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虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测推测.Subjunctive Mood 1. 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法条件状语从句中的用法条件从句条件从句从句谓语形式从句谓语形式主句主句谓语形式谓语形式与与现在现在事事实相反实相反 与与过去过去事事实相反实相反 与将来事与将来事实相反实相反 动词过去式动词过去式(were)should/ would /could/ might+动词动词原形原形had+过去分词过去分词should/ would/ could /might + have+过去分词过去分词should/ would/ could/ might +动词动词原形原形1.should+动词原形动词原形2.动词过去式动词过去式3.were to+动词原形动词原形If I were you,I should accept the invitation. 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。如果我有空，我就去那儿。If he were to come, what should we say to him. 假如他来了假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？If he should see me, he would know me. 假如他看见我假如他看见我, 就会认识我。就会认识我。If you had come earlier,you couldn t have missed the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.A: Why dont our grandchildren visit us more often?B: They dont have enough time. If they _ more time, they _ us more often.2022-2-7A: I wonder why Fred works so hard.B: I dont know. He must like his job.A: If he _ his job, he _ so hard.What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I _ a teacher, I.wereIf he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if 条件句中的倒装条件句中的倒装如果条件句中有如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将等助动词，可将if省略，而把省略，而把were,had或或should置于句首。置于句首。1. Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.2. Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. If you had listened to me, you _(not be) in such trouble now.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反; ;与现在事实相反与现在事实相反would not be主句谓语和从句谓语发生的主句谓语和从句谓语发生的时间时间不同不同, ,分别选用分别选用相应相应的谓的谓语形式语形式. .1. If he hadnt married Jane, he _ (live) such a happy life now. 2.If I were you, I _ (accept) the prize money just now.wouldnt be livingwould have accepted错综时间条件句错综时间条件句句子不一定有条件从句句子不一定有条件从句, ,只是一只是一介词短语介词短语, ,但谓语仍然用但谓语仍然用虚拟语气虚拟语气. .Without your help, we could not have completedthe task ahead of time.=If we had not had your help, weBut for his pension, he _ (starve) to death.would starveWithout the money donated by the warm-heartedpeople, the boy _ from the illness.A.would recover B. could not recoverC. would have recovered D. could not have recovered含蓄条件句含蓄条件句1. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.2. Without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.3. But for their help, we could not have finished the program in time.3. I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have gone to help him.1. Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did2. Without subjunctive, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would beIf I were a butterfly, I would fly to drink nectar in the most beautiful flowers in the world.If I were a big tree, I would grow so tall that I would touch the sky.But sadly Im not, so I must make the best of life as it is.Finish the following poem!What will you do if it rains tomorrow?真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。采用陈述语气。I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来V. + ed/ (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。2.wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 与将来与将来 事实相反事实相反 过去时过去时（were）had+过去分词过去分词would/could/might+动词原形动词原形If you saw a falling star, what wishes would you make?I wish I 1. I wish I _ (go) to a university I like next year.2. I wish I _(be) as handsome as Beckham.3.I missed the party last night. How I wish I _ (attend) it!could gowerehad attendedI WISH I I WISH EVERY DAY _ MY BIRTHDAY.THE PARTY WAS TERRIBLE, I WISH I wish I People are often not satisfied with their present situation.They will express their wishes for a different situation using subjunctive mood.eg. She is not beautiful. She wishes she were beautiful.1. I am too short to play basketball.2. It is a great pity you cant come.3. It is impossible for him to visit us next week.4. He cant draw very well.5. I want to go to Paris with you, but I cant.I WISHI wish I wish I wishEndingRequirements（要求）（要求）:Make full use of your imaginative mind Make different situational wishesI wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.I wish I were a tree and could grow quickly to touch the sky.I wish I were a flower and could show my beauty to everyone.I wish I were a grass and could over the difficulties from the stone. I wish I were a horse and could run wildly in the grassland.I wish I could achieve all my wild dreams.I wish I were a bird so that I could fly in the sky freely.I wish I were the sun so that I could light up every corner of the world.I wish I were a fish so that I could swim in the broad see.I wish I were a flower so that I could beautify our environment.I wish I were a star so that I could twinkle and shine in the sky.I wish no one judged a person by the clothes he wears.I wish no one dropped out of school for lack of money.I wish everyone on the earth lived in peace without war. I wish everyone made efforts to protect our only earth.I wish our efforts wouldnt be in vain.I wish there were no racial discrimination in the world.But I know only by diligence and perseverance can we realize these dreams.I wish I were a bee. I would collect more honey to give people sweet.I wish I were the sun. I would keep the crops in enough sunshine.I wish I were a star. I would give people light with which people can go home safely.I wish I were a kite. I would fly to the sky with childrens dreams.I wish I were a stamp. I would keep two friends in touch forever.I wish I were a cup. I would be held by the person who I love very much.I wish I were a book. I would be popular with who are eager to learn knowledge.But I am just a senior high student. What I should do is try my best to make my school life more colorful. 条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来V. + ed/ (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。1. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.2. Without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.3. But for their help, we could not have finished the program in time.3. I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have gone to help him.2.wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 与将来与将来 事实相反事实相反 过去时过去时（were）had+过去分词过去分词would/could/might+动词原形动词原形一个坚持一个坚持 _ 两个命令两个命令 _ 三个建议三个建议 _ 四个要求四个要求 _ insist order, command advise, suggest, propose demand, require, request, desire order, commandadvice, suggestion, proposaldemand, requirement, request, desire这类词引导的名词性从句要使用这类词引导的名词性从句要使用should + 动词动词原形原形, 或者将或者将should省略省略。1. The doctors suggestion is that he (shoud) try to lose weight.2. Did he accept the doctors suggestion that he (should) try to lose weight?3. It is suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.4. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句I would rather you could teach me again.I would rather_. 我宁愿他们明天来。我宁愿他们明天来。 The manager would rather that his secretary_.经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。 would rather 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句would rather (that) 从句从句与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 had+had+过去分词过去分词与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 过去式过去式与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 过去式过去式they came tomorrowwent to the meeting instead of him以以as if, as though (似乎似乎,仿佛仿佛)引出的方式状语从句引出的方式状语从句.如果表示如果表示真实情况真实情况应该用应该用陈述语气陈述语气；如果表示如果表示非真实情况非真实情况则应该用则应该用虚拟语气虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。动词的虚拟式相同。 as if, as though 引导的从句引导的从句1. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.2. The boy acted as though he had never lived in Canada before. 由由if only （要是（要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。1. If only I had passed the test ！2. If only he knew the answer!3. If only I could speak several foreign languages！4. If only you had told me the truth before!5. If only the rain would stop! 动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望，用用wouldwould或或couldcould表示将来。表示将来。 only if 表示表示 “只有只有”。 if only 则表示则表示 “如果如果就好了就好了”。1. I wake up _the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒只有闹钟响了，我才会醒.2. _the alarm clock had rung! 当时闹钟响了，就好了。当时闹钟响了，就好了。3. _he comes early! 但愿他早点回来。但愿他早点回来。 only ifIf onlyIf only比较比较if only与与only if It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式过去式或用或用should加动词原形加动词原形，但，但should不可省略。不可省略。表示表示“到某人该做某事的时间了到某人该做某事的时间了”。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.It is high time that _. 该是我们吃午饭的时候了。该是我们吃午饭的时候了。 It is time that _. 该是他作出决定的时候了。该是他作出决定的时候了。 It is (high) time that we had our lunchhe made up his mindWould you mind smoking here ？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China ！God bless me.虚拟语气的其它用法虚拟语气的其它用法条件条件从句从句If 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来V. + ed/ (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
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