学术英语社科Unit

会计学1学术英语社科学术英语社科Unit 4 4We live in a world today that is increasingly more complex. Why are the living conditions of our times so different from those of earlier times? How will our lives change in the future? These are the questions that lead us to the study of sociology.The Study of Society and People第1页/共77页Unit 4The Study of Society and PeopleUnit ContentsLead-inText AText BListeningSpeakingWriting第2页/共77页Lead-inTask Listen to a talk twice and complete the following notes.Unit 4The Study of Society and People1 The questions the speaker raises in the talk are:a Why does everyone _ ? b Why cant people _?c Why is she spending her money _?d Why doesnt the government _?e Why is the state _in a _?f What about that _?2 Sociologists study _, look for _.need an SUVcarpoolon lottery ticketsinvest more in public transportationrunning a lotteryconvenience storecup of premium coffee you boughtsocial patterns that many people shareorganized and governedroot causes of such social patterns in the way society is 第3页/共77页 Text A Critical reading and thinking Difficult sentences English language for academic purpose Specialized vocabulary Collocations Formal and informal English Signpost languageUnit 4The Study of Society and People第4页/共77页Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text AUnit 4The Study of Society and People Text AnalysisHow do the authors develop the text? Tragic mass murder at Columbine High School Ethnic cleansing War in Kosovo How do the authors describe the world we live today in? awash with change, marked by deep conflicts, tensions, social divisions; marked by the destructive onslaught of modern technology1 Introduce the topic of sociology by using the example.第5页/共77页Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text AUnit 4The Study of Society and People Text Analysis2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions. What is sociology?Definition: the study of human social life, groups, and societies.Wide scope of sociological study: ranging from the analysis of passing encounters between individual on the street to the investigation of global social processes.How do the authors develop the text?第6页/共77页Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A Text AnalysislUsing the example of love to illustrate the nature and objectivities of sociology. Love expresses a mutual physical and personal attachment two individuals feel for one another. Falling in love is an experience arising from universal human emotions.How do the authors develop the text?Unit 4The Study of Society and People2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.第7页/共77页Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A Text Analysis Romantic love (Para 7)Among both rich and poor, the decision of whom to marry wasmade by family and kin. e.g. India (Para 8)However falling in love is not an experience most people across the world have; and having no connection with marriage. e.g. In the Middle age and for centuries after ward (Para. 6) How do the authors develop the text?Unit 4The Study of Society and People2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.第8页/共77页Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A Text AnalysislContent:Sociology studies human life and social and historical influences on it. Sociology shows the need to take a much broader view of why we are as we are, and why we act as we do. How do the authors develop the text?Unit 4The Study of Society and People2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.第9页/共77页Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A Text Analysise.g. comparison between common people and sociologists in explaining the mass murder. Common peoplesociologistsThe two teens were obsessed with the video game.Many commentators denounced the easy availability of weapons.Others saw the tragedy as a symbol of the emptiness of suburban life.Look beyond the surface of their actions;Study the social context;Compare this tragedy with other mass murders to see if there was a pattern in the group characteristics (social class, race, gender, age, or cultural background);How do the authors develop the text?Unit 4The Study of Society and People2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.第10页/共77页Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A Text AnalysislFunctions sociology serves: show us the need to look beyond the surface of peoples actions and study the social context; teach us to try to identify general patterns of behavior and be systematic in explaining the social influences on these patterns. How do the authors develop the text?Unit 4The Study of Society and People2 Explain what is sociology, including definition, scope, nature& objectives, content, and functions.第11页/共77页Text ACritical reading and thinking of Text A Text AnalysisHow do the authors develop the text?3 Explain how to think sociologically How to think sociologically? cultivate the sociological imagination. Thats to say: “Think ourselves away from the familiar routines of our daily lives in order to look at them anew.”Unit 4The Study of Society and People第12页/共77页Text ADifficult sentencesUnit 4The Study of Society and Peoplelpassing encounters (Para. 3) a short accidental meetinglThe opinions of prospective marriage partners are quite often taken into account, but by no means always. (Para. 8) In India, when parents arrange marriages they often listen to the opinions of their children, but sometimes they just do not consider their childrens wishes.第13页/共77页Text ADifficult sentencesUnit 4The Study of Society and PeoplelNeither romantic love, then, nor its association with marriage, can be understood as “given” features of human life. Rather, it has been shaped by broad social and historical influences. (Para. 9) Nowadays the idea of romantic love and its association with marriage is taken for granted as if it has always been like that. In fact it is not always the case and has suffered changes throughout history.第14页/共77页Text ADifficult sentencesUnit 4The Study of Society and PeoplelA sociologist is someone who is able to break free from the immediacy of personal circumstances and put things in a wider context. (Para. 13) (结合最后一句理解结合最后一句理解) A sociologist must learn to detach himself/herself to think ourselves away in order to observe things in a context wider than his/her own personal situations and arrive at fresh understandings. 第15页/共77页Specialized vocabulary social division social beingintellectual lifehuman emotionsocial classText AEnglish language for academic purposeUnit 4The Study of Society and People社会分工社会分工社会人社会人精神生活精神生活人类情感人类情感社会阶级社会阶级第16页/共77页Specialized vocabulary 人类社会生活人类社会生活全球社会进程全球社会进程婚姻幸福婚姻幸福公共场所公共场所社会环境社会环境行为模式行为模式文化背景文化背景Text AEnglish language for academic purposeUnit 4The Study of Society and Peopleglobal social processmarital happinesspublic placessocial contextpatterns of behaviorcultural backgroundhuman social life 第17页/共77页CollocationsText AEnglish language for academic purposebe awash withcontrol our destinyshape our livesbe skeptical ofin the form of marriagekeep property in the hands of familyin privatein the aftermath of easy availability of sth.a wide array of evidenceUnit 4The Study of Society and People第18页/共77页Signpost languageListingIt presents a list of items in no specific order.Text AEnglish language for academic purposeUnit 4The Study of Society and PeopleDo the task on Page 76.Words that signal a listing pattern:Words that predict a listing pattern:and, also, another, in addition to, first, second, third, firstly, secondly, finally, lastlycategories, kinds, types, ways, examples, groups, parts, etc.第19页/共77页Formal and informal EnglishText AEnglish language for academic purposeUnit 4The Study of Society and PeopleSee Page 76.第20页/共77页Task 1 The tree diagram below shows how the authors develop the text about the study of sociology. Fill in the blanks according to the text.Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and PeopleUsing the example of _.mass murder at Columbine High SchoolThe study of sociologyIntroducing the topic of sociology第21页/共77页Task 1 The tree diagram below shows how the authors develop the text about the study of sociology. Fill in the blanks according to the text.Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and PeopleSociology is the study of _.Using the example of _ to illustrate the _ of sociology.love nature and objectives The study of sociologyWhat is sociologyhuman social life, groups, and societies第22页/共77页Task 1 The tree diagram below shows how the authors develop the text about the study of sociology. Fill in the blanks according to the text.Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and PeopleSociology studies _ influences.The study of sociologyWhat does sociology study?social historical第23页/共77页Task 1 The tree diagram below shows how the authors develop the text about the study of sociology. Fill in the blanks according to the text.Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and PeopleSociology shows people the need to _.Sociology teaches people to _ and be systematic in explaining _.behavioral patternsThe study of sociologyWhat function does sociology serve?peoples actions look beyond the surface of identify general patterns of behaviorthe social influences on these 第24页/共77页Task 1 The tree diagram below shows how the authors develop the text about the study of sociology. Fill in the blanks according to the text.Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and PeopleCultivate _; “think ourselves away” from _.them anewThe study of sociologyHow to think sociologically?the imaginationthe familiar routines of our daily lives in order to look at 第25页/共77页Task 2 Answer the following questions.Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and People1 How does the author describe the world we live in today?2 Why does the author raise the three questions in Paragraph 2?3 Why do people fall in love according to the authors?4 Why did men and women marry in the Middle Ages?The author describes that the world we live in today is intensely worrying, yet full of the most extraordinary promise for the future.The author wants to show us what is the prime concern of sociology.Because love expresses mutual physical and personal attachment two individuals feel for one another.Mainly in order to keep property in the hands of family or to raise children to work the family farm.第26页/共77页Task 2 Answer the following questions.Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and People5 Where did romantic love make its first appearance?6 How were the relations between husband and wife among aristocratic groups?Its first appearance made in courtly circles.The relations are cool and distant. 第27页/共77页Task 2 Answer the following questions.Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and People7 What is basic to the sociological outlook?8 What are the differences between ordinary people and sociologists in explaining the mass murder at Columbine High School?Understanding the subtle yet complex and profound ways in which our individual lives reflect the contexts of our social experience is basic to the sociological outlook.Ordinary peoples explanations focus on the social causes of violence in the United States, whereas sociologists can bring an even deeper understanding. For example, sociologists might study other mass murders and consider if there was a pattern in the group characteristics.第28页/共77页Task 3 In Paragraph 12, the authors roughly explain how a sociologist would study the Columbine High School massacre. Suppose you were a sociologist, work in pairs and examine the case. You may:Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and People1 Search the Internet for more information about the mass murder, the U.S. young generation, their living conditions etc.2 Explore the case like a sociologist.3 Have a discussion about it with your partner.4 Report your findings to the class.第29页/共77页Task 4 Consider the simple act of a Chinese drinking a cup of coffee. Work in pairs and explore the behavior from a sociologists view. Think about:Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and People What is coffee? What does it symbolize?Coffee is not just a refreshment. It possesses symbolic value as part of our day-to-day social activities. Often the ritual associated with coffee drinking is much more important than the act of consuming the drink itself. Two people who arrange to meet for coffee are probably more interested in getting together and chatting than in what they actually drink.第30页/共77页Task 4 Consider the simple act of a Chinese drinking a cup of coffee. Work in pairs and explore the behavior from a sociologists view. Think about:Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and People What are the relations between coffee drinkers and the people involved in the production, transport, and distribution of coffee?An individual who drinks a cup of coffee is caught up in a complicated set of social and economic relationships stretching across the world. The production, transport, and distribution of coffee require continuous transactions between people thousands of miles away from the coffee drinker. Studying such global transactions is an important task of sociology, since many aspects of our lives are now affected by worldwide social influences and communications.第31页/共77页Task 4 Consider the simple act of a Chinese drinking a cup of coffee. Work in pairs and explore the behavior from a sociologists view. Think about:Text ASuggested answersCritical reading and thinkingUnit 4The Study of Society and PeopleWhat does the Chinese peoples act of sipping a cup of coffee remind you of? (e.g. social and economic development, Western lifestyles, origin of coffee etc.)The act of sipping a cup of coffee presumes a whole process of past social and economic development. Along with other now-familiar items of Western diets like tea, bananas, potatoes, and white sugar coffee only became widely consumed from the late 1800s. Although the drink originated in the Middle East, its mass consumption dates from the period of Western colonial expansion about a century and a half ago.第32页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 Specialized vocabulary1Translate the following sociological terms from English into Chinese or vice versa.Unit 4The Study of Society and People1 social division2 social being3 intellectual life4 human emotion5 social class6 人类的社会生活人类的社会生活社会分工社会分工社会人社会人精神生活精神生活人类情感人类情感社会阶级社会阶级human social life第33页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 Specialized vocabulary1Translate the following sociological terms from English into Chinese or vice versa.Unit 4The Study of Society and People7 全球的社会进程全球的社会进程8 婚姻幸福婚姻幸福9 公共场所公共场所10 和他人交往和他人交往11 社会环境社会环境12 行为模式行为模式13 文化背景文化背景socialize with othersglobal social processmarital happinesscultural background public placessocial contextpatterns of behavior第34页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 Specialized vocabulary2Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the terms in the box.Unit 4The Study of Society and Peoplecultural background intellectual life marital happinesspattern of behavior public place social class1 This study examines the effects of _ on the acceptation of information and communications technology in developing countries.2 _ is a judgment made by a spouse that indicates the sense of well-being or satisfaction he or she experiences in the marital relationship.3 When sociologists talk of _, they refer to a group of individuals who occupy a similar position in the economic system of production.cultural background Marital happinesssocial class第35页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 1 Specialized vocabulary2Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the terms in the box.Unit 4The Study of Society and Peoplecultural background intellectual life marital happinesspattern of behavior public place social class4 If we understand that a child works to perfect the adult she or he will become, then we must look at the _ that emerge in childhood as indicators of the adult personality.5 It is now common practice for smoking to be banned in workplaces suchas offices and in other enclosed _ such as cinemas, buses and trains.6 Yale Law School enhances the _ of its academic community by sponsoring a variety of centers, programs, and workshops, inspired by the interests of its faculty and students.pattern of behavior public placesintellectual life 第36页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 2 Signpost languageComplete the sentences with the words and expressions listed above. There may be more than one correct answer.Unit 4The Study of Society and People1 A new security system was installed. _, extra guards were hired.2 _, I would like to thank all those people who helped make the conference such a success.3 _ catching errors, object-oriented systems can shelter the user from the complexity of dealing with lots of different kinds of data.4 _, Jack would not allow it, and _, I dont think mom would like it much either.In additionFinallyIn addition tosecondFirst第37页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 2 Signpost languageComplete the sentences with the words and expressions listed above. There may be more than one correct answer.Unit 4The Study of Society and People5 Here are some quick hints that can help make revision easier. _, set your first draft aside for a while. You can then come back to the draft with a fresh, more objective point of view. _, in revising a paper, you should read and reread it several times, for it is impossible to notice all the errors and things that need changing in one or two hasty readings. _, as you read your paper, add your thoughts and changes above the lines or in the margins of your paper. Your written comments can serve as a guide when you work on the next draft.FinallyFirstSecond第38页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 3 Formal EnglishReplace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.1 Romantic love first made its appearance in courtly circles as a characteristic of extramarital sexual adventures indulged in by members of the aristocracy.appearedKey:2 A brief example will provide an initial taste of the nature and objectives of sociology.Key:goals3 The theory might assert that high inflation arises when the government prints too much money.Key:appearsUnit 4The Study of Society and People第39页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 3 Formal EnglishReplace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life. 4 Sociology demonstrates the need to take a much broader view of why we are as we are, and why we act as we do.showsKey:5 Some countries are industrializing and may suffer some of the disruptions that analogous parts of the West encountered at similar stages of their development early in the 20th century.Key:met6 Learning to think sociologically looking, in other words, at the broader view means cultivating the imagination.Key:developingUnit 4The Study of Society and People第40页/共77页Language building-upText ASuggested answersTask 3 Formal EnglishReplace the underlined words in the following sentences with the ones that are more daily-life.7 we need to imagine, for example, what the experience of sex and marriage is like for people the majority of humankind until recently to whom ideals of romantic love appear alien or even