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精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2019年北京市中考英语考试逐题解析知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I cant wait to see .A. herB. him C. itD. them【正确答案】B【解题思路】本题考查人称代词的宾格。根据题干中“Mr. Wang”可知性别为男性。选 项A “她”；选项B“他”；选项C“它”；选项D “他们”。故正确答案案为选项B。2. We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.A. onB. to C. inD. of【正确答案】C【解题思路】本题考查方位介词。根据题干中“We planted flowers_garden”可 知花应该种在花园“里选项A“在.上”；选项B“到去选项C“在里”；选项D.的”。故正确答案为选项C。3. - Excuse me, is this T-shirt?-Its 88 yuan.A. how muchB. how manyC. how longD. how old【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题考查特殊疑问词。根据答句中“Its 88 yuan.”可知问句是在问价钱 选项A “多少钱”；选项B “多少”；选项C “多长”；选项D “多大（年龄）故正确答案为 选项A。4. - Lily, you finish the letter in ten minutes?-Yes, I can.A. must B. should C. need D. can【正确答案】D【解题思路】本题考查情态动词。根据答句中“Yes, I can?可知问句是在问是否“能 够”在10分钟内完成信件。选项A “必须”；选项B “应该” C “需要”；选项D “能 够”。故正确答案为选项D。5. This cap is nice, it doesnt look good on me.A. forB. so C. butD. or【正确答案】C【解题思路】本题考查连词。题干译为“这个帽子很好看， 它在我身上看起来 不太好。”选项A“对于，为了”选项B “所以”；选项C “但是”；选项D “或者”。故正确 答案为选项Co6. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is than her brother.A. patientB. more patientC. most patientD. the most patient【正确答案】B【解题思路】本题考查形容词比较级。根据题干中的“than her brother,康格选比较 级。此题目中选项A为形容词原级；选项B为形容词比较级；选项C”为形容词最高级, 但缺少定冠词“the”；选项D为形容词最高级。故正确答案为选项B。7. Sam with his friends every weekend.A. skatesB. js skatingC. has skatedD. was skating【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题考查时态。根据题干中的标志词every weekend0可知该题应选择 一般现在时态，再根据主语“Sam”可知动词应该用第三人称单数形式。选项A是一般 现在时态的动词第三人称单数形式；选项B是现在进行时态；选项C是现在完成时态; 选项D是过去进行时态。故正确答案为选项Ao8. Tom, whats your dad doing?-He my bike.A. repairsB. will repairC. has repaired4正确答案】DD. is repairing【解题思路】本题考查时态。根据题干中“whats your dad doing?”可知该题应选择现在进行时态。选项A是一般现在时态的动词第三人称单数形式；选项B是一般将来时 态；选项C是现在完成时态；选项D是现在进行时态。故正确答案为选项D。9. Our school life a lot since 2017. We have more activities now. A.changesB. changedC. will change【正确答案】DD. has changed【解题思路】本题考查时态。根据题干中的标志词Hsince2017；可知该题应选择现在完成时态。选项A为一般现在时态；选项B为一般过去时态；选项C为一源辑时态; 选项D为现在完成时态。故正确答案为选项D。10. If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.A. will bookB. bookedC. have bookedD. was booking【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题考查时态o根据题干中的标志词“tomorrow以及“if，引导的条件状语从句可知，句意应为“如果你想要参观故宫，明天我将给你订两张票”，可知该题应 选择一般将来时态。选项A为一般将来时态；选项B为一般过去时态；选项C为现在 完成时态；选项D为过去进寸态。故正确答案为选项A。11. My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.A. acceptsB. acceptedC. was acceptedD. is accepted【正确答案】C【解题思路】本题考查被动语态。该题主语是“My advice”译为“我的建议”，谓语动 词为“accept”译为“接受”。“建议”不能主动发出“接受”的动作，只能“被接受”，是 动宾关系，确定该题考查被动语态。被动语态基本结构为：主狰+done”，选项A 和选项B不是被动语态结构，均排除；选项C是一般过去时态的被动语态结构；选项 D是一般现在时态的被动语态结构。根据题干中的时间标志词“last Monday1可知该 题应该选择一般过去时态。故正确答案为选项C。12. - Did you notice in her office?-Yes. She was going over our writing.A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doingC. what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does【正确答案】B.【解题思路】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句需遵循“陈述语序”原则，因此排除选项A 和选项C。选项B为过去进行时态；选项D为一般现在时态。由题干中主句uDid you notice”，可知该题应选择一般过去时态，排除选项D。故正确答案为选项B。二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选择最佳选项。Run for Class PresidentTwo months ago, when our class election (选举)started, I decided to run for class president. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people, so I felt it easy to win. But I was (13) that people would feel bad for me if I lost.I was busy preparing in the following week. My plan wasnt to make promises to do things I couldnt (14) but to show my class why I wanted to be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to whenever they had a problem. Since I was (15) prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong.However, when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response (反应)wasnt what I had (16). Few people actually listened. When it was my opponents (对 手的)turn, everyone was screaming his name. His speech was short, but all to the point. By then, I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.It was obvious who would (17). For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.My (18) was right: I didnt win.The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended (假装) not to hear. But later, things got better. People (19) about the election and talked to me just as they did before.I dont regret putting time and energy into the election because Ive learned that things arent always going the way I expect. And moments of failure like this build (20) since then Ive learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.13. A. boredB. afraidC. excitedD. hopeful【正确答案】B【解题思路】本题考查形容词。本句译为“但是如果我输了，我会 人们会觉得 我很糟糕”。根据文章第一段倒数第二句“我对赢感到并不费力”可以推断出，如果输我 会感到负向情绪。选项A译为“感到无聊的”；选项B译为“害怕的”；选项C译为“感 到兴奋的”；选项D译为“有希望的”。根据文章语境答案为选项B。14. A. compare B. remember C. manage D. repeat【正确答案】C【解题思路】本题考查动词。本句译为我的计划不是做出我根本不能 的承 诺，而是向我的班级展示出为什么我想当这个班长”。选项A场为，推较”；选项B译为 “记得”；选项C译为“设法，掌控，控制，管理”；选项D译为“重复”。根据文章语境判 断。故正确答案为选项C。15. A. fully B. quickly C. freshly D. physically【正确答案】A 【解题思路】本题考查副词。本句译为因为我 准备好了我感到我赢的机会 很大”。选项A译为“完全地”；选项B译为快速地”；选项C译为新鲜地”；选项D 译为,“身体上地”。结合前文作者“张贴海报”“花费三个小时写演讲稿”，以及“赢的机 会很大”，可知作者“完全准备好了”。故正确答案为选项A。16. A. feared B. faced C. mentioned D. pictured【正确答案】D【解题思路本题考查动词。本句译为“然而，当我在选举日进行演讲时，（台下的）反 应并不是我所 %选项A译为“害怕”；选项B译为“面对”；选项C译为“提到”; 选项D译为“在脑中描绘，想象”。结合前文作者“觉得自己会赢得选举”，以友后文“几 乎没有人真地在听”，先后形成对比，可知“（台下的）反应并不是我所想象的那样”。故 正确答案为选项D。17. A. insistB. returnC. waitD. win【正确答案】D【解题思路】本题考查动词。本句译为“谁会 _是很明显的”。选项A译为坚 持”；选项B译为“归还，返回”；选项C译为“等待”；选项D译为“赢，胜利”。文章主 题为“班长选举”，此处作者在预测选举的结果，也是卮win”中动词win的 复现。故正确答案为选项D。18. A. suggestion B. prediction C. direction D. introduction【确答案】B【解题思路】本题考查名词。本句译为“我的 是正确的我没有赢”。选项A 译为“建议”；选项B译为预测”；选项C译为“方向”；选项D译为“介绍”。前文提到 “我感觉结束了，我只想回家哭泣”，可知此时作者已经知道自己选不上了。故正确答案 列选项Bo19. A. forgot B. wrote C. cared D. discussed【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题考查动词。本句译为“人们 这个选举，仍然像之前那样和我 聊天，选项A译为“忘记”；选项B译为“书写”；选项C译为“关心”；选项D译为“讨 论。前文提到作者假装没有听到大家的聊天，但是之后，事情变好了，噬案忘记了 选举。故正确答案为选项A。20. A. trust B. pride C. character D. support【正确答案l.G【解题思路】本题考查名词。本句译为“像这样的失败的时刻塑造了 一用为 我学会了面对失望，并且（让自己）变得更强大”。选项A译为“信任”；选顼它译为“自 豪”；选项C译为“品质性格，特征”；选项D译为“支持”。破折号后面的内容是对前 面的解释说明，同时根据文章语境判断。故正确答案为选项Co专心-专注-专业阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）AExperiencing ChinaMike, CanadaI spent three months with my host family （接待家庭）in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture.Joanna, AustraliaI stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her.Bill, AmericaMy host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.Cindy, GermanyRecently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.21. Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?A. Mike. B. Joanna. C. Bill. D. Cindy.【正确答案】 A【解题思路】本题属于细节题。根据题干中的关键信息“Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?*,定位至文章第一段第三行“I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital.”。故正确答案为选项 Ao22. How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?A. Three months.B. Four months.C. Five months.D. Six months.【正确答案】C【解题思路】本题属于细节题。根据题干中的关键信息HHow long did Joanna stay withher host 伯mily” 定位到第二段第一行,ul stayed with niy host family for five months% 故正确答案为选项C。23. Cindy thinks her host sister is .A. a wonderful cook B. a responsible doctorC. a warm-hearted teacher D. a hardworking student【正确答案】D【解题思路】本题属于细节题。根据题干中的关键信息“Cindy thinks her host sister； 可定位到文章第四段第二行“My host sister is a really hardworking student”。故正确 答案为选项D。BBlue LightningSally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.Well,” he said. How about this: you do some research first andthen come back to me with a design/*A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go- kart HBlue Lightning. Dad looked over her work, thinking. Well, thats interesting/ he said. Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as youve designed.nOver three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go- kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed. After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. MWell,w she said. HNow I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”“Oh, do you?* he said. Please share.When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback, she said. ul think its because of the lightning bolt （闪电）shape.Very good! Dad said.“So, why didnt you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.Dad laughed. Wheres the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, hell eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, hell eat for a lifetime/*Sally said, I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!Dad smiled. Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.Finally came the race. Sally wasnt worried about whether she would win in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to .A. practice drivingB. enter for a raceC. play with friendsD. do some research【正确答案】饵【解题患路】本题属于细节题。根据题干中的关键信息uSally thought of building a go- kart ”，定位至文章第一段第二句This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race”。故正确答案为选项Bo25. What did Sallys dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?A. To have a test drive.B. lb take a good rest.C. lb give it a cool name.D. To paint it light blue.【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题属于细节题。根据题干中的关键信扈*wdid Sallys dad ask after she built the go-kart,定位至文章第四段最后一句Dad asked her to take it for a test drive；可知在她完成go-kart之后，爸爸要求她去试驾。故正确答案为选项A。26. Sallys story mainly tells us that .A. winning a race is importantB. fishing brings us a lot of funC. driving experience is necessaryD. learning happens during the process【正确答案】D【解题思路】本题属于主旨题。根据最后一段比赛后的总结Sally wasnt worried whether she would win in her mind, she had already won, by building something betterthao-ever before；可知通过建造了前所未有的东西，Sally在心中认为自己已经 获胜，同时，在文章倒数第三段第一行爸爸的话中也有体现。故正确答案.为DCSometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesnt need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological （心理学的）processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when were12 exposed （接触）to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar （熟悉的）.We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand （增 力口）our experience of time.Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.7b a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. Its possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.1327. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .A. going to bed on time B. traveling to new placesC. having dinner as usual D. printing the same materials【正确答案】B【解题思路】本题属于细节题。根据题干内容定位型夹拿第密段最后一句“This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand our experience of time”，这会让我们对于时间的体验增加，其中this指代前面的“give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills；译为“接受新的挑战，遇见新的人，接触新的信息、，酵湘技能”，核心思想即: 接触不同的新事物，选项B译为“旅行到新的地方”。故正确答案为选项B。28. What can we learn from the passage?A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.C. We can take in more information by living through our senses.D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.【正确答案】C It- * 【解题思路】本题属于推断题。选项A译为“熟悉周围的世界帮助我彳项号割黑多的信 息定位到第三段四、五句“the world around us becomes more and more familiar.which means we process less information, 意思是“我们周围的世界变得越 来越熟悉，这就意味着我们可以处理更少的信息”，选项A和原文描述不一致，故排除； 选项B译为“理解心理学的时间让生活过得更快”定位到第一段最后一句“By understanding the psychological processes-we might be able to slow down time a little”，意思是“通过理解的心理过程，我们也许能够让时间慢一点”，选项B和原文 意思相反，故排除；选项C译为“在生活中我们可以通过感知获取更多信息”定位到第六段第二句“This means living through our senses.葺 和第五句 MThis. helps take in more information；选项C与原文一致，正确；选项D译为“我们应该在时间和自己之 间建立更强的关系”，与文章主旨不符，故排除。故正确答案为选项C。29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Slow Down TimeB. Only Time Will TellC. Race Against TimeD. Time Will Not Come Twice【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题属于主旨题。本篇首尾段都在讲关于“slow down time”的话题，且 第四段作为承上启下的过渡段，就如何“slow down time”搂出酣藻议。故正确答案 为选项A。.:；DHow Much Can We Afford to Forget?In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As N the Internet grows more powerful, students can access （获得） knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?Civilizations （文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural （农业的）Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases （偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.Another problem relates to the case of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being （健康）depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps theyre not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.30. Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?A. Because they go off course in testing and scoring.B. Because we control the training process on them.C. Because we offer them too much information.D. Because they overuse the provided answers.【正确答案】B【解题思路】本题属于细节题。根据题干中的关键-increase our biases；定位至 文章第三段。根据本段最后一句“In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers”。该句译为“在该过程当中，人类仍然决定正确答案”。本句与选项B 哦们控制这个训练过程”相符合。故正确答案为选项Bo31. The case of accessing information from the Internet .A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skillsB. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speedC. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledgeD. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines【正确答案】C【解题思路】本题属于细节题。根据题干中的关键信息“The case of accessing information：定位到文章第四段，通过本段最后一句“This can lead to the mistaken belief the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along1 o 该何睇为“这 会导致错误的观念一我们发现的知识是我们已知的一部分”。本句写魏项C “误导我 们认为我们早已了解了这些知识”相符合。故正确答案为选项C。32. The word collapse in Paragraph 5 probably means A. a sudden failureB. the basic ruleC. a disappointing startD. the gradual development【正确答案】A【解题思路】本题属于猜词题。根据题干中的关键信息Paragraph 5”定位到文章第五段第三句，根据该句动宾结构“产生糟糕的结果可知涟项为负向词汇；选项B译为 “基本的规则”，为中性词汇；选项D译为“逐渐的发展”，为正向词汇；故排除选项B和 De选项C译为“一个令人失望的开始”，文章未提及“开始”。选项A译为“一次突然 的失败”。故正确答案为选项A。33. What is the writers main purpose in writing this passage?A. To question about the standards of information storage.B. 7b discuss our problems of communication with machines.C. To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.D. To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.【正确答案】D【解题思路】本题属于段落主旨题。文章通过第一段末尾提出提问：学生们为什么被要 恭嵌脑中储存如此多的知识？引出了作者观点。文章第二、三、四、五段讲述人类是 否需要记忆大量信息，第六段论述全文论点，得出依赖机器去记?存荏啊险。选项A 译为“质疑信息储存的标准”；选项B译为讨论与机器交流存在的问题”；选项C译为 “强调提高记忆能力的重要性”；均与文章内容不符。选项D译为“提醒我们依靠机器去 记忆的风险故正确答案为选项D。四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than ExpectedIce covers much of the Arctic Ocean （北冰洋）.Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves （海浪）in the arctic waters.The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010. Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice.We were ready to go but when I went out, I
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