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第7讲 形容词和副词一、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级1.tall _ _2.late _ _3.angry _ _4.big _ _5.wet _ _6.serious _ _7.expensive _ _taller tallest later latest angrier angriest bigger biggest wetter wettest more serious most serious more expensive most expensive 8.hard _ _9.quickly _ _10.carefully _ _11.good/well _ _12.bad/ill _ _13.little _ _14.many/much _ _15.old _ _harder hardest more quickly most quickly more carefully most carefully better best worse worst less least more most older/elder oldest/eldest 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1John is _ (clever) than Sam.2Who sings _ (well), Rose or Alice?3The man took off his shoes and put them under his bed very_ (quiet)4Ann felt very _ (happy) at her birthday party.5Which is _ (far) from us, the sun or the moon?6She looks _ (thin) than me.7It snowed _ (heavy) last night and now the streetsare covered with snow.cleverer better quietly happy farther/further thinner heavily 8 Mr.Benson seems to be the _ (busy) man in theoffice.9Meimei writes _ (carefully) of the three girls.10 We dont think their classroom is as _ (clean) asours.11Li Lei is _ (young) boy in his class.12 I think English is _ (interesting) than anyother subject.13David has _ (many) story books of all thestudents.14Lucy runs _ (slow) than Lily.15Which do you like _ (good), cats, dogs, orchickens?busiest most carefully clean the youngest more interesting the most more slowly best 年份考点题型2014形容词最高级(the largest)词义辨析(especially, surprised, still)形容词的用法(rich)副词的用法(too)单项填空 33单项填空 40，完形填空46,47短文填空 72短文填空 782013形容词比较级(much better)词义辨析(patiently)副词的用法(once)形容词的用法(fast)单项填空 33完形填空 50短文填空 77短文填空 792012词义辨析(hardly)形容词最高级(the most serious)词义辨析(sick, never, pleased)形容词的用法(tired/sleepy, such, more )单项填空 30单项填空 40完形填空 48,52,53短文填空 74,77,78再现中考形容词的用法题1(2014 年广东)Mike felt quite _46_， but he told herit was a sparrow (麻雀) and got back into reading.46A.angryCproudBlonelyDsurprised点拨选D。根据上下文可知迈克对母亲的问题感到惊讶(surprised)。题2(2012年广东)Outside a shop he saw a homeless oldman who looked very _48_.The old man answered, “Im hungry.I havent had any food fortwo days.”48A.afraidBgladCsickDangry点拨选C。跳读下文所述可知，这位老人两天未吃食物了，推断此处他看上去是“患病的”样子。故选C。题3(2014年广东)It was said to be the land of gold andpoor people could easily become _72_ there.点拨填 rich。根据前句的 poor people 可知应填rich。副词用法题1(2014 年广东)Take care when you are driving,_ in a summer storm like this.AimmediatelyCprobablyBespeciallyDrecently点拨选B。immediately 立即地；especially 尤其；probably可能；recently 最近，新近。由句意“开车的时候要注意，尤其是在像这样的夏季暴风雨中。”可知B 项符合。题2(2014年广东)Mike got a little angry but _47_answered her question.47.A.stillBalwaysCalreadyDseldom点拨选A。句意：虽然生气了，但是还是回答了她的问题。still 意为“仍然，还”，所以选A。题3(2014 年广东)I was popular with my workmates,_78_.点拨填too。肯定句中的 “也”，用too。形容词、副词的比较级、最高级题1(2014 年广东)Ive heard that Zhuhai Chimelong OceanKingdom is one of _ ocean parks in Asia.Avery largeCmuch largerBthe largerDthe largest点拨选D。由in Asia 可知是在亚洲范围内进行比较，故用最高级。题2(2013年广东)What do you think of the film SoYoung directed by Zhao Wei?Wonderful.I think its _ than the other films aboutyouth in recent years.A.the bestCmuch betterBthe worstDmuch worse点拨选C。由“Wonderful.”可知我认为它比最近这几年关于青春的电影“好得多”。答语中有than 可知要用比较级，故选C。题3(2012 年广东)Eighteen kids died in the school busaccident in Gansu Province.Its _ one that I have everheard of.Aa very seriousCthe most seriousBa more seriousDthe least serious点拨选C。根据句意“那是我听到的最严重的一个”可知用最高级，故答案选C。题4(2012 年广东)The longer the holidays are, the _78_homework I get.点拨填more。句意：假期越长，我们的作业越多。“the形容词比较级 ，the 形容词比较级 ” 表示“ 越 ，越”，故填more。形容词的用法及其在句中的位置1形容词的用法(1)形容词的基本用法形容词主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，在句中可以作定语、表语和宾语补足语等成分。 如：She is a good student.她是一个好学生。(作定语)Computers are very useful in our everyday life.电脑在我们的日常生活中很有用。(作表语)He makes them angry.他让他们很生气。(作宾语补足语)条件结构例句说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原级The flowers in thegarden are beautiful.花园的花儿真漂亮。有表示程度的副词too, very, so, quite,enough 等修饰时，用形容词原级The boy is too young.这个男孩太小了。(2)形容词原级的用法条件结构例句表示 A 与B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级肯定句中的结构：A.as形容词原级asBEnglish is as interesting asChinese.英语和语文一样有趣。否定句中的结构：A.not as/so形容词原级asBIm not so careful as Lucy.我不如露茜仔细。表示 A 是 B 的几倍：A.倍数as 形容词原级as B(1 倍：once, 2 倍：twice, 3 倍以上：数字times)Our school is three timesas big as theirs. 我们的学校是他们的三倍大。表 示 “ 是 的 一半”：A.half as形容词原级asBHer room is half as big asyours.她的房间是你的房间的一半大。（续表）位置例句大部分形容词通常放在所修饰的名词之前作定语This is an unhealthy diet.这是一种不健康的饮食。部分形容词跟在连系动词(含 be 动词)之后作表语It seems good, but its bad.它似乎是好的，其实不好。That sounds good.那听上去不错。Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天叶子变黄了。形容词可放在部分动词之后，作宾语补足语。常见的可跟宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find, feel, think等You should keep your classroom clean andtidy.你们应该保持教室干净整洁。Sunny days make me happy. 晴 朗 的 日 子让我愉快。I think it fun to learn English.我觉得学英语有趣。2.形容词在句中的位置位置例句表示长、宽、高、深及年龄等的形容词放在其相应的名词之后The bridge is 200 meters long. 这 座 桥 长200 米。形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词之后I have something important to do. 我 有 些重要的事要做。（续表）注意：(1)由连字符连接起来的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式。 如：an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩(2)有些形容词只能作定语，而不能作表语，如：little 小的，only 唯一的，elder 年长的，real 真实的。典题分析题1(2014 年安徽)It is _ for me to follow theAustralian guests because I am good at English.AbadChardBeasyDright点拨选B。bad 坏的；easy 简单的，容易的；hard 硬的，难的；right 对的。句意：对我来说，我很容易听懂澳大利亚客人的意思，因为我很擅长英语。故选B。题2(2013年白银)English isnt as _ as Chinese. Maybe, perhaps its just because Chinese is your nativelanguage.AeasyBeasilyCeasierDeasiest 点拨 选A 。“as 形容词原级as”意为“和一样”。题3(2012 年天津)All the students are talking and laughingin the classroom and its _.AnoisyBlonelyCquietDstrict点拨选A。由“talking and laughing”可知选A。副词种类例词时间和频度副词yesterday, now, tonight, soon, ever, once, always, usually,often, sometimes 等地点副词here, there, home, out, inside, behind, downstairs, near,everywhere 等程度副词well, very, quite, rather, so, such, much, a lot, a little, too,enough, much too 等方式副词badly, easily, happily, luckily, carefully, quickly, slowly 等疑问副词when, where, why, how, how often 等副词的分类及构成1副词的分类副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子，表示时间、地点、方式和程度等概念。按其词汇意义一般分为以下五类：2.副词的构成(1)大部分形容词加后缀-ly 构成副词。如：badbadlystrongstronglytruetrulyeasyeasilyquietquietlyusualusuallysimplesimplyfullfullyhappyhappilyquickquicklycarefulcarefullyterribleterriblybusybusilyheavyheavily注意：有些以-ly 结尾的词并不是副词，而是形容词。如：friendly (友好的), lovely (可爱的), lonely (孤独的), likely (很可能的), lively (活泼的), ugly (丑陋的)，等等。(2)有些形容词与副词同形。如：early adj.早的adv.早 daily adj.每日的；日常的 adv.每天fast adj.快的；迅速的；紧密的 adv.快地；迅速地；紧密地hard adj.硬的；困难的；艰难的adv.努力地；困难地；猛烈地注意：有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词，但加了-ly 之后意义相差很大。如：adv.努力地；使劲地；猛烈地hard adj.硬的；困难的；艰难的hardly adv.几乎不adv.迟地；晚地late adj.迟的；晚的lately adv.近来典题分析题1(2014 年河南)Where shall we eat tonight?Lets call Harry.He _ knows the best places to go.AonlyBnearlyCseldomDalways点拨选D。句意：“今晚我们在哪儿就餐？”“让我们打电话给亨利吧。他总是知道最好的去处。”only 意为“仅仅；只”，nearly 意为“几乎；将近”，seldom 意为“很少；几乎不”，always 意为“总是；一直”。根据句意可知选D。题2(2013 年河北)We can hardly believe that you learn todance so _.A quickCusefulBquicklyDusefully点拨选B。quick为形容词，意为“快的，迅速的”；quickly为副词，意为“快地，迅速地”；useful为形容词，意为“有用的”；usefully为副词，意为“有用地”。根据句意“我们很难相信你学习跳舞如此地快。”可知选B。用法例句用作状语He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。用作表语。主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词Ill be back in five minutes. 我五分钟后就回来。用作定语。在通常情况下，副词用作定语总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后The people there were veryfriendly.那儿的人很友好。副词的用法及其在句中的位置1副词的一般用法位置例句时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾。如果句中同时出现时间副词和地点副词，则地点副词一般位于时间副词之前Well fly there tomorrow. 我们明天乘飞机去那里。方式副词 hard, fast, quickly 等通常位于不及物动词之后，及物动词之前John studies very hard.约翰学习非常努力。频 度 副 词 如 often, usually,always 等通常位于行为动词之前，be 动词之后；有时为了强调，可以提到句首I usually come by bus.我通常坐公共汽车来。Lei Feng is always ready to helpothers.雷锋总是乐于帮助别人。2.副词的位置位置例句程 度 副 词 very, much, quite,rather, too, pretty 等一般放在所修饰的成分之前，但 enough 须放在所修饰成分之后It was a pretty serious accident.这是一次相当严重的事故。They know well enough what wemean.他们懂得我们的意思。表示情感、态度的副词，如luckily, unfortunately, however等，常修饰整个句子， 多位于句首，且常用逗号隔开Luckily, the police came rightaway.幸运的是，警察马上就来了。（续表）注意：(1)副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能直接放在动词前面来修饰动词。如：()Mr.Smith very works hard.()Mr.Smith works very hard.史密斯先生工作非常努力。(2)作副词时，enough 要放在所修饰的形容词、副词的后面；作形容词时，enough 放在名词前后均可。如：I ran fast enough so that I could take the No.2 bus. 我跑得足够快以便能乘到2 路公交车。There isnt enough meat for us to eat. 没有足够的肉给我们吃。(3)副词前一般不加介词。典题分析题1(2014 年滨州)Excuse me, could you speak a littlemore _？Sorry, I thought you could follow me.AsadlyCpolitelyBquicklyDslowly 点拨 选D 。句意： “ 打扰一下，你能不能说慢一点呢？”“抱歉，我以为你可以跟上我的语速。”根据句意可知，是说得太快了，要求说慢一点。故选D。题2(2012 年大理)Now more people are paying attentionto the school bus safety.So we believe _ there will be fewer accidents infuture.A.loudlyB.stronglyC.lovelyD.carefully 点拨 选B 。句意：“现在更多的人正在关注校车的安全。”“因此我们坚信在将来事故将会更少。”strongly 意为“强烈地”；loudly 意为“大声地”；lovely 意为“可爱的”；carefully 意为“仔细地”。根据句意选B。构成方法举例一般情况，在单音节词或少数双音节词的词尾直接加-er, -esttalltallertallest greatgreatergreatestsoonsoonersoonest fastfasterfastestclevercleverercleverest以不发音字母 e 结尾的，直接在词尾加-r, -stlargelargerlargest nicenicernicestlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，变 y 为i，再加-er, -esthappyhappierhappiestheavyheavierheaviesteasyeasiereasiest earlyearlierearliest形容词、副词的比较级和最高级一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成1规则变化构成方法举例以重读闭音节结尾，并且以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的单词，应先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattestwetwetterwettestthinthinnerthinnest大部分双音节词和多音节词，在原级前面加 more, most来构成比较级和最高级friendlymore friendlymost friendlyrelaxedmore relaxedmost relaxedimportantmore importantmostimportant以形容词加-ly 构成的副词，在原形前加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级carefullymore carefullymost carefullyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyeasilymore easilymost easilyclearlymore clearlymost clearly(续表)原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestill, bad, badlyworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther (距离上的更远)farthest (距离上的最远)further (程度上的更深远)furthest (程度上的最深远)oldolder (年龄)oldest (年龄)elder (长幼顺序)eldest (长幼顺序)2.不规则变化注意：(1)farther, further 均可表示距离上“更远”；但表示程度上“进一步”，用 further。如：Were too tired to go any farther/further.我们太累了而不能再走了。We must solve the problem further.我们必须进一步解决此问题。(2)elder/eldest 指家庭成员的长幼关系，作前置定语。older/oldest 表示年龄大小关系，可作定语也可作表语。如：My elder brother is going to get married.我哥哥要结婚了。He is the oldest teacher of us.他是我们中最年长的老师。当表示一方超过另一方时，要用“比较级than比较对象”He is taller than me.他比我高。“A动词(倍数)比较级than B”表示“A 比 B”或“A 比 B几倍”This bag is three times bigger thanthat one.这个袋子比那个大三倍。I got up earlier than my mother today.我今天比我妈妈早起床。“特殊疑问词动词比较级，A or B？”表示“A 和 B，哪个更”Which is more interesting, cycling orrunning？骑自行车和跑步，哪个更有趣？Who draws better, Jenny or Danny ？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1比较级的用法“比较级thanany other单数名词( 介词短语)”，表示“比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，可表示最高级的含义The Yangtze River is longer than anyother river in China.长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长。The YangtzeRiver is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。The pen writes more easily than anyother pen.这支钢笔比其他的都好写。The pen writes the most easily.这支钢笔最好写。“ 比 较 级 and 比 较 级 ” 或“more and more原级”，表示“越来越”The weather gets warmer and warmerin spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our city is becoming more and morebeautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。（续表）“the比较级，the比较级”，表示“越越”The more careful you are, the fewermistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。The more you learn, the more youllknow.学得越多，你知道得就越多。“否定词比较级”，意为“最不过”I cant agree more.我非常同意。She has never had a better dinner.这是她吃过的最好的一顿饭。“the 比较级of the two( 可数名词复数)”表示 “两者中较的那一个”Paul is the fatter of the two children inhis family.保罗是他家两个孩子中较胖的那个。（续表）“the最高级in/of 短语”，表示“中最的”Tom is the tallest in his class. 汤姆是他们班上最高的。I jump farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。“特殊疑问词动词the 最高级，A, B or C？”用于三者以上的比较Which country is the largest, China,America or Canada ？中国、美国、加拿大，哪个国家最大？Which season do you like best,spring, summer or autumn？春季、夏季和秋季，你最喜欢哪个季节？2.最高级的用法(三者或三者以上的比较)“be one of the形容词最高级复数可数名词(in/of 短语)”，表示“最之一”，最高级前还可以用物主代词或名词所有格来修饰Beijing is one of the biggest citiesin China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。“序数词最高级”表示“最的”Hainan Island is the secondlargest island in China. 海 南 岛是中国的第二大岛。（续表）注意：(1)有些程度副词，如quite, rather, very, so, too, enough,fairly 等，与形容词或副词连用时具有“比较”的含义，这时句中的形容词或副词不能再使用比较级。(2)much, a little, still, even, a bit, a lot, far 可修饰形容词或副词的比较级。(3)若形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词the。(4)副词最高级前的the 可以省略。典题分析题1(2014年重庆B卷)Come here at Christmas! You canbuy _ clothes in a year.A.the cheapestCthe worstBcheaperDworse点拨选A。根据 in a year 可知应用最高级，购买东西当然是最便宜或最好的，不可能最差的。题2(2013年株洲)Who runs _， Lily or Michelle?AslowBslowerCslowest点拨选B。两者之间进行比较用比较级，slow 的比较级为 slower。题3(2012年天津)Who listens _ ， Tom, Jack orBill?A.the most carefullyC.the most carefulBmore carefullyDmore careful点拨选A。三者之间进行比较用最高级，动词listen 需用副词carefully 来修饰，故选A。interesting表示事物本身是“有趣的，令人感兴趣的”。作表语时，多用于“sth.be interesting”句型，主语通常是物；作定语时，既可修饰人，也可修饰物I think the book is veryinteresting.我认为这本书非常有趣。interested常表示某人对某物“感兴趣”，多用于“be interested in(doing) sth.”句型；主语通常是人The film is very interestingand the students areinterested in it. 这部电影非常有趣，学生们对它很感兴趣。1.interesting 与 interested常见类似的-ing 形容词和-ed 形容词还有：moving 令人感动的surprising 令人惊讶的exciting 令人兴奋的pleasing 令人愉快的frightening 令人恐惧的moved 受感动的surprised 感到惊讶的excited 感到兴奋的pleased 感到愉快、满意的frightened 感到恐惧的即景活用(1)I have an _ book.(2)He is _ in the book.interesting interested sick指“生病”时，既可作定语，也可作表语The sick boy is her brother.这个生病的男孩是她弟弟。ill指“生病”时，只可作表语，一般不作定语My friend has been ill for twoweeks.我的朋友已经生病两周了。2.ill 与sick注意：(1)ill 作定语时，意为“坏的； 邪恶的”。如：He suffered no ill effects from the experience. 这次经历没有使他受到不良影响。(2)sick 作表语时，还可表示“恶心；呕吐”； 而ill 无此用法。(3)表示“病人”应用the sick，而不能用the ill。即景活用(1)The _man is his father.(2)She has been _ for three weeks.sick ill alone强调独自一人，常用作表语；作定语时置于名词后。另外，alone 也可以用作副词，意思是“单独地，孤单地”lonely作表语时，表示“寂寞，孤独”，含有强烈的感情色彩；作定语时含有“荒凉的”之意，lonely 一般不作副词用3.alone 与lonely即景活用(1)He lives_， but he doesnt feel_.(2)The man lived in a _island.alone lonely lonely already表示某事已经发生，主要用于肯定句句中，常与完成时连用yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句句末，常与完成时连用，一般位于句尾still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句句中，有时也可用于否定句4already, yet, still即景活用(1)Weve _ watched that film.(2)I havent finished my homework _.(3)He _ works until late every night.already yet still also副词，意为“也，同样，此外”，多用于书面语，放在肯定句和疑问句句中，常位于实义动词之前或 be 动词之后I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。too副词，意为“也，还”，多用于口语，用于肯定句中，位于句尾I hope you will come, too. 我希望你也来。as well副词，意为“同样，也”，多用于口语，位于句尾He speaks English andSpanish as well. 他 既 说 西 班牙语，也说英语。either副词，意为“也”，用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末He wont go, and I wont go,either.他不去， 我也不去。5.also, too, as well, either即景活用(1)I went there last night.He went there, _.(2)He hasnt finished it, _.(3)She is young and beautiful, and _ rich.too either also how often表示“多少时间一次或每隔多久”，对动作发生的频率进行提问，回答一般用频度副词或短语How often do you go hikingwith your brother ？你和你哥哥多久去远足一次？Every month.每个月都去。how long表示“时间多久或物体多长”，对一段时间或物体的长度进行提问。表示时间时，侧重指“一段时间”，回答一般是时间段，如“for three days”等How long will the cruisetake？海上航游需要多久？Three hours.三个小时。6 how often, how long, how soon, how far, how many/much, how oldhow soon表示“多久之后”， 对将来的一段时间进行提问，一般用于将来时态中，回答要用“in一段时间”How soon will Avatar II beon show？阿凡达 2什么时候上映？In two years.两年内。how far表示“多远”， 用于对距离进行提问How far is the newsupermarket away from here?新超市离这儿有多远？howmany意为“多少”，用于对数量进行提问，后跟可数名词复数How many books do youhave? 你有多少本书？（续表）how much意为“多少”，对数量进行提问，后跟不可数名词；howmuch 还可用于对价格进行提问How much is this shirt ？这件衬衫多少钱？Fifty yuan.50 元。how old意为“多大”，用于对年龄进行提问How old are you? 你 多 大了？（续表）即景活用(1)_ is it from here to your school?About 20 minutes walk.(2)_ do you take a walk?Seldom.How far How often (3)_ will your mother come back?In an hour.(4)_ students are there in your class?Forty.(5)_ do you do your homework everyday?About two hours.(6)_ is your little sister?She is only five.(7)_ is this red coat?Its 50 dollars.How soon How many How long How oldHow much 7quite 与 veryquite 和 very 都可表示程度，意为“很，十分”，用来修饰形容词和副词，但 very 的语气更强。当与冠词连用时，quite a形容词名词a very形容词名词。即景活用(1)She is _ a lovely girl.(2)It was a _ cold morning.(3)He is _ tall, but not _ tall.quite very quite very too much意为“太多”，用作形容词词组，修饰不可数名词I drank too much beer last night.昨晚我喝了太多的啤酒。much too意为“太，非常”，用作副词词组，修饰形容词或副词，不可修饰动词Its much too hot today. 今天太热了。too many意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数There are too many cars in thestreet.街上有太多的汽车。8much too, too much, too many即景活用(1)The skirt is _ dear.(2)Please dont eat _ ice cream.Its bad foryour health.(3)There are_ people in the supermarket.much too too much too many 9so 与 such二者都有“如此，这样”的意思。(1)such 是形容词，用来修饰名词(包括可数名词和不可数名词)；so 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。二者的区别类似于感叹句中的 what 和 how。(2)so 修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so形容词a/an可数名词单数”；such 可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“sucha/an形容词可数名词单数”或“such形容词可数名词复数/不可数名词”。如：such a pretty girlso pretty a girl 多么漂亮的一个女孩(3)当名词前的形容词表示数量(many, much, few, little)时，只能用 so，不用 such。如：I havent seen so much money in my life.我一生中从没见过这么多钱。(4) 二者都可以与 that 从句连用 。 即 ： such.that. 和so.that.，意为“如此以至于”。如：This is such a difficult problem that few students can work itout.This problem is so difficult that few students can work it out.这道题如此难，以至于几乎没有学生能做出来。即景活用(1)My brother runs _ fast that I cant follow him.(2)He is_ a boy.(3)He is _clever a boy.He is _a clever boy.(4)It is _ cold weather.(5)They are_ good students.so such so such such such
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