英语翻译专项习题及答案解析及解析

英语翻译专项习题及答案解析及解析一、高中英语翻译1高中英语翻译题：Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功。(ease)2遇到紧急情况一定要冷静，否则可能会造成严重后果。(or)3我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异，才能避免误会，与他人建立和谐的关系。(Only)4令教练欣慰的是，整个辩论队齐心协力，克服了遇到的各种困难，最终所有的努力都得到了回报。(rewardv.)【答案】1 Itisimpossibleforanyonetoachievesuccesswithease./Nobodycanachievesuccesswithease.2 Keepcalm/Calmdowninemergency,oritcanbringabout/causeseriousconsequences.3 Onlybylearningtorespectinterpersonaldifferences/differencesbetween（among）peoplecanweavoidmisunderstandingandbuildharmoniousrelationshipswithothers.4 Tothecoachsrelief,allthedebate/debatingteammembershaveworkedtogether/cooperatedtoovercomevariousdifficultiestheymetwith/encountered/cameacross,andalltheireffortshavefinallybeenrewarded.【解析】1.本句关键词（组）：achievesuccess取得成功”，withease熟练地；不费力地”。根据句意可知，此处描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故译为Itisimpossibleforanyonetoachievesuccesswithease./Nobodycanachievesuccesswithease.2本句关键词（组）：keepcalm/calmdown保持冷静“”，emergency紧急情况“”，bringabout/causeseriousconsequences造成严重后果“”。根据句意及提示可知，此处应使用句型：祈使句，or+将来时的句子”。故译为Keepcalm/Calmdowninemergency,oritcanbringabout/causeseriousconsequences.3 本句关键词（组）：interpersonaldifferences/differencesbetween（among）people人际间的差异”，avoidmisunderstanding避免误会“”，buildharmoniousrelationshipswithothers与“他人建立和谐的关系”。only位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装结构。故译为Onlybylearningtorespectinterpersonaldifferences/differencesbetween（among）peoplecanweavoidmisunderstandingandbuildharmoniousrelationshipswithothers.4 .本句关键词（组）：tothecoachsrelief练欣慰的是“，workedtogether/cooperated齐心协力“”，overcomevariousdifficulties克服各种困难“”，meetwith/encounter/comeacross遇到“”。根据句意及提示可知，此处主句应使用现在完成时。故译为Tothecoachsrelief,allthedebate/debatingteammembershaveworkedtogether/cooperatedtoovercomevariousdifficultiestheymetwith/encountered/cameacross,andalltheireffortshavefinallybeenrewarded.2高中英语翻译题：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.96今年除夕你计划在哪里过？(plan)97下雨天上海的道路总是比平时更拥堵。(than)98是一个外国人不顾自己的安危救了那个轻生的男子。(It)99那天傍晚我一走出校门就遇到了一个多年不见的小学同班同学。(Nosooner)100无论谁想要成功必先明白这个道理“成功来自艰苦的付出和坚持不懈”。(Whoever)【答案】1WhereareyouplanningtocelebratetheNewYearsEvethisyear?97 RoadsinShanghaialwaysget/becomemorecrowded/holdupmoretrafficthanusualonrainydays.98 Itwasaforeignerthat/whosavedthemantrying/whotriedtokillhimself/commitsuicidewithoutconsideringhisownsafety.99 NosoonerhadIlefttheschoolthatearlyeveningthanImetwith/bumpedinto/cameacross/encounteredaclassmateofmineinprimaryschool(whom)Ihadntseenforages/years.100 Whoeverwantstobesuccessfulshouldfirstunderstandtheprinciplethatsuccesscomesfromhardeffort/workandpersistence/perseverance【解析】1.本题提示词为plan,除夕翻译为NewYearsEve”97本题考查比较级，“比平时”翻译为“thanusual”.98 .本题考查强调句、定语从句和非谓语的翻译。首先强调句结构itis(was)that/who”那个轻生的男子,需要处理为定语从句，翻译为“themanwhotriedtokillhimself/commitsuicide”不顾;“withoutconsidering”.99 .倒装句和定语从句的翻译。一就“Nosoonerhadsb),donesth.thansb.didsth.多;年不见的小学同学可以处理成定语从句，翻译为“(whom)Ihadntseenforages/year；s.”100本题考查主语从句和同位语的翻译，句子结构比较复杂。首先“无论谁想要成功”用主语从句“Whoeverwantstobesuccessful。其次，”“这个道理“成功来自艰苦的付出和坚持不懈”这半句话涉及使用同位语从句。理清关系后，本句也并没有想象中那么复杂。100 高中英语翻译题：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1 这位妈妈鼓励孩子分担家务，她这么做是很明智的。(It.)2 20世纪60年代的那场饥荒使他不得不离开家乡到别的城市另谋出路。(force)3如您购买的产品有任何质量问题,请与公司售后部门联系。(contact)4.在中国机长(theCaptain)这部影片中，机长和机组人员的临危不惧，沉着冷静，最终把机上所有乘客安全送到机场。(face)【答案】1 Itissensible/wiseofthemothertoencourageherkid(s)tosharethehousework.2 Famineinthe1960sforcedhimtoleavehishometowninsearchofbetterchances/toseek(for)betterchancesinothercities.3 Iftheproductyoupurchaseisfaulty,pleasecontact/makecontactwiththeafter-salesdepartmentof/inourcompany.(也可以表达为ifthereissomethingwrongwiththeproductyoupurchase,)4 InthefilmtheCaptain,thecaptain(pilot)andthecrewstayedcalm(fearless/brave可以不写)infaceofdanger/whenfacedwithdanger/whenfacingdangerandfinallybrought/tookallthepassengers(onboard/aboardtheplane)totheairportsafeandsound.【解析】1.考查it作形式主语。分析句意可知，句子应该用一般现在时；此句用“i昨形式主语”句型表达；“明智的(sensible/wise)”是表示人物性格/品德的形容词，应用句型“Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo”；短语鼓励某人做encouragesb.todo。再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为Itissensible/wiseofthemothertoencourageherkid(s)tosharethehousework。2考查时态和固定短语。根据时间状语“20世纪60年代”，句子应该用一般过去时；短语“2世纪60年代inthe1960s;强迫/迫使某人做forcesb.todo；另谋出路insearchofbetterchances或用动词seek(追求)表达为toseek(for)betterchances;再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为Famineinthe1960sforcedhimtoleavehishometowninsearchofbetterchances/toseek(for)betterchancesinothercities。3考查动词和条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句如果是祈使句，从句用一般现在时；contact作动词时，“与某人联系”contactsb.；contact作名词时，“与某人联系“makecontactwithsb.;表达“有问题，也可用句型Thereissomethingwrongwith;再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为Iftheproductyoupurchaseisfaulty,pleasecontact/makecontactwiththeafter-salesdepartmentof/inourcompany(也可以表达为Ifthereissomethingwrongwiththeproductyoupurchase,。)4考查动词和固定短语。分析句意可知，整个句子应该用一般过去时；短语“沉着冷静”staycalm;短语“(当他们)面临危险时”有三种表达形式用短语infaceof表达为infaceofdanger;用短语(sb.)befacedwith表达为when(theywere)facedwithdanger;用动词face表达为when(theywere)facingdanger;短语安全地safeandsound也可用safely。再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为InthefilmtheCaptain,thecaptain(pilot)andthecrewstayedcalm(andfearless/brave可以不写)infaceofdanger/whenfacedwithdanger/whenfacingdangerandfinallybrought/tookallthepassengers(onboard/aboardtheplane)totheairportsafeandsound。【点睛】face的用法face作名词，意为脸”；作动词，意为面对。face既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后面可接人或表示困难、形势、问题等的抽象名词作宾语;用作不及物动词时,多用来指房屋的朝向。表达“(某人)面对/面临”的短语:in(the)faceofbefacedwithfacesth.例句：Thecoldairfeltwonderfulonhisface.凉凉的空气吹在他脸上感觉很舒爽。Theykeptoptimisticinthefaceoffrustration.面对挫折，他们还是保持乐观。Thewindowfacesthestreet.那扇窗子面临街道。Theyarefacedwiththesameproblem.他们面临同样的问题。Hefacedthedifficultywithcourage.他勇敢地面对困难。Facedwithsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime面临这么多困难，我们没能按时完成任务。Facingadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskforhelp.面对艰难的处境，Arnold决定求助。如本题第4小题，“(当他们)面临危险时”可表达为(whentheywere)infaceofdanger或when(theywere)facedwithdanger或whentheyfaceddanger/whenfacingdanger。4高中英语翻译题：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1 即使天气再热，也不要整天待在空调房间里。(stay)2一旦一个人学会了换位思考，就表明他正在走向成熟。(indicate)3直到他听了那个讲座才意识到自己对于该领域的知识是如此的匮乏。(It)4他们从没想到年底大桥就要建成通车了，这将使他们的出行更为便利。(occur,make)【答案】2 Dontstayintheai-rconditionedroomalldayevenifitsextremelyhot.3 Onceapersonhaslearnedhowtothinkinotherpeoplesposition,itindicatesthatheisgettingmature.4 Itwasnotuntilheattendedthelecturethatherealizedhowlittleheknewaboutthefield.5 Itneveroccurredtothemthatthebridgewouldbeopentotraffic/thepublicbytheendoftheyear,whichwillmakeiteasierforthemtogoout/anditwillmakeiteasierforthemtogoout.【解析】1考查祈使句和让步状语从句。根据句意可知本句为祈使句，同时用evenif/eventhough引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，故翻译为：Dontstayintheair-conditionedroomalldayevenifitsextremelyhot.2考查条件状语从句和宾语从句。根据句意可知本句使用once引导条件状语从句，表示“一旦”，而且learnhowtothinkinotherpeople发生在sposintiodincate之前，要用现在完成时，indicate用一般现在时，其后为宾语从句，从句成分完整，用that引导，故翻译为：Onceapersonhaslearnedhowtothinkinotherpeoplesposition,itindicatesthatheisgettingmature.3考查notuntil的强调句型。根据句意可知本句使用notuntil的强调句型，其基本结构为：Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其余部分，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故翻译为：Itwasnotuntilheattendedthelecturethatherealizedhowlittleheknewaboutthefield.4 .考查固定句式和非限定性定语从句。Itoccurstosb.that表示某人突然想到:同时可以使用非限定性定语从句，用which指代整个主句内容并在从句中做主语，故翻译为：Itneveroccurredtothemthatthebridgewouldbeopentotraffic/thepublicbytheendoftheyear,whichwillmakeiteasierforthemtogoout/anditwillmakeiteasierforthemtogoout.5 高中英语翻译题：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1 不要运动过度，不然有猝死的可能。(or)2我想当时你一定具有控制自己行为的能力。(power)3虽然关注自己的快乐没有错，但把快乐传播给身边的人总是一件不错的事。(communicate)4妄自菲薄只会让自己迷失方向，限制自身发展。从今天开始就关掉消极频道，释放自身的潜能吧(nowhere)【答案】2 Dontexercisetoomuch,oryoumaydieofsuddendeath.3 Ithinkyoumusthavehadthepowertocontrolyourbehavioratthattime.4 Althoughthereisnothingwrongwithfocusingonyourownhappiness,itisalwaysagoodthingtocommunicatehappinesstopeoplearound.5 Thinkingpoorlyaboutyourselfgetsyounowhere,limitingyourowndevelopment.Stopbeingnegativefromtodayandreleaseyourpotential.【解析】1 .考查固定句式。dontdo表示不要；否则会:故翻译为：Dontexercisetoomuch,oryoumaydieofsuddendeath.2考查情态动词+havedone。musthavedone表示对过去的事情最有把握的推测，表示“一定做过：故翻译为：Ithinkyoumusthavehadthepowertocontrolyourbehavioratthattime.3考查让步状语从句和形式主语。首先确定两个关键短语：communicatesthtosb表示将交(传递)给某人“，focuson表示关注、集中于“，根据句意可知本句用although引导让步状语从句，同时用it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故翻译为：Althoughthereisnothingwrongwithfocusingonyourownhappiness,itisalwaysagoodthingtocommunicatehappinesstopeoplearound.4考查祈使句和非谓语动词。根据句意确定本句使用祈使句，同时使用动名词做主语，另外stopdoing表示“停止做某事”，故翻译为：Thinkingpoorlyaboutyourselfgetsyounowhere,limitingyourowndevelopment.Stopbeingnegativefromtodayandreleaseyourpotential.6 高中英语翻译题：Translatethefollowingsentences1 学生在英语写作中词不达意的现象值得每位英语教师关注。(worth)2下周一整周都可以用肉眼观察到火星，这让很多天文(astronomy)爱好者欣喜若狂。(visible)3应当鼓励孩子从小接触音乐，音乐一直被认为是灵感的恒久源泉。source4中日两国的共同利益远远大于分歧，对话与合作始终是两国关系的主流。(outweigh)【答案】1 Thephenomenonthatstudentscantconvey/expresstheirideasisworthpaeyinntgioanttobyeveryEnglishteacher.2 Marswillbevisibletothenakedeyeallweeknextweek,whichmakesmanyastronomyloverswildwithjoy.3 Kidsshouldbeencouragedtobeexposedto/exposethemselvestomusicfromanearlyagebecausemusicisregardedasanenduringsourceofinspiration.4 ThecommoninterestsbetweenChinaandJapanfaroutweightheirdifferences,sodialogueandcooperationshouldremainthemainstreamoftheirrelations.【解析】【分析】考查句子翻译。1 考查固定短语和名词性从句。固定短语beworthdoingsth.值得做某“事”，payattentionto对的注意“，本句为同位语从句修饰先行词phenomenon。故翻译为Thephenomenonthatstudentscantconvey/expresstheirideasisworthpayingattentiontobyeveryEnglishteacher.。2 .考查固定短语和定语从句。固定短语bevisibleto所看见的，wildwithjoy欣喜若狂”，本句为非限定性定语从句修饰主句，且主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。故翻译为Marswillbevisibletothenakedeyeallweeknextweek,whichmakesmanyastronomyloverswildwithjoy.。3 .考查固定短语和状语从句。固定短语beexposedto/exposeoneselfto接触：anenduringsourceofinspiration灵感的恒久源泉”，beregardedas被视为；本句为原因状语从句，从句为一般现在时。故翻译为Kidsshouldbeencouragedtobeexposedto/exposethemselvestomusicfromanearlyagebecausemusicisregardedasanenduringsourceofinspiration.。4考查固定短语。固定短语faroutweigh远远大于“”，themainstream主流“”。本句应用一般现在时。故翻译为ThecommoninterestsbetweenChinaandJapanfaroutweightheirdifferences,sodialogueandcooperationshouldremainthemainstreamoftheirrelations.。7高中英语翻译题：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets1 就是周三那天他带了盒饭到学校，为此大家很惊语.(it)2我们现在所做的一切是为了今后服务于社会，所以这些势力值得付出。(worth)3这是第一次外籍人士在中国为如此重要的代表大会参与翻译工作。(involve)4每次我对下一步该做什么心里没错的时候，我的一些好友一定会过来鼎力力相助的。(loss)【答案】2 ItwasWednesdaywhenhebroughtapreparedmealtoschool,whichsurprisedtheothers.3 Allthethingswearedoingnowarefortheserviceweofferforthesocietyinthefuture,sotheseeffortsareworthpaying.4 ThisisthefirsttimethataforeignerisinvolvedinthetranslationworkinsuchimportantrepresentativeconferenceinChina.5 EverytimeIamatalossforwhatIshoulddonext,someofmybestfriendwillcertainlybetheretogivemeahand.【解析】1考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，when引导时间状语从句修饰Wednesday并在从句中做状语，which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中做主语；再根据语境可知，句子陈述的是过去的动作，故用一般过去时。综上，故译成ItwasWednesdaywhenhebroughtapreparedmealtoschool,whichsurprisedtheothers.2考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，wearedoingnow是定语从句修饰allthethings，weofferforthesocietyinthefuture是定语从句修饰theservice，so是并列连词，前句是因，后句是果；再根据句意可知，beworthdoing意为做是值得的”；再根据语境可知，句子陈述的是事实信息，故用一般现在时。综上，故译成Allthethingswearedoingnowarefortheserviceweofferforthesocietyinthefuture,sotheseeffortsareworthpaying.3考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，thisisthefirsttimethat是固定句型，that后时态是现在完成时；根据句意可知，beinvolvedin意为“涉及到”；此句翻译时需注意几个地点状语的排列（由小及大），综上，故译成ThisisthefirsttimethataforeignerhasbeeninvolvedinthetranslationworkinsuchimportantrepresentativeconferenceinChina.4考查everytime引导的时间状语从句。分析句子结构可知，everytime引导时间状语从句，what引导宾语从句，且在从句中做宾语；再根据句意可知，ataloss意为不知所措”，givesb.ahand意为“帮助某人”；再根据语境可知，句子陈述的是事实信息，故用一般现在时。综上，故译成EverytimeIamatalossforwhatIshoulddonext,someofmybestfriendwillcertainlybetheretogivemeahand.8高中英语翻译题：Translation1 这些保存完好的历史建筑可以追溯到16世纪60年代。(date)2 John难得去老师那儿寻求帮助，他觉得自学会使自己受益更多。(Seldom)3基于个人消费历史的网上年度账单可能会带来隐私泄露问题。(bring)4近年来医患关系成为了社会热点，解除病人痛苦正是医生职责，病人也应充分信任与理解医生。(relieve)【答案】1 Thesewell-preservedhistoricbuildingscandatebacktothe1560s.2 SeldomdidJohnaskteacherforhelp,andhethoughtthatteachinghimselfwouldbemorebeneficial.3 Onlyayearlybillbasedonpersonalconsuminghistorymaybringabouttheleakofprivateproblem.4 Recently,therelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatientshasbecomeasocialhotpoint,butrelievingthePatientspainisdoctorsresponsibthilietypaantidentsshouldfullybelieveandunderstandthedoctors.【解析】1 考查datebackto的用法。根据句意及提示词可知，此处使用词组datebackto追溯“到”，该词组没有被动语态，常使用一般现在时。故译为：Thesewell-preservedhistoricbuildingscandatebacktothe1560s.2考查seldom引导倒装句的用法。seldom位于句首时，后面需要部分倒装；根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的动作，应使用一般过去时和过去将来时。故译为：SeldomdidJohnaskteacherforhelp,andhethoughtthatteachinghimselfwouldbemorebeneficial.3考查bringabout的用法。根据句意及提示词可知，此处使用词组bringabout带来“”，句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故译为：Onlyayearlybillbasedonpersonalconsuminghistorymaybringabouttheleakofprivateproblem.4考查relieve的用法。根据句意及提示词可知，此处使用动词relieve解除“”的动名词词组pain is doc做主语，句子使用现在完成时和一般现在时，故译为：Recently,therelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatientshasbecomeasocialhotpoint,butrelievingthePatientstorsresponsibilityandthepatientsshouldfullybelieveandunderstandthedoctors.9高中英语翻译题：Translation1店主在卖这台空气净化器时向你开价多少？（charge）2参加社区服务对提高青少年的综合能力有好处。（involve）3就是在我周末经常去看书的那个图书馆，我碰巧遇到了我的小学同窗。（It）4尽管网购商品价格便宜，但我觉得盲目购物是不明智的，毕竟质量才是王道。（despite）【答案】1 Howmuchdidtheshopownerchargeyoufortheaircleaner?2 Beinginvolvedincommunityservicedoesgoodto/benefits/isofbenefitto/contributestoimprovingteenagersoverall/comprehensiveabilities.3 ItwasinthelibrarywhereIoftengotoreadbooksthatIcameacross/metwith/ranacross/raninto/encounteredmyformer/oldclassmatesinprimaryschool.4 Despitethelowpricesofonlinegoods,shoppingonlineblindlyisunwise/notsensible,for,afterall,qualityisking/theGod/everything/thebestpolicy/thekeyfactor/themostimportantthing.【解析】【分析】本题考查翻译，注意按括号内的要求翻译。1.考查时态和短语chargesb-forSh用法。chargesbfors示就某物向某人要价:语境表明事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故翻译为：Howmuchdidtheshopownerchargeyoufortheaircleaner?2考查非谓语动词和固定短语。beinvolvedin表示“参与”，benefit可作及物动词，表示“有益于”，后面直接接宾语，也可用dogoodto/beofbenefitto/contributeto表示“有益于、对有好处”，这三个短语中的to是介词，后面需要接名词或动名词作宾语，根据句意可知本句用动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：Beinginvolvedincommunityservicedoesgoodto/benefits/isofbenefitto/contributestoimprovingteenagersoverall/comprehensiveabilities.3考查强调句型和定语从句。根据提示词it确定本句使用强调句型，其基本结构为：itis+被强调部分+that+其余部分，本剧强调的是地点状语，其中强调句型中包含了一个定语从句，先行词为library,关系词在从句中充当地点状语，用关系副词where来引导定语从句，陈述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，可以用comeacross/meetwith/runacross/runinto/encounter表示“(偶然)遇到”，故翻译为：ItwasinthelibrarywhereIoftengotoreadbooksthatIcameacross/metwith/ranacross/raninto/encounteredmyformer/oldclassmatesinprimaryschool.4考查despite的用法。despite是介词，表示“尽管”，后面不能接句子，而要接名词或名词性短语，根据句意可知本句用动名词作主语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：Despitethelowpricesofonlinegoods,shoppingonlineblindlyinunwise/notsensible,for,afterall,qualityisking/theGod/everything/thebestpolicy/thekeyfactor/themostimportantthing.10高中英语翻译题：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.1你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见疑犯实施犯罪？(it)2学外语时没有必要不懂装懂，否则你总有一天会后悔的。(needn.)3人们很难想象像他这样一个体面的政府官员是如何一夜之间就沦为阶下囚的。(reduce)4这个年轻人向朋友保证在任何情况下他都不会违背做一个诚实和守信人的承诺。(undernocircumstances)【答案】1 Wasitinthenewly-openedrestaurant/thatyouwitnessed/saw(that)thesuspect/committhecrime?2 Thereisnoneedto/pretendtoknowwhatyoudontknow/whenyoulearnaforeignlanguage,/otherwise/oryouwillregretitsomeday.3 Peoplecould/canhardlyimagine/howadecentgovernmentofficiallikehim/can/shouldbereducedto/aprisonerovernight4 Theyoungpersonassuredhisfriendsthat/undernocircumstanceswouldhe/breakthepromisethat/heshould/wouldbefaithful/trustworthyandhonest.【解析】【分析】考查句子翻译。1考查强调句。本句为强调句结构，强调的部分为inthenewly-openedrestaurant，且固定短语committhecrime“犯罪”，且应用一般过去时。故填Wasitinthenewly-openedrestaurant/thatyouwitnessed/saw(that)thesuspect/committhecrime?2考查固定句式。固定句式Thereisnoneedtodosth.没有必要做某事“”，且应为when引导的时间状语从句，短语pretendtodosth.假装做某事“”，且应用一般现在时以及一般将来时。故填Thereisnoneedto/pretendtoknowwhatyoudontknow/whenyoulearnaforeignlanguage,/otherwise/oryouwillregretitsomeday.3考查名词性从句和固定短语。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语表示“如何”，故用how引导，且固定短语bereducedto沦为“”，故填Peoplecould/canhardlyimagine/howadecentgovernmentofficiallikehim/can/shouldbereducedto/aprisonerovernight。4考查名词性从句和固定短语。本句为宾语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导，且固定短语undernocircumstances“决不”，且根据句意应用一般过去时，故填Theyoungpersonassuredhisfriendsthat/undernocircumstanceswouldhe/breakthepromisethat/heshould/wouldbefaithful/trustworthyandhonest.。【点睛】强调句结构。为了突出句子中的某一部分，我们通常会使用某种方法或手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的注意，这就是强调，与此相关的句子就是强调句。强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。其结构为itis(was)+被强调成分+that(who)+其他。1、陈述句的强调句型Itis/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。2、一般疑问句的强调句型，把is/was提到it前面。3、特殊疑问句的强调句型，被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分?4、notuntil句型的强调句句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分普通句：Hedidntgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till,until可通用;因为句型中Itis/wasnot.已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。如第一小题，本句为强调句结构，强调的部分为inthenewly-openedrestaurant，且固定短语committhecrime“犯罪”，且应用一般过去时。故填Wasitinthenewly-openedrestaurant/thatyouwitnessed/saw(that)thesuspect/committhecrime?