高中英语写作能力练习人教实验版

高中英语写作能力训练人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：高中英语写作能力训练教学目标：学习灵活运用较复杂的句子结构或较高级的词汇作文得高分高考英语考试说明“要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文”。 以前英语作文评分依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定，但近几年要求“使用较多语法结构和 词汇”，因此要想得高分，除了要点和语言准确度以外，还必须在较复杂的句子结构或较高 级的词汇上有所表现。句式单一，缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分，相反 “有些错误，但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”，给分档次仍在最高档。(-)以下四种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法，也是得高分的“亮点”。1 .改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个 状语。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词做状语等。原文 We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.修正Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.原 文 The young man couldnt help crying when he heaid the bad news.修正Hearing the bad news, die young man couldnt help crying.2 .在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句式，要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合 句、分词状语等。强调句原文My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It had saved my little sister bravely.修正My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister bravely.由what等引导的从句，此处的what相当于中文的“所”，有很大的概括力，如:原文We had to stand there to catch the offender.修正 What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.What China has achieved in recent years is known through the world.China is no longer what it used to be.由with或without引导的短语。如：He sat in a chair with a newspaper in the hand.分词短语。如：Satisfied with the result, he decided to go on with a new experiment.倒装句。如：Only in this way can we achieve our goal.Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.省略句。如：If so, victory will be ours.You can make some changes wherever necessary.对比，这是中文中也常用的方法。如：Failure is not a crime, but failure to learn from failure is.When I play, I feel excited, and after it I feel relaxed.3 .通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力:原文He stopped us half an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.修正He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.原文We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.修正After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.4 .学会使用过渡词。如：(1)表示添力口信息：and, also, too. furthermore, besides, moreover, in addition, what is more.：(2)表示因果关系:because, for, for this reason, because of, since, as a result, thus, therefore, so, consequently, of course, accordmgly.：(3)表示文章意义的转折或对比：although, however, on the contrary, still, but, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, tliough, in fact on the other hand, as a matter of fact.：(4)表示文章中事件发生的时空顺序：first, second, third, after that, meanwhile, then, before, next, formerly, later, filially, in the end. at last.：(5)表示列举：firstly, secondly, for one thing fbr anotlier, first of all, to begm with, tlieii. last.；(6)表示举例、解释:fbr example, for instance, that is, namely, to illustrate.：(7)表示总结:in short, to sum up. in conclusion, briefly, on the whole, to conclude, to summarize.5 .注意使用不同长度的句子。(二)对于“较复杂的词汇”，可以从以下几个方而着手。1 .注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。如：原文A new railway is being built in my hometown.修正A new railway is under constniction in my hometown.2 .使用一些很有“洋味”的单词。如：Thank you for sharing the time with us.The way he views the world is very practical.3 .避免重复使用某一单词或短语。如：原文I like reading while my brother likes watching television.修正I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.(三)学会改造低级的句型，为作文增分1 .强调句：可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型状语从句转变为强调时间的强 调句。It was not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag on the shop counter.2 .倒装句：只要句中有介词短语或状语从句，便可将其提前，变成倒装句。Only when I turned right at the crossing did that car crack towards me.Only by this means can he escape from the big fire.3 . with引导的伴随结构：可以将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成with结构。With the sun lighting brightly and the birds singing clearly, I went to school in high spirits.4 .巧妙地使用非谓i吾动词：可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。Hearmg that, the drivers wife quickly added tliat her husband often talked nonsense after drinking. （/R级形式：When he heard that,.）5 .恰到好处的被动句：适合应用于较简短的句子，这样显得语言简洁生动，宾语一般是 nothing、anything everything 等不定代词。I searched all my pockets, but nothing was found.6 .感叹句：通常用于开头结尾活跃文章气氛，凡是“Ifeel”之类表达感情的句子皆可 如此改造。How terrible I felt today! I failed again in the math exam.7 .高级定语从句：若定语从句中的动词带有介词，只需将介词移至先行词后。We came to a place to which they had never paid a visit before.8 .进行时态：有时会含有一定情绪，尤其要使用always这样的富含感情色彩的副词。9 .婉转表达：需要使用幽默的技巧，主要用于漫画型作文题。I could find nothing but bad luck when I returned the shop after learning that my handbag had been left on the counter.10 . what引导的名词性从句：将动宾结构转化为此结构。What he gave me, which I knew, were not only a Christmas present but also a heart full of love and a mind of my existence in it.11 . “数词+名词”变为“asmanyas+数词+名词”As many as ten years ago, my hometown used to be covered by forests.12 .适当加一些无关痛痒的插入语：一些连词、副词可以放到句子中间充当语气较弱的插 入语，如 I guess、howeverx in a way certainly in my opinionprobably, briefly 等， 有时 可以考虑几个插入语连用，就更像英美人士的文章了。13 .独立主格：将主从句连词去掉，前句动词变为分词即可。The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.书而表达练;J:在世界环保日到来前夕，联合国教科文组织就如何处理垃圾问题向全世界中学生征文。 请你以Saving Our City为题，写一篇110词左右的短文。文章的第一句已给出，但不计入总 词数。提示：（不要逐条译成英文，请注意文章结构和行文流畅）1 .城市垃圾的危害：污染环境：有害健康。2 .处理垃圾的措施有：垃圾分类：报纸、玻腐的再利用：有害垃圾的处理： 废水处理；制定法律。Saving Our CityIt is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities.One possible version （范文）：Saving Our CityIt is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities. Rubbish must be treated properly, otherwise it may cause problems. It may pollute the air and water. If people breathe the polluted air or drink the polluted water they may get ill.Our city has begun to pay attention to the problem. For example, rubbish is sorted. Some rubbish, such as newspapers and glass, is recycled. Tlic rest, which is believed to be harmful, is sent to a certain place and buried. Laws have been passed to protect the environment, so waste water should be and is treated before it is poured into rivers.Weve been trying, but there is still a long way to go. We should do our best to fight against pollution.