物流英语阅读理解十篇

(一)Aftercompletingacommercialtransaction,logisticswillexecutethetransferofgoodsfromthesupplier(seller)tothecustomer(buyer)inthemostcost-effectivemanner.Thisisthedefinitionoflogistics.Duringthetransferprocess,hardwaresuchaslogisticsfacilitiesandequipment(logisticscarriers)areneeded,aswellasinformationcontrolandstandardization.Inaddition,supportsfromthegovernmentandlogisticsassociationshouldbeinplace.Threemajorfunctionsoflogistics1. Creatingtimevalue:samegoodscanbevalueddifferentlyatdifferenttimes.Goodsoftenstopduringthetransferprocess,whichisprofessionallycalledthestorageoflogistics.Itcreatesthetimevalueforgoods.2. Creatinglocationvalue:samegoodscanbevalueddifferentlyatdifferentlocations.Thevalueaddedduringthetransferprocessisthelocationvalueoflogistics.3. DistributionprocessingValue:sometimelogisticscreatedistributionprocessingvalue,whichchangesthelength,thicknessandpackagesofthegoods.Likepopularsaying,“cuttingintosmallerparts“isthemostcommoseendistributionprocessingform.Mostprocessingwithinlogisticscreateaddedvalueforgoods.1. Whatisthemeaning“cost-effective”(B)A. CostreducedB. EconomicallyC. CostevaluateD. Toaddcost2. (D)createstimevalueA. TransportationB. GoodflowC. DifferentlocationD. Storage3. Whatisthesamemeaningoflocationvalue(B)A. DifferentvalueB. DifferentvalueofsamegoodsatthedifferentplacesC. DifferentgoodD. Differentvalueofdifferentgoodsatthesameplace4. Whatisthedistributionprocessingvalue(D)A. DistributionB. ProcessingC. SalesandprocessingD. Changingthelength,thicknessandthepackageofthegoods5. Thedistributionprocessvalueisavailableinalllogisticsactivities.Isitcorrectornot(C)A.BothB. YesC. NotD. Notclear(二)Anincreasingnumberofcompaniesareinvolvingininternationalmarketsthroughexporting,licensing,jointventures,andownership.Thistrendshouldcontinue.Withsuchexpansionthereisaneedtodevelopworldwidelogisticsnetworks.Integratedlogisticsmanagementandcostanalysiswillbemorecomplexanddifficulttomanage.Therearesomefuturetrendsininternationalization:1. Morelogisticsexecutiveswithinternationalresponsibilities.2. Expansionofthenumberandsizeofforeigntradezones.3. Reductionintheamountofinternationalpaperworkanddocumentation.4. Moreforeignwarehousingisownedandcontrolledbytheexportingfirm.5. Increasingnumberofsmallerfirms.6. Foreignownershipoflogisticsservicefirms,.,publicwarehousingandtransportationcarriers.7. Increasingmultipledistributionchannels.Theinternationaltransportandtheinternationallogisticsaresamethingsinsomeway.So,whentheinternationaltradinginvolved,thefirmmustestablishinternationallogisticssystemstoprovidetheproductsandservicesdemanded.Themostsignificantdevelopmentininternationallogisticswillbetheincreasingsophisticationinformationsystemadoptedandindependentdepartmentstooperate.1. Whatisthesubjectoftheparagraph(C)A. TheinternationaltradeB. TheinternationaltransportC. TheinternationallogisticsD. Internationaleconomy2. Whatisthesamemeaningo“fInternationalization”(B)A. NationalizationB. GlobalizationC. IntegrationD. Standardization3. Whatisthemeaningoftrend(A)A. GeneraldirectionB. DevelopingroadC. WayD. Path4. Theinternationaltransportandtheinternationallogisticsaresame.Isitcorrectornot(D)A. NotmentionintheparagraphB. NotclearC. WrongD. Right5. Theinternationaltradeneedsthe(B)tofulfillitstransaction.A. TrucksB. LogisticsC. ShipsD. Aircrafts(三)Thecharactersofmodernlogisticsarehugequantity,quickresponseandglobalization.Inordertomeettheneeds,informationtechnologyhasbecomethebraintocontrolthem.Barcode,POS,EDI,GPSandinternetarethemainchoicesfortheoperationoflogistics.Barcodesystemcangetthegoodsinformationfastandexactly.Bythedataprocessingunit,POSsystemcanchecktheinventoryofwarehouseatanytime.WhenthesupercenteradoptsPOSsystem,itcancheckthesalesrecord,inventoryevencashfloweasily.EDIisamagictoolthatcantranslateyourdocumentsintoelectronicdata,sentittoyourpartnerinanylocationbycable.Inthisway,wedontneedtomakedealface-to-face.revisethedocuments,declaretocustomsbeforetheshipmentsarrived,andmore.Now,EDIisthemostessentialinformationtoolforinternationaltradeandlogistics.Allofinformationtoolsarebasedoninternet.Intodayssociety,theorgansofcommercialandgovernment,schools,evenindividualcanmakeE-commercewithinternet.So,Internetisthegreatestrevolutiontoinfluencethemankind.1. Informationtechnologycanhelptheoperationofthelogistics,butcantchangeitsfuture.Isitcorrectornot(B)A. CorrectB. WrongC. InlimitedwayD. Theroleisnotdecided2. EDIisthecoreofinformationtechnologyusedininternationaltradeandtransportation.Isitafact(A)A. CorrectB. WrongC. NotmentionedD. Notclear3. Whatisthemeaningof“magictool”intheparagraph(D)A.VisibleB. InvisibleC. NetD. Youcantimageit.4. Whatismostimportantinformationtechnologyinthelogistics(C)A.BarCodeB. POSC. EDID. GPS5. WhyistheInternetagreatrevolution(D)A. ThenewestscientificandtechnologyinventionB. ThemostadvancedtechnologyC. ThevaluabletoolD. Helpingthemankindgreatly(四)Ifashipperhasastrictarrivalanddeparturerequirements,railroadsareatacompetitivedisadvantagecomparedtomotorcarriers.Someofthisdisadvantagemaybeovercomethroughcombinedtransport,whichofferstheeconomyofrailmovementlinkedwiththeflexibilityoftrucking.Trucktrailersaredeliveredtotherailterminals,wheretheyareloadedonflatbedrailcars.Atthedestinationterminaltheyareoff-loadedanddeliveredtotheconsignee-thecustomerwhoreceiverstheshipment.Anadditionalareainwhichrailroadssufferincomparisontomotorcarriersisequipmentavailability.Railroadlinesuseeachotherscars,andattimesthisequipmentmaynotbelocatedwhereitismostneeded.Railcarsmaybeunavailablebecausetheyarebeingloaded,unloaded,movedwithinrailroadsortingyards,orundergoingrepair.Othercarsmaybestandingidleorlostwithinthevastrailnetwork.Anumberofdevelopmentsintherailindustryhavehelpedtoovercomesomeoftheseutilizationproblems.Advanceshaveincluded:computerroutingandscheduling;theupgradingofequipment,roadbeds,andterminals;improvementsinrailcaridentificationsystems;andtheuseofunittrains,carsownedorleasedbytheshipper;anddedicatedthrough-trainservicebetweenmajormetropolitanareas(nonstopshipmentsofoneorafewshippersproducts).Railroadsownapproximately80percentoftheircarfleet.Theremaining20percentareeitherleasedorownedbyshippers.1. Thedisadvantageofrailtransportcomparedwithmotorcarrieris(D)A. CostB. SpeedC. LostanddamageratiosD. Transittimeandfrequencyofservice2. Thedisadvantageabovementionedcanbeovercomeby(A)A. CombinedtransportB. MorefrequencyC. FasttrainD. Moreflexible3. Theadvantageofrailtransportis(A)A. GreatamountofshippedB. LessdamageratioC. Fastspeed、exactschedule、costsavedD. Directshippingline4. Railroadsownabout(B)oftheircarfleetA. HalfB. 80%C. 20%D. Notmentioned5. WhatisthemeaningofMetropolitanareas(D)A. AroundthecityB. CityitselfC. TheareanearthecityD. Bigcityanditsneighborarea(五)Inventorycanservetwobasicfunctions:1. Toprovideareserveforproductionandsales.2. Togetthepricediscountbypurchasingalargequantities.Inventorymayberawmaterialsforthefactoryorfinishedproductsforthewholesalerandretailer.Mostofinventoryisplacedinwarehouse.Usually,threewarehousesareavailable:1. Privatewarehouse.Aprivatewarehouseisownedandoperatedbyacompany.Itisconvenienttotheownerwhocanstoreandprocesseasily.Formostfactoriesandbigtraders,theyoftenhavelargeorsmallwarehouse,moreorlessspacetostoregoods.2. Publicwarehouse.PublicWarehouseisdevelopingfortheThirdPartLogisticsandoffersspecialservices,includingpackageandarrangementofdelivery.Publicwarehousehasadvantageofbetterserviceandlowercostthanprivateonebyitsspecializedequipmentandmarketingshare.3. Contractwarehouse.Thiskindofwarehouseisformedanddependedontherelationbetweenthesuppliersandcustomer.Whenbuyerpurchasesgoods,theydontoftenshipthematthesametimeandstoreatthesellerswarehouse.Warehouseequipmentconsistsoffolklifttruck,stacker,goodsshelfandconveyor,etc.1. Inventoryisthesameaswarehouse.Isittrueornot(B)A. SometimeyesB. NotC. NorelationbetweenthemD. Differentgoodsatdifferentplace2. Generallyspeaking,therearetwokindsofinventorywhichare(D)A. GoodsB. MaterialsC. MaterialsandproductsD. Rawmaterialsandfinishedproducts3. Publicwarehouseismostefficient.Whatisyouropinion(A)A. DependonthesituationB. YesC. NotD. Notcomparable4. Usually,contractwarehousedoesntneedtopay.Isitcorrectornot(C)A. YesB. NotC. Itdidntmentionit.D. Sometimeyes,sometimenot.5. Whatistheequipmentofwarehous(eD)A. ToolsB. Toolsforhandling,loadingandunloadingC. ForklifttruckD. Forklifttruckandgoodsshelf(六)Managersinthelasttwodecadeshavewitnessedaperiodofchangeunparalleledinthehistoryoftheworld,intermsofadvancesintechnology,globalizationofmarketsandstabilizationofpoliticaleconomies.Withtheincreasingnumberof“world-class”competitorsbothdomesticallyandabroad,organizationshavehadtoimprovetheirinternalprocessesrapidlyinordertostaycompetitive.Inthe1960sand1970s,companiesbegantodevelopdetailedmarketstrategies,whichfocusedoncreatingandcapturingcustomerloyalty.Organizationsalsorealizedthatstrongengineering,designandmanufacturingfunctionswerenecessaryinordertosupportthesemarketrequirements.Designengineershadtobeabletotranslatecustomerneedsintoproductandservicespecifications,whichthenhadtobeproducedatahighlevelofqualityandatareasonablecost.Asthedemandfornewproductsescalatedinthe1980s,manufacturingorganizationswererequiredtobecomeincreasinglyflexibleandresponsivetomodifyexistingproductsandprocessesortodevelopnewonesinordertomeetever-changingcustomerneeds.Asmanufacturingcapabilitiesimprovedinthe1990s,managersrealizedthatmaterialandserviceinputfromsuppliershadamajorimpactontheirorganizationsabilitytomeetcustomerneeds.Thisledtoanincreasedfocusonthesupplybaseandtheorganizatiosnsourcingstrategy.Managersalsorealizedthatproducingaqualityproductwasnotenough.Gettingtheproductstocustomerswhen,where,how,andinthequantitythattheywant,inacost-effectivemanner,constitutedanentirelynewtypeofchallenge.Morerecently,theeraofthe“LogisticsRenaissance”wasalsoborn,recreatingawholesetoftime-reducinginformationtechnologiesandlogisticsnetworkaimedatmeetingthesechallenges.Asaresultofthesechanges,organizationsnowfindthatitisnolongerenoughtomanagetheirorganizations.Theymustalsobeinvolvedinthemanagementoftomanagetheirorganizations.Theymustalsobeinvolvedinthemanagementofthenetworkofallupstreamfirmsthatprovideinputs(directlyorindirectly),aswellasthenetworkofdownstreamfirmsresponsiblefordeliveryandafter-marketserviceoftheproducttotheendcustomer.Fromthisrealizationemergedtheconceptofthe“supplychain”.见P781. Whendidthegreatchangestakefortheworldeconomy(B)A. 1970B. Last20yearsormoreC. LastcenturyD. Longtimeago2. Whatisthemeaningof“customerloyally”(A)A. ThemostimportantcustomersforanyfirmB. LoyaltocompanyC. ThecustomerstobuyalotD. Thelongtermcustomers3. Whatisthemeaningof“LogisticsRenaissance”(A)A. LogisticsbegananewperiodB. LogisticsisrebornC. LogisticshastakeneconomicfunctionsmuchmorebeforeD. Logisticsisdeveloping4. Whatisthemeaningof“Upstream”forsupplychain(B)A. CustomersB. SuppliersC. BuyersD. AandB5. Whatisthemeaningof“Downstream”forsupplychain(A)A. CustomersB. SuppliersC. SellersD. BandC6. (A)istheplacetostorethegoodsimportedorintransit,withoutpayingdutyundercustomssupervision.A. BonedwarehouseB. ExportedwarehouseC. ImportedwarehouseD. Customswarehouse(七)Allovertheworld,moreandmoreoceanfreightsarecarriedoutwithcontainers.Thistrendwillcontinuebecausecontainerizedshipmentofferssomanyadvantages.Amongthemare:1. Economy.Overalltransportationcostscanbereducedbythecontainershipment.Inthecaseofgeneralcargoof10,000tons,ittakes48hourstoloadandunload,butforthecontainershipof35,000tons,only6-8hourneededtoloadandunload.2. Safety.Thecargocanbehandledinanyweatherandisefficientlyprotectedfromtheftanddamage,becauseitiscompletelyenclosed.3. Largescale.Containershiphasbecomegiantfrom10,000tonsin1970to100,000tons,nowitcontinuestogrowbiggerandbigger.Therearetwokindsofcontainers,20and40,mostlyadopted.And20containeriscalledTEU,Twenty-footEquivalentUnit,andstandardcontainer.One40containerisequaltotwo20s.Containersareusedinocean,railwayandhighwaytransportation.Inrecentyears,manycontainerterminalshavebeenestablished.Thecontinentalbridgetransportisintroducedtoloadcontainersbytrains.Theroadtransportationfollowsthistendency,asthetractorspullthecontainerwiththespeedof100kmperhourinhighway.1. Whatiscontainershipment(A)A. ToloadgoodsincontainerB. Containerisonlychoicefortransportation.C. ContainerizedtransportationD. Containership,containertrainandcontainertrack2. Whatiscontainerizationshipment(B)A. ToloadgoodsincontainerB. Containerisonlychoicefortransportation.C. Containerizedtransportation.D. Containership,containertrainandcontainertrack3. Only20and40containerareavailable.Isitafact(A)A. CorrectB. WrongC. NotmentionedD. Idontknow4. 20containerisstandardcontainer.Isittrueornot(A)A. YesB. NotC. ItisoldconceptD. Itisnewkindofcontainer5. Containershipsneedthecontainerterminaltoloadandunloadgoods.Isitcorrectornot(C)A. CorrectB. WrongC. DependD. Notmentioned(八)Now,wediscusstherelationbetweentheinternationaltradeandlogistics.Asyouknow,tradinginvolvesseveralsteps:1. Makingdeal.Inthisstage,thebuyerandsellershouldnegotiatethepriceofthegoods,thewaytopay,finallysignthecontract.2. Payment.Itisacorestepinthetrading.Generalspeaking,buyerscannotpaytosellersdirectly.TheyusuallyasktheirbanktowritetheLetterofCredit(L/C)tothesellers.L/Cisthepromisetopayfromthebuyer,transferredtosellersbandconditionalarticles.3. Transportation.AfterreceivingqualifiedL/C,thesellerbeginstodeliverthegoods.Thentransportationtakesthemainplaceofthetrading.So,internationaltransportationissimilarwordtointernationallogistics.Logisticscanmovethecommoditiesformonecountrytoanotherwithships,trucksandair.LogisticsmayfixthecostoftransportationtothetradingpartnerswiththetermsofFOBandCIF.FOBmeansthedealpricewithoutinsuranceandfreight.CIFcontainscostofgoods,insuranceandfreight.Transportationasthemainfunctionofthelogisticshastheverycloserelationshipwithforeigntrade.4. CustomsclearanceandInspection.Inthefinalstep,logisticshelpscustomersandcustomsintwoways:ononehand,arrangementofgoodstobecleared.ontheotherhand,handinginthedocumentstobeexamined.1. Thereisnotcloserelationshipbetweeninternationaltradeandlogistics.Isitcorrect(B)A. CorrectB. WrongC. Thisisnotmaintopicinthepage.D. Idontknow2. Whatiscontract(C)A. PaperB. ArrangementC. ArrangementbybothsidesofdealD. Memo3. L/Cisaletterfrombuyertoseller.Isittrueornot(A)A. TrueB. YesC. CorrectD. Wrong4. Whatdoescustomsdo(A)A. InspectinggoodsandcollectingdutyB. GovernmentorganC. CollectingtaxD. Inspectingcommodities5. Doestheauthortalkaboutthetransportationequipment(B)A. YesB. NOC. OnlyalittleD. Droppingahint(九)TransportationistheNo.1functioninthelogistics.Incertainway,transportequallogistics.Therearefivetransportationmodes:rail,highway,water,pipelineandair.Therelativeimportanceofeachmodecanbemeasuredinthetermsofmileage,loadvolumeandincome.1. Railnetwork.Railnetworkcanbeusedtotransportlargetonnagegoodsoverlongdistance.Railcompanieshavetheadvantageoflowoperationcost,likeelectricityandfuel,butthedisadvantageofexpensiveinvestment.2. MotorCarriers.Highwaytransporthasdevelopedrapidlysince1970.Theoperationofdoor-to-doorandflexibilityarethemainreasonswhymotorcarrierscannotbecomparedbyothermodes.3. WaterTransport.WaterTransportistheoldestwayoftransportation,butitistheonlyoptionfortheinternationaltrading.Oceanshipscansailverylongdistanceandextremelylargeshipmentswiththelowestcost.Recently,containershipmayload7,000containersabout150,000tons.4. Pipeline.Pipelinecansendgoodswithoutstopping,butrestrictedtooilandgas.In2003,Chinabegantobuildthreepipelinesforwatertransportationcalled“waterinSouthernmovedtoNorthern”.5. Air.Airfreightsisthenewestandsunriseindustry.Althoughitishighcostnow,andthedisasterof“”,foralongrun,airtransportwillincreaseitsproportionsteadily.1. Whyistransportationthemostimportantinthelogistics(D)A. Itcoststhelongesttime.B. ItneedsthemostinvestmentC. Itneedsthebiggestarea.D. Itsreturnedcostisthemost.2. Howmanymodesarethereinthetransport(C)A. 3B. 4C. 5D. Morethan53. Whichmodeisthelowestcostintransportation(C)A. TrainB. TruckC. OceanshipD. Air4. Whatistheadvantageofmotortransportation(D)A. FastB. SavemoneyC. EasyD. Flexiblyandtheoperationof“door-to-door”5. Pipelinecanonlycarryoilandgas.(B).A. NotB. YesC. NoneD. Anything(十)Packagingistheendofproductionandthestartoflogistics.Butitismoreimportanttothelatterthantheformerbecausethepackageisabsolutelynecessarytotransportationandstorage.Withoutit,thelogisticscantwork.Oneofthebasicfunctionsofpackagingistoprotectthegoodsintheprocessoflogistics.Itiscalledindustrypackage.Thesecondfunctionistomakesaleseasy.Forexample,abeautifulboxoftheshoesattractsthecustomertobuy.Thisiscalledcommercialpackage.Packagingtechnologycanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:oneispackagematerials,theotherispackagingmethods.Thematerialsconsistofpaper,plastic,wood,metalandglass.Paperisthebiggestpercentageofthepackingmaterials.Itcanbeusedtomakeouterpackage,carton(paperbox)andcorrugatedbox.Paperischeap,easytoshapeandventilated.Plasticisnewfastdevelopedmaterials,whichislowcost,strong,goodresistanttowater,acidandsoon.Woodhasbecomethelessproportionbecauseofenvironmentalprotection.Itisusedtomakethewoodenbox.Metal,exactlyaluminumistomakecansfordrinks,likeCOCA-COLA,whichiseasytorecycle.Glassismainlyusedtofilltheliquid,likechemicalproductsandliquors.Packagingtechniqueistoadoptseveralpackingmethodsandcontainerstoprotectgoods.Forexample,protectionfromdamageandvibrationisthebasicpackagingmethod.Protectioncontainershavealot,suchasbag,box,can,bottleandbarrel.1. Packagingisnotapartoflogistics.Isittrueornot(A)A. NotB. YesC. NorelationD. Sometimeyes,sometimenot2. Themainfunctionofpackagingistoprotectgoods.Doyouagree(B)A.YesB. NotC. DifferentD. Same3. Therearetwocategoriesofpackaging.Isitafact(D)A.MoreB. OnlyoneC. NotD. Yes4. Packagingmaterialandtechniqueareequallyimportanttopackagingtechnology.Doyouagree(C)A. DifferentB. SameeffectC. YesD. No5. Packagingtechniqueisthepackageshape.Isitafact(A)A.YesB. NotC. IdontknowD. Nomentioninit