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B3U5 Section A 课后练习答案1Pre-reading activities P122 There are many things to consider when people are choosing a career. But for me, the following three factors affect my choice most. First, the job must be compatible with my personality. I believe that certain occupations are more suitable for particular personality types than others. If the job really fits my personality, I will be more likely to be successful and will enjoy going to work. Second, how much the job pays. It is understandable that if I want to live an adequate life, I need to make enoug money to support that standard of living. Finally, the location of the workplace is also an important factor in choosing a career for me. I dont like a job that is located far away from my home, because it requires extra commute time and will surely reduce the quality time I could otherwise have spent with the family.2 1. How can a person be truly happy? To be truly happy ,one must feel free to do what he likes, knowing that what he does is important to other people. He enjoys his job and his work is greatly valued by society. 2. How is labor different from play? When people are doing a job they have no interest in,the job only means purely means tedious labor, which has negative effects on them.People dont like labor, but they have to accept it bacause of societal expectations and the need to support their family. By contrast , people are interested in play,and when they play they enjoy what they are doing. However, play is only a personal matter. So, society does not care how people play.3 3. Why does the author make a comparison between a gardener and a well-dressed city mayor? The author wants to show that the difference between workers and labores does not lie in the nature of the job itself, be it mental or manual, of low or high esteem, but in whether a person has interest in his job. 4. What does leisure mean to workers and laborers respectively? To workers, leisure means simply the hours they need to relax and rest in order to work efficiently: to laborers, leisure means freedom from compulsion. 4 5. How do workers and laborers differ in the amount of personal satisfaction they derive from their jobs? Workers will be happier, less stressed, and generally more satisfied with their lives and proud of their jobs. On the other hand, laborers feel that the time they spend on the daily grind is wasted and doesnt contribute to their happin laborers perceive only the time spent in leisur and play as meaningful 5 6. How do technological innovation and the division of labor change the nature of work? The improvements in technology and the division of labor have greatly changed the nature of work. People do not need special strength or skill any more in many fields. Many paid job with enjoyable work have become boring labor routine. At the same time, because machines can automatically do the work for people, productivity has increased and the number of necessary laboring hours has accordingly decreased. 6 7. What kind of attitude should people take toward leisure time? People should take a positive attitude toward leisure time. They should use their leisure time to improve their minds and their working conditions to create a happier, more contented life by means of lifelong learning, such as continuing education and experiential learning. 8. What does the author mean by using the expression sinking ones teeth into a problem ? With this phrase, the author emphasizes that even purely mental work can arouse pcoples passions and give them satisfaction. 7 New technology clearly enables us to work faster and more efficiently, and it facilitates flexible and remote working (fitting in with childcare or avoiding a distasteful commute), but it can also mean that we cannot ever really get away from our jobs and tune out. Technology may make us more responsive, more capable of gaining access to information over a broader spectrum. Technology is basically a slave to the information we give it. But it makes that information much more funtional and dynamic.1 How does technology change peoples work and life?to be continuedCritical Thinking on P1298 With new technology, we are working harder and are more enslaved to our work than before. We are walking around with laptops or with portable phones. Were becoming slaves to high technology. Theres no escape.1 How does technology change peoples work and life?Critical Thinking on P1299 Start with a positive and right attitude, for the right attitude toward work makes it much easier to accept and do it. Put interest into work. Once you have the enthusiasm, it becomes easy to start things.2 How can a person foster love for his work?to be continuedCritical Thinking on P12910 Create favorable surroundings when doing the work. Always reflect on what you have achieved, which will give you a sense of pride and fulfillment.2 How can a person foster love for his work?Critical Thinking on P12911 I will be a worker, for a worker is someone who has an interest in and a strong love for his work, who is more dedicated to and more satisfied with his work than a laborer would be.3 Will you be a worker or a laborer? Why? Critical Thinking on P12912 I think its possible that I will choose to be a laborer someday. Its never the case that we do anything completely in accordance with our own interest. We have to meet the expectations of the ones we love and we have to be the breadwinner for our family. Anyway, we shouldnt ignore the needs and opinions of our family members when we are planning our careers.3 Will you be a worker or a laborer? Why? Critical Thinking on P12913Words in use on P129 1 gauged 2 dedicate 3 commonplace 4 suffice 5 revenue 6 simultaneous 7 incentive 8 prone 9 innovation 10 fostered14Word building on P131 Words learned new words formed -ism real realism imperial imperialism commercial commercialism human humanism terror terrorism15Word building on P131 Words learned new words formed -ment recruit recruitment resent resentment enroll enrollment refresh refreshment ship shipment enforce enforcement16Word building on P131 1 refreshment 2 shipment 3 enforcement 4 commercialism 5 realism 6 recruitment 7 enrollment (s) 8 imperialism 9 resentment 10 terrorism 11 humanism17Banked cloze 1-5:O F L C K 6-10: H I N E M18Expressions In use on P132 1 correlate with 2 refrain from 3 count down 4 slaving away 5 coincided with 6 contended with 7 be designed as 8 conformed to19Structured Writing on P135 To continue to study or to go to work upon graduation may be one of the most troublesome decisions a young undergraduate has to face. Indeed, how you choose between the two options will have profound impacts on your future life and career.20 Firstly, your choice now will have an impact on your planning for the future. Whe en you decide to pursue further study, you will have to invest more time and energy in your academic performance and pay more attention to your research projects, Devoting to study will pave the e way for you to become an expert in a domain in the future. But if you choose to work, you should focus on developing your professional skills to prepare yourself for getting better employment opportunities or starting your own business.Structured Writing on P13521 Secondly, your choice will als so have an Impact on your economic conditions Whe en you are determined to continue your study, you have to pay tuition for your academic pursuit. It might be a heavy burden for students, particularly those from poverty-stricken families. By contrast, if you go to work upon graduation, you will have your own salary and d be financially independent. You can eve provide support for your family. Structured Writing on P13522 Finally, your choice will, of course, have a great impact on your future job opportunities. Further study will equip you with more knowledge and a higher degree may guarantee you a better job.However, it is also possible that you have fewer opportunities in several years because of the saturation of the job market. Going to work upon graduation enables you to have a lot of work experience, ma king you more competitive in the job market. But the possible drawback is that you may be turned down by some companies because many attractive jobs and promotions call for special qualifications usually regarding the employees academic degree Structured Writing on P13523 To sum up, you can hardly tell what results your hoice will ultimately yield. You should be clear about all the possible impacts of your choice before you make the final decision. Structured Writing on P13524英译中 The English ceremony of afternoon tea dates back to the 1840s. 英式下午茶的仪式可以迫溯到19世纪40年代。 The tradition evolved out of the rituals and routines that surrounded tea drinking in Britain before that time. 该传统是由之前英国的茶饮仪式和 习惯发展而来的。 Tea was first introduced to England in the late 1650s, but for a long time, it was only consumed by the royal family and the aristocracy due to its high cost. 茶最初在17世纪50年代晚期被引入英国，但由于价格昂贵，所以很长一段时间里，只有皇家和贵族才能享用。25 The habit of having afternoon tea did not become established until almost 200 years later. 直到将近200多年之后，英国人才养成吃下午茶的习惯。 In those days, the British ate only two daily meals: a large breakfast late in the morning and a late dinner around 8 oclock in the evening. 在当时，英国人一日两餐: 快接近中午时分的丰盛早餐和晚上八点左右的晚餐。26英译中 Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford, can be credited for creating the tradition of afternoon tea to soothe hunger pangs before supper. 据说第七代贝德福德公爵夫人安娜开创了下午茶的传统，以此来缓解晚餐前的饥饿感。 She invited friends to join her for an additional afternoon meal at four to five oclock. 她邀请朋友和她一起在下午四五点钟吃下午茶。 The menu included tea and snacks such as dainty cakes and sandwiches. 下午茶中包括茶和一些点心，比如精致的蛋糕及三明治。27 Fine porcelain(瓷器)was used to serve this minor feast. Afternoon tea soon became popular, and is now a symbol of the elegant British way of life. 这些小巧的美食用精美的瓷器盛装。下午茶很快就流行开来，现在已经成为优雅英国生活方式的一个象征。 As novelist Henry James wrote, There are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea. 正如小说家亨利詹姆斯写道的那样:“人生鲜有比全心全意享用下午茶这一仪式更惬意的时刻了。”28 中国是茶的故乡，也是茶文化的发源地。 China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. 自古以来，茶就被誉为中华民族 的“国饮”。 Since ancient times, tea has been known as the national drink of China.29 无论是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋书画诗酒茶”，还是平民百姓生活中的“柴米油盐酱醋茶”，茶都是必备品。 In both the Chinese scholars even daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common peoples seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea. Tea is listed as one of the necessities. 同时，中国又是文明古国，礼仪之邦。 Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. 30 凡是来了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪必不可少。 The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. 随着中外文化交流和商业贸易的发展，中国茶及茶文化传向了全世界。 With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and teacultural spread to the world. 31 现在五大洲有不少国家种茶，也有很多国家从中国进口茶。 Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China. 中国茶和中国的丝绸及瓷器一样，已经成为中国在全世界的代名词。 Chinese tea like Chinese silk and Chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.3233个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论
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