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第三篇第三篇写作写作第三章读写任务第三章读写任务第一节读写任务的摘要写作第一节读写任务的摘要写作专题一记叙文的摘要写作专题一记叙文的摘要写作对记叙文进行概括时，要抓住原文的人对记叙文进行概括时，要抓住原文的人物、事件、结果三大要素。有些记叙文的结物、事件、结果三大要素。有些记叙文的结尾有一个点题句，表达深刻内涵或故事带给尾有一个点题句，表达深刻内涵或故事带给人们的启示，在写摘要时需要把故事寓意表人们的启示，在写摘要时需要把故事寓意表达出来。达出来。阅读下面的短文，阅读下面的短文， 然后以约然后以约30词概括这篇短词概括这篇短文的主要内容。文的主要内容。One beautiful spring day, a red rose came out in a forest.As it looked around, a pine tree nearby said, “What a beautiful flower! I wish I was that lovely.” Another tree said, “Dont be sad, we cant have everything.”一、观摩领悟一、观摩领悟The red rose looked at a cactus (仙人掌仙人掌)and said, “What an ugly plant full of thorns (刺刺)！” The pine tree said, “Red rose, what kind of talk is this? Who can say what beauty is? You have thorns，too.”The proud red rose looked angrily at the pine and said, “You dont know what beauty is.You cant compare me to a cactus.”Spring passed, and the weather became very warm.Life became difficult as no rain fell.The red rose was dying.One day the red rose saw birds suck water from the cactus.“Doesnt it hurt when they bite into the cactus？” asked the red rose. “ “Yes, but the cactus does not like to see any birds suffer，” replied the pine.“The birds can bring water to you if you ask the cactus for help.”But the red rose felt too ashamed of its past words to ask.【结构分析与解读结构分析与解读】阅读材料属于记叙文阅读材料属于记叙文(故事性文章故事性文章)，写好摘要写好摘要要从记叙文的几个要素入手要从记叙文的几个要素入手，首先要找出文章的主首先要找出文章的主人公人公(rose和和cactus)，然后找出主人公做过的核心事然后找出主人公做过的核心事情情(cactus贡献自己贡献自己)，最后点明故事的启示即故事的最后点明故事的启示即故事的作者想要说明的道理作者想要说明的道理(beauty was not the only thing)。 参考范文参考范文A proud rose thought it was superior to other plants because of its beauty.But it later learnt that beauty was not the only thing when it saw the cactus helping thirsty birds.1由于记叙文的要点并非十分集中，其摘要写由于记叙文的要点并非十分集中，其摘要写作可运用以下三种方法。作可运用以下三种方法。(1)串联要素法。从记叙文的六要素入手，即找串联要素法。从记叙文的六要素入手，即找出原文中的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果出原文中的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果(when, where, who, what，why and how)，然后用自，然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。(2)转述法。找出文中或段中的主题句和结论句，转述法。找出文中或段中的主题句和结论句，然后用自己的话来表达。然后用自己的话来表达。二、写作指导二、写作指导 (3)移花接木法。在阅读材料中找一些可以利用移花接木法。在阅读材料中找一些可以利用的论点、论据等，再用自己的话来进行阐释，用以充的论点、论据等，再用自己的话来进行阐释，用以充实文章内容，达到移花接木的效果，但切勿抄袭原文。实文章内容，达到移花接木的效果，但切勿抄袭原文。2注意事项。注意事项。由于字数有限制，所以在写摘要时还应采取一由于字数有限制，所以在写摘要时还应采取一些必要的手段来进行削些必要的手段来进行削“枝枝”去去“叶叶”，减少字数。，减少字数。因此我们建议在写的时候尽量省略细节、例子和重复因此我们建议在写的时候尽量省略细节、例子和重复的内容，使用概括性语言和短而精的连词，如的内容，使用概括性语言和短而精的连词，如but, and, besides等来进行概括等来进行概括。 3必备词句。必备词句。记叙文摘要的开头语记叙文摘要的开头语(第一段开头语第一段开头语)：From the passage, we know that.According to the passage, we know that.The story/passage is about.The writer/author tells us about.The story mainly tells us that. 4写作要点。写作要点。记叙文摘要的写作可参照以下两个模板。记叙文摘要的写作可参照以下两个模板。(1)没有寓意只有单纯介绍事件的记叙文摘要要没有寓意只有单纯介绍事件的记叙文摘要要素：素：人物人物事件事件结果结果(2)篇末有表示文章内涵的记叙文摘要要素：篇末有表示文章内涵的记叙文摘要要素：人物人物事件事件结果结果启示启示阅读下面的短文阅读下面的短文， 然后以约然后以约30词概括这篇短文词概括这篇短文的主要内容。的主要内容。(A)There was a Nebraska farmer who grew awardwinning corn.Each year he entered the districts farming competition where his corn always came out on top and won the blue ribbon.u即学即即学即练练One year a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learned something interesting about how he grew it.To his great surprise, the reporter discovered that each year the farmer shared his corn seed with his neighbors. “ “Why do you share your best seed with your neighbors when they are competing against you？” the reporter asked.The farmers reply made everything clear. “ “Why sir，” said the farmer, “didnt you know? The wind will blow corn pollen (花粉花粉)from field to field.If my neighbors grow poor corn, it will affect the quality of my corn.If I am to grow good corn，I must help my neighbors grow good corn.”His corn cannot improve unless his neighbors corn also improves.And so it is in life.If we cooperate and help each other out, life can get better for everyone, and the benefits can be shared by all.But if we think only of ourselves, our selfishness will not only hurt others but it may come back to hurt us._参考范文参考范文1In the passage the writer uses the story of the awardwinning farmer who shares his best corn seed with his neighbors to teach us that we all can benefit when we cooperate and share with each other.参考范文参考范文2The writer teaches us that we all benefit more when we cooperate and share with each other by telling the story of the awardwinning farmer who shares his corn seeds with his neighbors.(B)I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago.It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around.People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes.Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go waterskiing alone.I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible. The lake seemed broad and endless.I was so thrilled(激动激动)to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I spent my motorboat.Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake.A sudden fear came around me.I didnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore.What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy.I rode everywhere but couldnt find my way back，it was useless for me to cry or shout for help.I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things.After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name.Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt.I couldnt say a word but cried out in my fathers arms._参考范文参考范文The writer went waterskiing alone when she was on a trip to a lake in Indonesia.She was excited first but later got lost on the lake.Fortunately her father finally came to rescue her.
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