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中考英语there be句型和倒装句讲解there be句型1、结构There be 结构主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物)”。其基本句型为“There be + 某物或某人 + 某地”。其中there 是引导词,没有词义;be是谓语动词;“某人或某物”是句子的主语;“某地作句子的状语,多是介词短语。如: There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。 2、 There be结构中的动词be的确定 1)there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is, 是复数时用are。如: There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。 There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有许多书。2)若句子中有几个并列的主语时, be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如: There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office.办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。3、There be 结构的句型转换1)否定句there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如: There are some children in the picture. There arent any children in the picture. 2)一般疑问句及其答语把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are;否定答语为No, there isnt / arent。如: There are two cats in the tree. Are there two cats in the tree? Yes, there are. (No, there arent.) 倒装句一、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词、情态动词或系动词倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。倒装的条件:1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until , not only. but also等。例如:Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如:I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.2. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 用这些词表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。例如:Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语,杰克也会。If you wont go, neither will I.你不去,我也不去。3. only在句首倒装的情况。Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样,你才能学好英语。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次,他才来参加会议。如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。例如:Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时,他才卧床休息。4. as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。但需注意:1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如:Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力,但总不能让人满意。注意:让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。5.其他部分倒装 1) so that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。例如:So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很,动也不敢动。2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如:May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。例如:Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话,就再试一次。二、完全倒装(谓语+主语)全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如:Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。例如:Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:Here he comes.他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。
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