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会计学1初中初中(chzhng)英语语法动词英语语法动词第一页,共81页。第1页/共81页第二页,共81页。第2页/共81页第三页,共81页。第3页/共81页第四页,共81页。第4页/共81页第五页,共81页。第5页/共81页第六页,共81页。第6页/共81页第七页,共81页。8.9.在倒装句中在倒装句中10.They helped the farmers , so did we.11.I wont visit the famous singer,neither will he.第7页/共81页第八页,共81页。第8页/共81页第九页,共81页。第9页/共81页第十页,共81页。第10页/共81页第十一页,共81页。第11页/共81页第十二页,共81页。第12页/共81页第十三页,共81页。第13页/共81页第十四页,共81页。第14页/共81页第十五页,共81页。第15页/共81页第十六页,共81页。be(is)be(is)be(is)do (like)do (plays)do (help)第16页/共81页第十七页,共81页。第17页/共81页第十八页,共81页。第18页/共81页第十九页,共81页。第19页/共81页第二十页,共81页。第20页/共81页第二十一页,共81页。第21页/共81页第二十二页,共81页。第22页/共81页第二十三页,共81页。一般现在时一般现在时: Present Simple概念概念(ginin): 表示习惯、经常表示习惯、经常性的动作性的动作结构结构: do、 does标志语:标志语:usually、often、never、 sometimes、once a week、 twice a month、every year第23页/共81页第二十四页,共81页。客观事实,普遍真理客观事实,普遍真理The earth goes around the sun.主将从现主将从现If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park.When I grow up, I will go to America.一般一般(ybn)现在表正在现在表正在 There goes the bell.第24页/共81页第二十五页,共81页。9.have - has10.第25页/共81页第二十六页,共81页。第26页/共81页第二十七页,共81页。1.The twins _(wash) the clothes every day.2.Sometimes he _ (play) basketball over there.3.How often _ Sally _(sing)?washplaysdoessing第27页/共81页第二十八页,共81页。现在现在(xinzi)进行时进行时: Present Progressive概念概念: 表示现在正在发生的动作表示现在正在发生的动作(dngzu)结构结构: be (is, am, are) + doing标志语:标志语: Look! 、 Listen! 、now第28页/共81页第二十九页,共81页。一般在动词原形后一般在动词原形后+ing以不发音的以不发音的e结尾结尾的,去的,去e,+ing重读闭音节以一个重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的,辅音字母结尾的,双写这一字母双写这一字母+ing动词动词-ing形式形式(xngsh)的构成:的构成:writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking第29页/共81页第三十页,共81页。1.The twins _(wash) the clothes now.2.Look! He _ (play) basketball over there.3.Listen! _ Sally _(sing)?are washingis playingIssinging第30页/共81页第三十一页,共81页。第31页/共81页第三十二页,共81页。3 ) 瞬间瞬间(shn jin)动词动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系动词系动词seem, remain, lie, sound, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.第32页/共81页第三十三页,共81页。过去进行时过去进行时: Past Progressive概念概念: 表示表示(biosh)过去正在发生的过去正在发生的动作动作结构结构: be (was,were) + doing标志语:标志语:at 8:00 yesterday 、 when、 while、第33页/共81页第三十四页,共81页。过去过去(guq)进行时进行时1)at this time last night, at 9:00 yesterday2)when I saw him; while I was watching TV3)from seven to nine4)yesterday, last year, yesterday morningWhat were you doing this time yesterday?He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.第34页/共81页第三十五页,共81页。一般过去时一般过去时: Past Simple概念概念: 表示过去发生的动作表示过去发生的动作结构结构(jigu): did标志语:标志语:yesterday、. ago、 in 1992、 last week/month第35页/共81页第三十六页,共81页。第36页/共81页第三十七页,共81页。第37页/共81页第三十八页,共81页。动词动词-ed形式形式(xngsh)的构成:的构成:在动词后加在动词后加-ed以字母以字母e 结尾的动结尾的动词,只词,只+d“ 辅音字母辅音字母+y ” ,变变y 为为i, 再再+ed重读闭音节以一个重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的,辅音字母结尾的,双写双写+edwantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanwantedmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedanswered第38页/共81页第三十九页,共81页。getgoeataredocutsaygot gotwent goneate eatencut cutwere beendid donesaid said第39页/共81页第四十页,共81页。takeswimdrinkhavecomeputseetook takenswam swumdrank drunkput puthad hadcame comesaw seen第40页/共81页第四十一页,共81页。1.The twins _(wash) the clothes yesterday.2.The day before yesterday he _ (play) basketball over there.3._ Sally _(sing) two hours ago?washedplayedDidsing第41页/共81页第四十二页,共81页。一般将来时一般将来时: Future Simple概念概念(ginin): 表示将要发生的表示将要发生的动作动作结构结构: will do、 shall do、 be (am、is、are) going to do标志语:标志语:tomorrow、in.、next第42页/共81页第四十三页,共81页。一般一般(ybn)将来时将来时tomorrow, today, tonight 2) next spring/ week/ month/ year3) during this term 4) first, next 5) when I grow upWhat will you do next week?Well only stay for two weeks.第43页/共81页第四十四页,共81页。事。事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生有迹象要发生(fshng)的事的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.n第44页/共81页第四十五页,共81页。第45页/共81页第四十六页,共81页。I will (将)(将)visit you tomorrow.He wont (不)(不)come back next week.第46页/共81页第四十七页,共81页。第47页/共81页第四十八页,共81页。过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态,即立足于过去某时存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态,即立足于过去某时,从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态,从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。 1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him.1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him. 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.more. 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 第48页/共81页第四十九页,共81页。第49页/共81页第五十页,共81页。第50页/共81页第五十一页,共81页。B第51页/共81页第五十二页,共81页。Composition: I(你的过去、现在和将来)(你的过去、现在和将来) Write an article about yourself, tell us your past、your present and your future.第52页/共81页第五十三页,共81页。现在完成时现在完成时: Present Perfect概念概念(ginin): 表示已经发生表示已经发生的动作的动作结构结构: has done、 have done标志语:标志语:already、 yet、ever、 never、since、for、第53页/共81页第五十四页,共81页。第54页/共81页第五十五页,共81页。 I have never(从未)(从未) heard of that before. Have you ever(曾)(曾) ridden a horse? She has already(已)(已) finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet(还)(还)? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just(刚)(刚) lost my science book. 有时有时(yush)没有时没有时(yush)间状语;多是一般间状语;多是一般疑问句。疑问句。第55页/共81页第五十六页,共81页。(2)现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在)现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还也许还会持续下去的动作会持续下去的动作(dngzu)或状态。可以和表示从过去或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状语连用。语连用。 如:如:for和和since,以及,以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。等。 I havent seen her these days(这些天)(这些天). She has learnt English for 3 years(三年)(三年). 第56页/共81页第五十七页,共81页。 They have lived here since 1990(自(自1990). What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years(在过去的(在过去的350年)年)?注意注意(zh y):表示短暂时间动作的词,如:表示短暂时间动作的词,如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能等的完成时不能与与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。等表示一段时间的短语连用。第57页/共81页第五十八页,共81页。第58页/共81页第五十九页,共81页。第59页/共81页第六十页,共81页。 一般过去时的时间状语有:一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。具体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有:共同的时间状语有:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately等。等。 现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时的时间状语有:时的时间状语有:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定的时间状语。等不确定的时间状语。第60页/共81页第六十一页,共81页。第61页/共81页第六十二页,共81页。He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。为短暂行为。)注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960)时,不能使用)时,不能使用(shyng)现在完成时现在完成时,要用过去时。例如:,要用过去时。例如:(错)(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 第62页/共81页第六十三页,共81页。第63页/共81页第六十四页,共81页。第64页/共81页第六十五页,共81页。将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有:段时间连用,其常用的方法有:a.用相应的延续性动词替换用相应的延续性动词替换(t hun)的主要有:的主要有:buy keep come/go/become be catch/get a cold have a cold get to know knowbe+名词名词 join the Party be a Party member第65页/共81页第六十六页,共81页。 go to school be a studentbe+形容词形容词/副词副词(fc) leave be away (from) die be dead put on be on finish/end be over begin/start be on come be here/in fall asleep be asleep go out be outd. be+介词短语介词短语 go to school be in/at school join the Army be in the Army第66页/共81页第六十七页,共81页。e.去掉短语中的暂短性动词去掉短语中的暂短性动词 come to work work begin to study studyB. 把误句中表示一段时间把误句中表示一段时间(shjin)的状语改的状语改为表示过去时间为表示过去时间(shjin)的状语,原动词的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时的完成时改为过去时He come here three months ago.第67页/共81页第六十八页,共81页。C.用用 “It is/ has been +一段时间一段时间 +since(一般一般过去过去(guq)时时)”结构。结构。It is/ has been three months since he came here.D. 用用“多长时间多长时间+has passed + since(一般过去一般过去(guq)时时)”结构:结构: Three months has passed since he came here.第68页/共81页第六十九页,共81页。3) 暂短性动词现在完成时的否定式,已成为一种暂短性动词现在完成时的否定式,已成为一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语状语(zhungy)连用。如:连用。如:I havent heard form him for two weeks.He hasnt left here since 1990.4)暂短性动词的否定式同暂短性动词的否定式同until一起连用,构成一起连用,构成 “ not until”结构,表示这个动作直到结构,表示这个动作直到until所表所表达的时间到来时才发生。如:达的时间到来时才发生。如:We wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops. - When did you go to bed last night?-I didnt go to bed until my father got home.第69页/共81页第七十页,共81页。5) 在在while(表示表示一段时间一段时间)引导的从句中,不能用暂短性引导的从句中,不能用暂短性动词,但动词,但when可以可以(ky),因为,因为when可表示时间点,可表示时间点,也可表示时间段也可表示时间段误:误:While I got to the village, it was dark.正:正:When I got to the village, it was dark.6)暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如连用。如:误:误:How long have you borrow the book?正:正:How long have you kept the book? 正:正:When did you borrow the book?第70页/共81页第七十一页,共81页。2.延续性动词的用法延续性动词的用法(yn f)1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,可以与时间段连延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,可以与时间段连用:用:I have waited for him for nearly two hours.2)延续性动词不可以与时间点连用延续性动词不可以与时间点连用误:误: It rained at eight yesterday morning.正:正: It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.3) 在在until引导的时间状语中,若主句的谓语动词是延引导的时间状语中,若主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,既可以用肯定形式,也可以用否定形式续性动词,既可以用肯定形式,也可以用否定形式,但句子含义不同:,但句子含义不同:第71页/共81页第七十二页,共81页。She listened to the radio until her father came back.She didnt listen to the radio until her father came back.第72页/共81页第七十三页,共81页。1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be第73页/共81页第七十四页,共81页。1.The twins _(wash) the clothes for an hour.2.He _ (play) basketball since three years ago.3.How long _ Sally _(sing) yet?have washedhas playedhassung第74页/共81页第七十五页,共81页。第75页/共81页第七十六页,共81页。 -|-|-|- 那时以前那时以前 那时那时 现在现在(xinzi) 其结构是:其结构是:had + 过去分词过去分词2、过去完成时的用法:、过去完成时的用法: (1)过去完成时表示过去某一时刻)过去完成时表示过去某一时刻(shk)或者某一动作之前完成的动作或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态;句中常用或状态;句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. (2)过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻)过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻(shk)之前发生的动作之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。 Before he slept, he had worked(已工作)(已工作) for 12 hours.第76页/共81页第七十七页,共81页。 (3)在)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never(从未)(从未) been to Paris. (4)在过去不同时间发生的两个)在过去不同时间发生的两个(lin )动作中,发生在先,用过去完动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away(逃跑)(逃跑). (5)表示意向的动词,如)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示等,用过去完成时表示原本原本,未能,未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. (6)过去完成时的时间状语)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned(学)(学) some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to(开始)(开始) make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left(离开)(离开) when he arrived at the party. 第77页/共81页第七十八页,共81页。第78页/共81页第七十九页,共81页。1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 第79页/共81页第八十页,共81页。第80页/共81页第八十一页,共81页。
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