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Unit3Celebration语法篇第 5 页1 、掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，过去将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时及其被动语态的用法。2 、掌握情态动词must,haveto,can,could及oughtto的用法。一，被动语态1. 被动语态的概念：当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫做被动语态。2. 被动语态的构成：助动词be（或get）+过去分词，助动词be（或get）有时态，人称和数的变化。3. 被动语态的形式：一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone一般将来时：will/shallbedone过去将来时：wouldbedone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：has/havebeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone经典例句： Fastfoodisservedhere.这儿卖快餐。 Thenewfilmwillbeshownnextweek.这部新电影将会在下周放映。 Theconcerthasbeenputofftillnextweek.音乐会已经被推迟到下周了。4. 何种情况下使用被动语态：当不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者，或者动作本身更为重要时，动词使用被动语态。例：ToomuchbookshavebeenwrittenabouttheSecondWorldWar.关于第二次世界大战的书太多了。5. 主动形式表被动意义：系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste等+形容词构成系表结构：Steelfeelscold.钢摸起来很凉。表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read,write,wash,sell,wear,cook,lock,shut,open,dry,drink等，这类动词一般不单独使用，常有副词修饰：Theclothwasheswell.这种布料好洗。表示开始，结束，运动的动词，如：begin,start,end,finish,close,stop,move,run等：Workginsat7oclockinthemorning.早上7点开始工作。二，情态动词1. haveto/donthaveto不得不/不必haveto表示“不得不”，指在客观条件下不得不去做某事；否定式donthaveto表示“没必要，不必”，有时态和人称的变化。易混辨析：must:表示“必须，应该”，语气强烈。回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用neednt或donthaveto,表示不必，而mustnt的含义是“禁止，不准”。表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，准是，常用于肯定句。译为“偏要，非要不可”，常表达说话人抱怨的口气。例：Hehadtoworkhardtosupportthefamily.他不得不努力工作来养家。（客观需要）Youdonthavetogotoschoolatonce.你不必马上去上学。Youmustbehungryafteralongwalk.走了很长一段路，你一定饿了。（肯定推测）2. can/cant能/不能can,could（can的过去式）的用法：can:表能力（现在）表客观或理论上的可能性表请求和允许表推测，常用于否定句和疑问句，can比could语气强cannottoo/enough无论也不过分，越越好cannotbutdo不得不（=havetodo）could:表能力（过去）表推测，常用于否定句和疑问句，比can语气弱表请求和允许。用在疑问句时比can语气委婉，不表过去。例：Anexperiencedteachercanalsomakemistakes.一个有经验的老师也可能犯错误。（客观可能性）Hecantbeourmanager.HehasgonetoBeijing.他不可能是我的经理。他去北京了。（否定推测）3. oughtto/oughtnotto应该/不应该表示说话者认为“应该做/不应该做”；也表示说话者根据一定的依据进行推测，译为“按道理说应该/不应该”。其后跟动词原形，疑问式是把ought提到主语前。oughtto作为情态动词，经常考查与其不定式的完成时搭配的用法，即：oughttohavedone=shouldhavedone，表示“本应该做了某事而实际没有”，oughtnttohavedone=shouldnthavedone，表示“本不应该做某事而实际做了”。Neednt表示某一动作不必要做，而oughtnotto表示某一动作是错误的，与shouldnt类似，但语气更强。例：Heoughttobemorecarefulnexttime.下次他应该更小心才是。Sheoughtnottoletoutthesecret.她不该泄露这个秘密。Youneedntgoforhim;hehascomehere.你没必要去找他；他已经来了。例1.Thelettersforthebossonhisdeskbuthedidntreadthemuntilthreedayslater.A. wereputB. wasputC. putD. hasput例2.ShakespearesplayHamletintoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A. hadbeenmadeB. wasmadeC. hasbeenmadeD. wouldbemade例3.Youbuyagift,butyoucanifyouwanttodo.A. mustB. mustntC. havetoD. donthaveto例4.（2019北京通州高三一模）Fredhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseitseriously.A. damagedB. hadbeendamagedC. wasbeingdamagedD. haddamaged例5.（2019北京丰台高三第一学期期末）Juggingfromhisaccent,hebefromAustralia.A. needntB. mustntC. cantD. wouldnt基础演练一，根据句意，在空白处填入恰当的词或用括号内的词的正确形式填空。1. AMidsummerNightsDream(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.2. Hi,Smith,canIborrowthemeetingroomupstairsthisafternoon?Sorry.It(paint).3. SomeresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubtthatacureforAIDS(find).4. Ifnothing(do),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.5. WhenIwasachild,IwatchTVwheneverIwantedto.6. Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He(drink)toomuchatthepartylastnight.7. Whyareyoureyessored?Youhavesleptwelllastnight.Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.8. wegototheMcDonald?Imsickofthefoodthere.9. Holidayshoppingbeatiringexperience.Therearesomanyplacestovisitandchoicestomake.10. MustItakeabus?No,you.Youcantakeawalkhere.巩固提高单项选择。1. Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hehavedonetheresearchonhisown.A.canB.mustC.wouldD.need2. Hesleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.A.wouldntB.shouldntC.couldntD.mustnt3. Whyitgetcolderwhenweclimbupamountain?Wearegettingnearertothesun!A.oughttoB.wouldC.shouldD.must4. Ifhehadstarredatnineoclock,hehavebeeninLondonbyelevenoclock.A.MustB.mayC.oughttoD.hasto第5页5. YoumustbeveryexcitedaboutgoingtoLondonforfurtherstudy.,butIamafraidIwontdowellbecausemyEnglishispoor.A. I m sorryC. I don t know yet单项选择。B. Certainly notD. Well, I ought to be1. The thief was reportedmore than $50,000 from the millionaire.A. to stealB. to be stealing C. to have stolen D. to be stolen2. What will you do next Sunday? Maybe do some shopping, for I go to school on Sunday.A. mustn t B. shouldn tC. don t have to D. had better not3. If youyourself to the job in hand, youll soon finish it.A. requestB. appealC. applyD. claim4. Mary a professor for half a year.A. has marriedB. married withC. marriedD. has been married to5. Jenny is always absent from school, _ I suppose is why she is criticized now and then.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. what第9页A. I m not sure.C. That s right.7. It s a good idea. But who I think Tom and Grey will.A. set aside B. carry out6. Excuseme,istheshopopenaroundtheclock?.Onlyfrom8:00am.to4:00pm.B. Well,itdepends.D.Imafraidnot.sgoingtotheplan?C. takeinD.getthrough8. Helen,willyoubeatthepartytonight?-Imsorry,butIhavesomuchhomeworktodothatlreally.A.wontB.cantC.mustntD.shouldnt9. Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecentre,_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whichD.where10.1 nawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed11. Herwayofsmilingleftagoodimpressiononme.A.successfulB.particularC.usualD.peaceful12. Nodecisionaboutanyfutureappointment（任命）untilallthecandidates（候选人）havebeeninterviewed.A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingD.hasbeenmade13. （2019北京101中学高三测试）IwilljointheschoolsingingclubaslongasIfindsparetime.A.willB.mightC.shouldD.can14. （2019北京顺义高三模）Everyonethinksthatthesamequestionsagainonthisyearsoraltest.A.willaskB.haveaskedC.willbeaskedD.havebeenasked15. （2019北京顺义高三一模）Youngchildrenundertheageoffourbeinachildsafetyseatwhiletakingacar.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will一，完形填空。Robisonwasborninaverypoorfamily.Atseven,hehadtopickcalinadesertedmine,thenhe1whathehadpickedandearnedafewcoinstohelphisparents.Hehad2schooling.3so.poor,howcouldtheypayfortheeducation?Whenhewasfifteen,heworked4aservantinaschool,lookingatotherchildrenstudyingintheclassroom,hefelt5forhimself.Howhewishedtohavethesamechance.He6tostudybyhimself.Inthedaytimeafterthesweepingandcleaningwasover,he7_standbythewindowoutsidetheclassroomtryingto8whattheteachersaid.Atnight,hetriedhisbesttoremember9hehadlearnedduringtheday.Heworked10hardatthelessonsthathesometimeshadjustthreeorfourhours11.Themorehelearned,the12hewantedtolearn.Amathteacher13himandcametolikethisdiligent（刻苦）boyand14himtositatthebackoftheclass.In15.exam,hewastheoneinthewholeschoolwhoreachedthe16grade.Robisonwentonforsixyears17_hisstudyofmathandwroteseveralarticleswhichdrewtheattentionofsomeuniversityprofessors.Theyappreciated（欣赏）histalentandhisdiligence.1_8_himthebetterchancetheyemployedhimasalibrarianand19_himfreeguidance.Robisonwasfilledwithjoy.Frohefeltthatbeforehimtherewasabroadroadleadingto组1.A.burnedB.gaveC.sentD.sold2.A.anyB.lessC.noD.small3.A.BecauseB.AsC.ForD.Being4A.likeB.asC.forD.at5A.sorryB.angryC.disappointedD.interesting6.A.wishedB.wantedC.decidedD.considered7.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might8.A.doB.catchC.listentoD.hear9.A.whenB.allC.thatD.which10A.suchB.tooC.soD.very11A.studyB.sleepC.workD.time12.A.betterB.harderC.lessD.more13.A.punishedB.discoveredC.likedD.laughedat14.A.allowedB.letC.pushedD.tired15.A.hisB.aC.oneD.the16.A.highestB.mostC.tallestD.largest17.A.forB.atC.withD.in18.A.TogiveB.GivingC.GiveD.Forgiving19.A.taughtB.offeredC.sentD.supplied20.A.deathB.successC.schoolD.happiness二，写作。假设你是李华，你的美国老师MissMorgan要求你们明天下午去听一个有关美国历史的讲座，你因故不能参加。请你根据以下要点，写一封短信项MissMorgan请假。内容要点：1. 表示歉意；2. 理由：去机场接从法国回来的舅舅；3. 询问：是否有录音，以便补听讲座。注意：1. 词数：100左右；2. 可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMissMorgan,YourssincerelyLiHua第 10 页
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