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温故而知新，下笔如有神。近2年英语六级考练习题第2套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C),and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in London.D) It displays albums by new music talents.2.A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3.A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4.A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6. A) Her previous debt hadnt been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C) She had apparently asked for too much.D) She didnt pay her mortgage in time.7. A) Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy a piece of property.C) Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fundraising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Build up her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to improve farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard.11.A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C) It causes hardly any pollution.D) It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expand business outside the UK.C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D) It has joined hands with Sainsburys to sell pet insects.13.A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurts his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14.A) They are more tasty than beef,chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads.C) They contain more protein than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15.A) It is environmentally friendly.B) It is a promising industry. C) It requires new technology. D) It saves huge amount of labor.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17.A) It was defective. B) It was misguided.C) It was original in design.D) It was thought-provoking.18.A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20.A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have house of their own.21.A) Loss of workers personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers creativity.C) Deterioration of workers mental health.D) Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23.A) The citys airports are outdated.B) The city had just been reunified.C) The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24.A) The municipal government kept changing hands.B) The construction firm breached the contract.C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction.D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25.A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B) All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D) Complaints by local residents increase.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the worlds urban population is breathing air that fails to meet World Health Organization guidelines, and an estimated 4.5 million people died 26 from outdoor air pollution in 2015.Globally, urban populations are expected to double in the next 40 years. An extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, services and ways to move around their cities. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will 27 the everyday lives and health of the coming generations. So what would the components of a smog-free, or at least low-pollution, city be like?Traffic has become 28 with air pollution, and many countries intend to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in the next two decades. But simply 29 to electric cars will not mean pollution-free cities. The level of emissions they cause will depend on how the electricity to run them is 30 , while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne 31 as they wear out.Across the developed world, car use is in decline as more people move to city centers, while young people especially are 32 for other means of travel. Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its 33 and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this 34 , instead laying new roads to tackle traffic jams.As users of Londons orbital M25 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies have shown that doubling the size of a road can 35 double the traffic, taking us back to the starting point.A) alternateF) mergedK) prematurelyB) crownG) miniatures L) simplyC) determineH) optingM) switchingD) generatedI) particlesN) synonymousE) locating J) peakO) trendSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Much Protein Do You Really Need?A The marketing is tempting: Get stronger muscles and healthier bodies with minimal effort by adding protein powder to your morning shake or juice drink. Or grab a protein bar at lunch or for a quick snack. Today, you can find protein supplements everywhereonline or at the pharmacy, grocery store or health food store. They come in powders, pills and bars.With more than $12 billion in sales this year, the industry is booming and, according to the market research company, Grand View Research, is on track to sell billions more by 2025. But do we really need all this supplemental protein? It depends. There are pros, cons and some ho-hums to consider.B For starters, protein is critical for every cell in our body. It helps build nails, hair, bones and muscles. It can also help you feel fuller longer than eating foods without protein. And, unlike nutrients that are found only in a few foods, protein is present in all foods. “The typical American diet is a lot higher in protein than a lot of us think,” says registered dietitian Angela Pipitone. “Its in foods many of us expect, such as beef, chicken and other types of meat and dairy. But its also in foods that may not come immediately to mind like vegetables, fruit, beans and grains.”C The U.S. governments recommended daily allowance (RDA) for the average adult is 50 to 60 grams of protein a day. This may sound like a lot, but Pipitone says: “We get bits of protein here and there and that really adds up throughout the day.”Take, for example, breakfast. If you ate two eggs topped with a little bit of cheese and an orange on the side, you already have 22 grams of protein. Each egg gives you 7 grams, the cheese gives you about 6 grams and the orangeabout 2 grams. Add a lunch of chicken, rice and broccoli, and you are already over the recommended 50 grams. “You can get enough protein and meet the RDA before you even get to dinner,” says Pipitone.D So if its so easy to get your protein in food, why add more in the form of powders, snack bars or a boost at your local juice bar? No need to, says Pipitone because, in fact, most of us already get enough protein in our diet.“Whole foods are always the best option rather than adding supplements,” she says, noting the FDA does not regulate supplements as rigorously as foods or drugs.So there could be less protein, more sugar and some additives you wouldnt expect, such as caffeine.E If you are considering a supplement, read the list of ingredients, she says, although this is not always reliable. “Ive seen very expensive protein supplements that claim to be high quality but they might not really be beneficial for the average healthy adult,” she says. “It could just be a waste of money.”F But there are certain situations that do warrant extra protein. “Anytime youre repairing or building muscle,” Pipitone says, such as if youre an extreme endurance athlete, training for a marathon, or youre a body builder.If youre moderately exercising for 150 minutes a week, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends, or less than that, youre probably not an extreme athlete.Extreme athletes expend lots of energy breaking down and repairing and building muscles. Protein can give them the edge they need to speed that process.G Vegans can benefit from protein supplements since they do not eat animal-based protein sources like meat, dairy or eggs. And, for someone always on-the-go who may not have time for a meal, a protein snack bar can be a good option for occasional meal replacement.Also, individuals recovering from surgery or an injury can also benefit from extra protein. So, too, can older people. At around age 60, “muscles really start to break down,” says Kathryn Starr, an aging researcher, “and because of that, the protein needs of an older adult actually increases.”H In fact, along with her colleague Connie Bales, Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles. Participants in the study were separated into two groupsone group was asked to eat 30 grams of protein per meal in the form of whole foods. That meant they were eating 90 grams of protein a day. The other groupthe control groupwas put on a typical low-calorie diet with about 50 to 60 grams of protein a day.After six months, researchers found the high protein group had significantly improved their muscle functionalmost twice as much as the control group.“They were able to walk faster, had improved balance, and were also able to get up out of a chair faster than the control group,” Starr says.All 67 participants were over 60 years of age, and both groups lost about the same amount of weight.I Starr is now looking into whether high-protein diets also improve the quality of the muscle itself in seniors. Shes using CT scans to measure muscle size and fat, and comparing seniors on a high-protein diet to those on regular diets. She says her findings should be available in a couple of months.J In the meantime, 70-year-old Corliss Keith, who was in the high protein group in Starrs latest study, says she feels a big difference. “I feel excellent,” she says. “I feel like I have a different body, I have more energy, Im stronger.” She says she is able to take Zumba exercise classes three times a week, work out on the treadmill, and take long, brisk walks. Keith also lost more than 15 pounds. “Im a fashionable person, so now Im back in my 3-inch heels,” she says.K As people age, Starr says muscle strength is key to helping them stay strong and continue living on their own in their own home. “I feel very much alive now,” says Keith. “I feel like I could stay by myself until Im 100.”L But can people overdo protein? Pipitone says you do have to be careful. Other researchers say too much protein can cause nausea, headaches, and fatigue.Dehydration is also a risk when you eat too much protein. Pipitone says if you increase protein, you also have to increase your fluid intake. “I always tell people to make sure theyre drinking enough fluids,” which for the average person is 60 to 70 ounces a day, which translates into eight 8-ounce glasses of water or liquid per day.M There have been some indications that extra protein makes the kidneys work harder, which could be problematic for individuals with a history of kidney disease and for them, the supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones, she says.N Bottom line, if you think you need more protein in your diet, consider these questions: Are you are an extreme athlete; are you recovering from injury or surgery; or are you 60 years or older?If so, adding high protein foods like eggs and meat products to your diet can be beneficial.And, if youre not sure, it is always a good idea to check with your primary care provider.36. It is quite easy for one to take in the recommended amount of protein.37. Pipitone claims that healthy adults need not spend money on protein supplements.38. The protein supplement business is found to be thriving.39. Protein can speed the repairing of damaged muscles.40. Protein supplements may overburden some internal organ, thus leading to its malfunctioning.41. Older adults need to take in more protein to keep their muscles strong.42. Protein is found in more foods than people might realize.43. Additional protein was found to help strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss.44. Pipitone believes that whole foods provide the best source of protein.45. People are advised to drink more liquid when they take in more protein.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Last year, a child was born at ahospital in the UK with her heart outside her body. Few babies survive this rare condition, and those who do must endure numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs.When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughters birth, she was asked if she was prepared for what might be a daunting task caring for her. She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a “privilege”.Rarely has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful psychological tools. Our attitudes allow us to turn mistakes into opportunities, and loss into the chance for new beginnings. An attitude is a settled way of thinking, feeling and/or behaving towards particular objects, people, events or ideologies. We use our attitudes to filter, interpret and react to the world around us. You werent born with attitudes. Theyre all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in your presence. As you acquire adistinctive identity, your attitudes are further refined by the behaviors of those with whom you identifyyour family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally. Friendships and other important relationships become increasingly important, particularly during adolescence.About that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refine your attitudes.Many people assume that our attitudes are internally consistent, that is, the way you think and feel about someone or something predicts your behavior towards them. However, many studies have found that feelings and thoughts dont necessarily predict behavior.In general, your attitudes will be internally consistent only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you hold similar beliefs. Thats why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but dont behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating you believe something is a good idea.One of the most effective ways to change an attitude is to start behaving as if you already feel and think the way youd prefer to. Take some time to reflect on your attitudes, to think about what you believe and why. Is there anything you consider a burden rather than a privilege? If so, start behavingright nowas if that is
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