资源描述
被动语态被动语态1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.2.English is spoken by many people .4.Lucky 52 is watched on TV by many people .3.The tickets about heroes are sold out .语态：英语的语态是动词的一种形式，语态：英语的语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示用来表示_和和_之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态, ,即即_和和_。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的主动语态：表示主语是动作的_。被动。被动语态：表示主语是动作的语态：表示主语是动作的_。如：如：Many students study English.(_) English is studied by many students. (_)语态语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态执行者执行者承受者承受者主语主语谓语动词谓语动词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态 一一. 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成_ 助动词助动词be+(及物动词的及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词语态的形式。助动词_有有_、_和和_的变化，的变化，其变化规则与其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。作为系动词的变化完全一样。一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态:_+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词如：如：The desk _made of wood. The desks _made of wood. He_ asked a question by the teacher.isarewasbe 人称人称数数时态时态主语主语+be+v-ed（及物）（及物）+ （by+动作执行者）动作执行者）am/is/areby many students.1. Many students study English.Englishis studied2. They make shoes in that factory.Shoes are madeby themin that factory.二二. 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤主动语态变为被动语态的步骤1.1.把主动语态的把主动语态的_变为被动语态的变为被动语态的_。如主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由如主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由_变为变为_。 2.2.把主动语态的把主动语态的谓语谓语变为变为_语态的语态的谓语谓语。 _3.3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的_短语。短语。 byby短语可以省。短语可以省。 byby短语后跟代词的短语后跟代词的_格。格。by the teacher.Heis asked questions主动语态变为被动语态的步骤主动语态变为被动语态的步骤宾语宾语主语主语宾格宾格主格主格被动被动be+过去分词过去分词by宾宾1. 找宾语找宾语 -即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数 -即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.are3. 判断动词的时态判断动词的时态 -即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的形式修改谓语的形式 -即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 5. 修改原句的主语修改原句的主语 -即即by+ 宾语（原主语）宾语（原主语）. by them主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤主变宾主变宾, ,宾变主宾变主, , 谓动谓动be done be done 时不变时不变, ,人称、数、格随着变人称、数、格随着变madein that factory They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing. 三三. 被动语态的句式变化被动语态的句式变化 肯定句：肯定句：_否定句：否定句：_一般疑问句：一般疑问句：_特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句： _by many students.English is studiedby many students.English_is not studied_English _by many students?_ _English _by?主语主语be + 过去分词过去分词(by )主语主语be not 过去分词过去分词(by )Be 主语过去分词主语过去分词(by )?疑问词疑问词be主语过去分词主语过去分词 (by )IsstudiedWho isstudiedThe homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday. 四、被动语态的用法四、被动语态的用法 1）在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。）在没有指明动作的执行者的情况下。 The meeting was held last week. 会议上周召开了。会议上周召开了。 English is taught in all middle schools. 所有中学都开设英语课。所有中学都开设英语课。 2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。 Teapots are used for drinking. 茶壶是饮水用的。茶壶是饮水用的。 Wheres cotton produced? 棉花产于何地？棉花产于何地？ 五、各种时态的被动语态五、各种时态的被动语态1一般现在时一般现在时结构：主语结构：主语_+ 过去分词过去分词(主主) ：She cleans her room every day.(被被) (肯肯) ：_否定句：否定句：_一般疑问句：一般疑问句：_注意：注意：被动句的被动句的be动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致 am / is / areHer room is cleaned (by her) every day.Her room isnt cleaned (by her) every day.Is her room cleaned (by her) every day?_1. They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词过去分词last year.Many treeswere plantedTen computers were bought They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The roomwill be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.will be+过去分词过去分词 We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care ofMore water should be drunkcan/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The rooms are being painted1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keys have been made时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been done被动语态的用法被动语态的用法被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型以以“人人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以以“物物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或或for.被动语态：被动语态：sb.+be v-ed+sth.sth.+be v-ed +to/for sb.如：如：1.He gave me a book. _by him. （以（以I做主语）做主语） _by Tom. （以物（以物book作主语）作主语） 2.He teaches us English. _by him. （以人当主语）（以人当主语）_by him. （以物作主语）（以物作主语）I was given a bookA book was given to meWe are taught EnglishEnglish is taught to uskeep, make 等动词常常有宾语补足语，等动词常常有宾语补足语， （_）在被动语态中，宾语补足语在被动语态中，宾语补足语_不变。不变。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主主 谓谓 宾宾 _in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. _the office building. 动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语位置位置Food is kept freshHe was seen to go into宾补宾补 不及物动词没有宾语，因此不及物动词没有宾语，因此_有被动语态。但有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上有的不及物动词后面加上_词及其他一些词类构词及其他一些词类构成成_之后，其作用相当于之后，其作用相当于_物动词，可物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，动语态时，_去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.没没介介短语动词短语动词及及不能不能(3)主动形式表被动意义。主动形式表被动意义。1)某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。意义。如：如：_等等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。2）当）当 need, want, require, be worth后面接后面接_时时,表示的是被动意义。例如：表示的是被动意义。例如： Your hair wants_.你的头发该理了。你的头发该理了。 The floor requires_. 地板需要冲洗。地板需要冲洗。 The book is worth_.这本书值得一读。这本书值得一读。T he children need_.孩子们需要照看。孩子们需要照看。doingcuttingwashingreadinglooking afterlook, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound3)某些作表语的形容词后，用某些作表语的形容词后，用_形式表示形式表示被动意义。被动意义。The conversation is hard_.对这话很难理解。对这话很难理解。The fish is not easy_.鱼不容易钓。鱼不容易钓。The passage is difficult_.这段文章很难读懂。这段文章很难读懂。4）某些动词的主语是物不是人时）某些动词的主语是物不是人时;_等。等。例如：例如：The book _well.这本书销路好。这本书销路好。 This knife_ easily.这刀子很好用。这刀子很好用。不定式主动不定式主动to understandto fishto readwash, clean, cook, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sellsellscuts4、特殊结构：、特殊结构：_ （使别人能听见（使别人能听见/理解自己）等。理解自己）等。例如：例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself _. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。make sb. heard / understoodunderstood5. It is said that +从句及其他类似句型从句及其他类似句型 It is said that据说据说 It is reported that据报到据报到It is believed that 大家相信大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望大家希望It is well known that 众所周知众所周知It is thought that 大家认为大家认为It is suggested that 据建议据建议It is said that the boy has passed the national exam .=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 把下列句子变成被动语态把下列句子变成被动语态:1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by two4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last yearThe play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week.(变主动语态变主动语态) another man-made satellite into space last week.7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. 8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm.They sent upwere planted are grown1.Our school _in 2002.(开办开办)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (照顾照顾)3. _ this building_(建成建成)last year?4.The book _ _(写写)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行举行) in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held
展开阅读全文