语法互动十一非谓语动词

语法互动（十一）非谓语动词语法互动（十一）非谓语动词名名 师师 点点 睛睛名名 师师 点点 睛睛考考 点点 过过 关关考考 点点 过过 关关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词名名 师师 点点 睛睛 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词，没有人称非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词，没有人称和数的变化。中考侧重对不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语和数的变化。中考侧重对不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语的考查。的考查。考点一动词不定式考点一动词不定式1 1作主语作主语不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数，常用于不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数，常用于itit作形式主语的句型作形式主语的句型中。如：中。如：To ask the teacher for help is necessary. To ask the teacher for help is necessary. It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老师求救是必要的。向老师求救是必要的。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词2 2作宾语作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的动词有常接不定式作宾语的动词有want, like, hope, agree,want, like, hope, agree,decide, wish, learn, remember decide, wish, learn, remember 等。如：等。如：I hope _ there before dark.I hope _ there before dark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。我希望天黑以前到那儿。 提醒提醒 在在 think, find, make think, find, make 等动词后常用等动词后常用 it it 作形作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。如：式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。如：I found it difficult _ the problem. I found it difficult _ the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。我发现解决这个问题很难。to get to get to solve to solve 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词3 3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell, ask, allow, want,tell, ask, allow, want,help, wish, teach, warn, encouragehelp, wish, teach, warn, encourage等。等。 如：如：Ill ask Tom _ with me.Ill ask Tom _ with me.我将邀请汤姆和我一起去。我将邀请汤姆和我一起去。 提醒提醒 常见的后接不带常见的后接不带toto的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有hear, see, watch, let, have, makehear, see, watch, let, have, make等。如：等。如：I often see them _ basketball on theI often see them _ basketball on theplayground. playground. 我经常看见他们在操场上玩。我经常看见他们在操场上玩。to go to go play play 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词4. 4. 作状语作状语不定式作状语，修饰动词、形容词和副词，表示目的、结果、不定式作状语，修饰动词、形容词和副词，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。中考重点考查不定式作目的状语。原因、条件等。中考重点考查不定式作目的状语。 如：如：Later he left home _ in different cities.Later he left home _ in different cities.后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。5 5作定语作定语( (须后置须后置) )I dont have a partner to practice English with.I dont have a partner to practice English with.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。6 6用在用在how, when, where, what, whichhow, when, where, what, which等疑问词之后。等疑问词之后。如：如：He didnt know what to do next.He didnt know what to do next.他不知道接下来做什么。他不知道接下来做什么。to work to work 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词考点二动名词考点二动名词1. 1. 作主语作主语动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.过多地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。过多地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。2 2作宾语作宾语常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish,enjoy, finish,consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be consider, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant helpbusy, feel like, give up, cant help等。如：等。如：Have you finished reading the book?Have you finished reading the book?你读完这本书了吗？你读完这本书了吗？名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词3 3作表语作表语The nurses job is taking care of the patients.The nurses job is taking care of the patients.护士的工作是护理病人。护士的工作是护理病人。4 4作定语作定语I often go to the reading room. I often go to the reading room. 我经常去阅览室。我经常去阅览室。 提醒提醒 有些词既可接不定式又可接有些词既可接不定式又可接v.v.inging形式作宾语，形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同，常见的有：但表达的意义不同，常见的有：(1)stop to do sth.(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事停下来去做另外一件事( (不定式作目的不定式作目的状语状语) )stop doing sth.stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事( (动名词作宾语动名词作宾语) )(2)try to do sth. (2)try to do sth. 试图试图/ /企图做某事企图做某事 try doing sth.try doing sth.尝试着做某事尝试着做某事名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词(3)forget to do sth.(3)forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事忘记要去做某事( (还没做还没做) )forget doing sth.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事忘记做过某事( (已做已做) )(4)remember to do sth.(4)remember to do sth.记着要去做某事记着要去做某事( (还没做还没做) )remember doing sth.remember doing sth.记得做过某事记得做过某事( (已做已做) )(5)go on to do sth.(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的同一件事继续做原来所做的同一件事(6)sth.need doing(6)sth.need doing(某事某事) )需要被做需要被做( (含被动意思含被动意思) )need to do sth.need to do sth.需要去做某事需要去做某事( (含主动意思含主动意思) )名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词考点三分词考点三分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词有主动、进行之分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。1 1作定语作定语China is a developing country. America is a developedChina is a developing country. America is a developedcountry.country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。I know the boy called Li Ming. I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2 2作表语作表语The book is interesting. Im interested in it. The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣，这本书很有趣， 我对它很感兴趣。我对它很感兴趣。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词3 3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语I saw her going upstairs. I saw her going upstairs. 我看见她正在上楼。我看见她正在上楼。I want to have some photos taken. I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍几张照片。我想拍几张照片。4 4作状语作状语Laughing and talking, they went into the room.Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。他们有说有笑地走进了房间。Faced with difficultiesFaced with difficulties，we must try to overcomewe must try to overcomethem. them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词考考 点点 过过 关关根据句意及汉语提示完成句子根据句意及汉语提示完成句子1. _(1. _(找到找到) a book in the library) a book in the library，enter aenter a key word into the computer. key word into the computer.2 2Whenever you have a chance _(Whenever you have a chance _(说说)English)English， you should take it.you should take it.3 3Parents often warn children _Parents often warn children _ ( (不踢足球不踢足球) on) on the road. Its dangerous. the road. Its dangerous.4 4When the national flag goes upWhen the national flag goes up，it makes meit makes me _( _(感觉感觉) proud.) proud.To find To find to speak to speak not to play football not to play football feel feel 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词5 5Would you like _ (Would you like _ (爬爬)the Wutong Mountain)the Wutong Mountain tomorrow? tomorrow? If my mother _ ( If my mother _ (允许允许) )，Ill go with you.Ill go with you.6 6More and more young people are trying to doMore and more young people are trying to do something to_ ( something to_ (照顾照顾)the old.)the old.7 7Mr. Li often encouraged his son _(Mr. Li often encouraged his son _(做做) well) well in school. in school.to climb to climb allows allows look after/take care of look after/take care of to do to do 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十一）语法互动（十一） 非谓语动词非谓语动词8 8_(_(节省节省)the energy)the energy，turn off the lightturn off the light before leaving the room. before leaving the room.9 9Helen often asks her students _ (Helen often asks her students _ (不游泳不游泳) ) in rivers, because its not safe. in rivers, because its not safe.1010Why not _ (Why not _ (参加参加)an English club to)an English club to practice speaking English? practice speaking English?To save To save not to swim not to swim join join 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）主谓一致语法互动（十二）主谓一致名名 师师 点点 睛睛名名 师师 点点 睛睛考考 点点 过过 关关考考 点点 过过 关关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致名名 师师 点点 睛睛 主谓一致主要掌握它的三个原则：就近一致原则、意义主谓一致主要掌握它的三个原则：就近一致原则、意义一致原则和语法一致原则。一致原则和语法一致原则。考点一就近一致原则考点一就近一致原则1. there be 1. there be 句型。当主语是系列事物时，谓语与邻近的主句型。当主语是系列事物时，谓语与邻近的主语保持一致。语保持一致。如：如：There is a table and two chairs in the room.There is a table and two chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。There are two chairs and a table in the room.There are two chairs and a table in the room.房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致2. either2. eitheror, neitheror, neithernor, not onlynor, not onlybut alsobut also等连接并等连接并列主语时，谓语动词跟邻近后者的主语保持一致。列主语时，谓语动词跟邻近后者的主语保持一致。如：如：Neither you nor he is right.Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。你和他都不对。Either you or I am wrong. Either you or I am wrong. 不是你就是我错了。不是你就是我错了。Not only he but also I _ invited.Not only he but also I _ invited.不仅他被邀请了我也被邀请了。不仅他被邀请了我也被邀请了。am am 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致考点二意义一致原则考点二意义一致原则1. 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度等的复数形式名词作表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度等的复数形式名词作主语时，常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。主语时，常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：如：Twenty years is a long time.Twenty years is a long time.二十年是一段很长的时间。二十年是一段很长的时间。Ten dollars _ enough. Ten dollars _ enough. 十美元足够了。十美元足够了。2. 2. 以以s s 结尾的名词结尾的名词(news, maths, physics(news, maths, physics等等) )，本身不表复，本身不表复数意义，谓语动词常用单数形式。数意义，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：如：Maths isnt very hard.Maths isnt very hard.数学不是很难。数学不是很难。I dont think the news in the newspaper is true.I dont think the news in the newspaper is true.我认为报纸上的消息不是真的。我认为报纸上的消息不是真的。is is 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致3 3“the the 形容词形容词”( (如如the poor, the rich, the oldthe poor, the rich, the old等等) )表表示示“一类人一类人”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：如：The old _ taken good care of in this area.The old _ taken good care of in this area.这个地区的老人被照顾得很好。这个地区的老人被照顾得很好。4 4集体名词集体名词( (如如family, class, team, groupfamily, class, team, group等等) )作主语时，若作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指具体成员，谓语动词指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。用复数形式。people, policepeople, police等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：如：Class 5 is the best class in our school.Class 5 is the best class in our school.五班是我们学校最好的班级。五班是我们学校最好的班级。 Class 5 _ the winners.Class 5 _ the winners.五班是胜利者。五班是胜利者。are are areare名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致The Chinese people are very friendly. The Chinese people are very friendly. 中国人是很友好的。中国人是很友好的。5. each 5. each 作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与与 each each 无关。无关。如：如：They each have a bike. They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车。他们每人有一辆自行车。6. 6. 代词代词( (如如some, all, none, anysome, all, none, any等等) )作主语时，若表示作主语时，若表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数意义，谓语单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。动词用复数形式。如：如：Some of the work was done by me.Some of the work was done by me.一些工作是由我来做的。一些工作是由我来做的。Some of the students work hard.Some of the students work hard.一些学生学习很努力。一些学生学习很努力。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致7 7由由andand连接的两个名词作主语，指同一概念时，谓语连接的两个名词作主语，指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。如：如：The doctor and writer is very famous.The doctor and writer is very famous.这位医生兼作家非常出名。这位医生兼作家非常出名。8 8书名、报纸名、国家等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词书名、报纸名、国家等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。用单数。如：如：The United States is a developed country.The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。美国是一个发达国家。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致考点三语法一致原则考点三语法一致原则1. 1. 介词或介词短语作插入语。主语后有介词或介词短语作插入语。主语后有with, togetherwith, togetherwith, including, besides, except, butwith, including, besides, except, but等引导的短语作等引导的短语作插入语时，谓语动词与主语一致，与插入语无关。插入语时，谓语动词与主语一致，与插入语无关。如：如：Mary with her mother _ shopping now. Mary with her mother _ shopping now. 现在玛丽和她妈妈正在一起购物。现在玛丽和她妈妈正在一起购物。2. 2. 非谓语动词作主语或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。非谓语动词作主语或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：如：Doing a lot of practice is a good way to improveDoing a lot of practice is a good way to improveyour English. your English. 做大量练习是提高你英语的好方法。做大量练习是提高你英语的好方法。is is 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致3. 3. 不定代词不定代词something, anything, nothing, everybody,something, anything, nothing, everybody,one, neither one, neither 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：如：Someone is waiting for you.Someone is waiting for you.有人正在等你。有人正在等你。4. 4. 常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词( (如如shoes, pants, clothesshoes, pants, clothes等等) )作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但当这些名词有作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但当这些名词有a paira pairofof或或pairs of pairs of 修饰时，谓语动词由修饰时，谓语动词由pairpair的单复数决定。的单复数决定。如：如：The shoes _ under the bed.The shoes _ under the bed.鞋子在床下。鞋子在床下。A pair of shoes is under the bed.A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下面有一双鞋。床下面有一双鞋。are are 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致5. “one of 5. “one of 名词复数形式名词复数形式”和和“the number ofthe number of名词名词复数形式复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：如：One of the boys is interested in the story.One of the boys is interested in the story.其中有一个男孩子对这个故事感兴趣。其中有一个男孩子对这个故事感兴趣。The number of the students in the school is 2The number of the students in the school is 2，000. 000. 这所学校的学生人数是这所学校的学生人数是20002000。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致6 6“many a (more than one)many a (more than one)单数名词单数名词”作主语，谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。用单数。如：如：More than one student is fond of playing computer games.More than one student is fond of playing computer games.不止一个学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。不止一个学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。7 7“a lot of, lots of, plenty ofa lot of, lots of, plenty of名词名词”和和“分数或百分分数或百分数名词数名词”等作主语，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致。等作主语，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致。如：如：Three fifths of the forest was destroyed.Three fifths of the forest was destroyed.五分之三的森林被毁坏了。五分之三的森林被毁坏了。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致8 8在定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, whichthat, who, which等作主语时，等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。如：如：This is the boy who wants to see you.This is the boy who wants to see you.这就是想要见你的那个男孩。这就是想要见你的那个男孩。9 9在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语的数保持一在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语的数保持一致。致。如：如：Here are some flowers and some money for you.Here are some flowers and some money for you.这儿有一些为你准备的花和钱。这儿有一些为你准备的花和钱。名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致考考 点点 过过 关关1. David, there _ a dictionary and some1. David, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Are they yours? books on your desk. Are they yours? A. is A. isB Bareare C Chave Dhave DHasHas2. Not only you but also he _ Paris. 2. Not only you but also he _ Paris. A. have been to B A. have been to Bhas gone to has gone to C Chas been to Dhas been to Dhave gone in have gone in A A C C 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致3 3This year, Zhang Hao, one of the best studentsThis year, Zhang Hao, one of the best students， _ to work for the Olympic Games. _ to work for the Olympic Games. A Ais choosing Bis choosing Bare chosen are chosen C Cwas choosing D. was chosenwas choosing D. was chosen4 4The number of the students who go to the summerThe number of the students who go to the summer camp _two hundred. Only one quarter of them camp _two hundred. Only one quarter of them _ girls. _ girls. A Ais; is B. is; areis; is B. is; are C Care; is Dare; is Dare; are are; are D D B B 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致5. Look! Some people _ photos in the park. 5. Look! Some people _ photos in the park. A. took B A. took Btake take C Care taking D. were takingare taking D. were taking6 6We are glad to see that the old _veryWe are glad to see that the old _very well in the old peoples home. well in the old peoples home. A. is looked over B. look after A. is looked over B. look after C. is looked after D. are looked after C. is looked after D. are looked afterC C D D 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致 7. Neither my brother nor my father _interested7. Neither my brother nor my father _interested in the film. in the film. A. are B A. are Bisis C Cam Dam Dwere were 8. The news _very interesting! Tell me more. 8. The news _very interesting! Tell me more. A. is B A. is Bareare C. were D C. were Dwas was B B A A 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关语法互动（十二）语法互动（十二） 主谓一致主谓一致9 9Everyone except her parents _ there then. Everyone except her parents _ there then. A. are B A. are Bisis C Cwas D. werewas D. were1010Do you need more time to finish the work?Do you need more time to finish the work? Yes, another ten days _ enough. Yes, another ten days _ enough. A. are B A. are Bis is C. was D. were C. was D. wereC C B B 名师点睛名师点睛考点过关考点过关