage散装泥浆原料存储Hopper加料漏斗type tanks for storage of drilling fluid components. Mud Pits泥浆池A series of open tanks, usually made of steel plates, through which the drilling mud is cycled to allow sand and sediments残渣to settle out. Additives添加剂are mixed with the mud in the pit, and the fluid is temporarily stored there before being pumped back into the well. Mud pit compartments are also called shaker pits混合池, settling pits沉砂池, and suction pits泥浆池, depending on their main purpose.推荐精选28. Reserve Pits泥浆储备池A mud pit in which a supply of drilling fluid has been stored. Also, a waste pit, usually an excavated挖掘, earthen-walled pit. It may be lined with plastic to prevent soil contamination. Mud Gas Separator泥浆天然气分离器A device that removes gas from the mud coming out of a well when a kick井涌is being circulated out. 29. Shale Shaker振动筛A series of trays槽 with sieves筛子or screens滤网that vibrate振动 to remove cuttings from circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations. The size of the openings in the sieve is selected to match the size of the solids in the drilling fluid and the anticipated size of cuttings. Also called a shaker. 推荐精选Choke Manifold节流管汇The arrangement of piping and special valves, called chokes, through which drilling mud is circulated when the blowout preventers are closed to control the pressures encountered during a kick井涌. Pipe Ramp管子坡道An angled ramp for dragging drill pipe up to the drilling platform or bringing pipe down off the drill platform. 推荐精选Pipe Racks钻杆架A horizontal support for tubular goods.Accumulator蓄压器The storage device for nitrogen 氮pressurized hydraulic fluid, which is used in operating the blowout preventers. Annulus环形空间The space around a pipe in a well bore, the outer wall of which may be the wall of either the bore hole or the casing; sometimes termed the annular space. 推荐精选 Brake制动器The braking device on the drawworks to stop a load being lifted. Casing Head井口采油装置A heavy, flanged steel fitting connected to the first string套管柱of casing. It provides a housing卡箍 for slips卡瓦and packing assemblies密封装置, allows suspension悬挂of intermediate and production strings of casing, and supplies the means for the annulus to be sealed off封堵. Also called a spool间距套管. 推荐精选Cathead升降套管用绞车A spool-shaped attachment on a winch around which rope for hoisting and pulling is wound. Catwalk工作平台The ramp at the side of the drilling rig where pipe is laid to be lifted to the derrick floor by the catline or by an air hoist. Cellar钻台下的圆井或方井A pit in the ground to provide additional height between the rig floor钻台and the well head井口装置to accommodate the installation of blowout preventers, ratholes, mouseholes, and so forth. It also collects drainage water and other fluids for disposal排出. 推荐精选Conductor Pipe表层套管The largest diameter casing and the topmost length of casing. It is relatively short and encases the topmost string of casing. Degasser脱气装置The equipment used to remove unwanted gas from a liquid, especially from drilling fluid. 推荐精选Desilter除泥器A centrifugal 离心式的device, similar to a desander除砂器, used to remove very fine particles精细的颗粒, or silt淤泥, from drilling fluid. This keeps the amount of solids in the fluid to the lowest possible level. Drawworks绞车The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a large winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drill stem and bit.Drill Bit钻头The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells. Most bits used in rotary drilling are roller-cone bits 牙轮钻头. The bit consists of the cutting elements and the circulating element. The circulating element permits the passage of drilling fluid and uses the hydraulic force of the fluid stream to improve drilling rates. Drill Collar 钻铤A heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, used between the drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem. It is used to put weight on the bit so that the bit can drill. 推荐精选Drillers Console司钻控制台The control panel, located on the platform, where the driller controls drilling operations. 推荐精选Elevators升降机A set of clamps夹钳that grips a stand立根, or column柱管, of casing, tubing, drill pipe, or sucker rods抽油杆, so the stand can be raised or lowered into the hole. Hoisting Line起重用钢丝绳A wire rope used in hoisting operations. Must conform to the API standards for its intended uses. 推荐精选Hook大钩A large, hook-shaped device from which the elevator bails吊卡提环or the swivel钻井水龙头is suspended. It is designed to carry maximum loads ranging from 100 to 650 tons and turns on bearings in its supporting housing. Kelly方钻杆The heavy square or hexagonal六边形的steel member suspended from the swivel through the rotary table. It is connected to the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns.推荐精选 Kelly Bushing方钻杆套筒A device fitted to the rotary table through which the kelly passes. It is the means by which the torque of the rotary table is transmitted to the kelly and to the drill stem. Also called the drive bushing. 推荐精选Kelly Spinner方钻杆旋扣器A device for spinning the drill pipe. Replaces the spinning chain旋链. Mousehole小鼠洞Shallow bores under the rig floor, usually lined with pipe, in which joints of drill pipe are temporarily suspended for later connection to the drill string. 推荐精选Mud Return Line泥浆返回管线A trough or pipe, placed between the surface connections at the well bore and the shale shaker振动筛. Drilling mud flows through it upon its return to the surface from the hole. Ram Blowout Preventer闸板式防喷器A blowout preventer that uses rams to seal off pressure on a hole that is with or without pipe. It is also called a ram preventer. Ram-type preventers have interchangeable可互换的ram blocks to accommodate different O.D. drill pipe, casing, or tubing. Rathole大鼠洞A hole in the rig floor 30 to 35 feet deep, lined with casing that projects above the floor. The kelly is placed in the rathole when hoisting operations are in progress. 推荐精选Rotary Hose水龙带The hose on a rotary drilling rig that conducts the drilling fluid from the mud pump and standpipe to the swivel and kelly; also called the mud hose泥浆软管or the kelly hose钻井高压水龙带.Rotary Table转盘The principal component of a rotary, or rotary machine, used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly. It has a beveled gear斜齿轮arrangement to create the rotational motion and an opening into which bushings套筒are fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly. Note the pipe spinner (in red) on the side of the swivel. 推荐精选Slips 卡瓦Wedge楔形-shaped pieces of metal with teeth or other gripping elements that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down into the hole or to hold pipe in place. Rotary slips fit滑动配合 around the drill pipe and wedge楔形against the master bushing套管 to support the pipe. Power slips are pneumatically空气 or hydraulically actuated 驱动devices that allow the crew to dispense with the manual handling of slips when making a connection. Packers and other down hole equipment are secured in position by slips that engage the pipe by action directed at the surface. Spinning Chain旋链A relatively short length of chain attached to the tong pull chain on the manual tongs used to make up drill pipe. The spinning chain is attached to the pull chain so that a crew member can wrap the spinning chain several times around the tool joint box of a joint of drill pipe suspended in the rotary table. After crew members stab the pin of another tool joint into the box end, one of them then grasps the end of the spinning chain and with a rapid upward motion of the wrist throws the spinning chainthat is, causes it to unwrap from the box and coil upward onto the body of the joint stabbed into the box. The driller then actuates the makeup cathead to pull the chain off of the pipe body, which causes the pipe to spin and thus the pin threads to spin into the box. 推荐精选Stairways 楼梯Stairs leading from one level to another. Protected with handrails.推荐精选Standpipe立管A vertical pipe rising along the side of the derrick or mast. It joins the discharge line leading from the mud pump to the rotary hose and through which mud is pumped going into the hole. 推荐精选Surface Casing 表层套管Usually the first casing to be run in a well. This is done after spudding开钻-in so a blowout preventer can be installed before drilling is started. 推荐精选Substructure 井架底座The foundation on which the derrick or mast and usually the drawworks sit; contains space for storage and well control equipment. Swivel 钻井水龙头A rotary tool that is hung from the rotary hook and traveling block to suspend and permit free rotation of the drill stem. It also provides a connection for the rotary hose and a passageway for the flow of drilling fluid into the drill stem. Tongs 大钳The large wrenches扳手 used for turning when making up or breaking out drill pipe, casing, tubing, or other pipe; variously called casing tongs, rotary tongs, and so forth according to the specific use. Power tongs are pneumatically or hydraulically operated tools that spin the pipe up and, in some instances, apply the final makeup torque. 推荐精选Walkways 走道An area cleared for moving through by personnel and protected with a handrail. 推荐精选Weight Indicator 钻压表A device for measuring the weight of the drill string钻杆柱. Monthly calibration 校准to calculated drill string weight is required by API. （注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!） 推荐精选