深圳市中考英语阅读理解专题讲解

深圳市中考英语阅读理解专题讲解 历年阅读理解体裁和内容分析：近几年的中考阅读理解题材包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；涵盖了 寓言故事、广告、时政、娱乐、人物传记等等。信息量大，趣味性强，又不乏教 育意义。这些话题贴近日常生活和时代主题。主要以说明文、记叙文居多。如10年的上海世博会深圳展馆介绍、11年的大运会熊 猫的到来。这些都是社会关注的焦点，考生也是相当熟悉的。这对于以后的备考 是一个很好的启示。近几年高考的阅读理解题型还是着重考查四大题型：细节题、主旨大意题、 推理判断题和猜测词义题。其中主要以细节题为主，占65%,其次是推理判断题, 主旨大意题09年考查1道，10年、11年分别2道，猜测词义题这几年每年考查1道。可见细节题和推理题依然 是考生应该把握的重点。因此，英语阅读理解各种题型的答题技巧应该是考生学习和训练的重点。如果能在平常的练习中有意识的加强阅读技巧 （特别是细节 查找和推理判断技巧）的训练在考试中很多问题可以迎刃而解，而不只是盲目的 为了做题而做题，效率低下。1.考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力事实细节题的共同特点：（1） 凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案 大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应 的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也 能是一个句子或相关 的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。事实细节题主要提问方式是：（1）Which of the following is right?（2）Which of the following is not mentioned?（3）Which of the following is Not True in the passage?（4）Choose the right order of this passage.（5）_From this passage we know.阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目的技巧：（1）要在文章中找出相应的信息点，（2）要排除干扰项。【2011年深圳中考】31. The 26th World Universidad will begin on _ .A. August 12thB. August 23rdC. September 12thD. September 23rd这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以 直接找到：The 26th World Universidad will be held in the city from August 12th to 23rd.这一道题的最大干扰项是B选项，因此，考生要审清楚题目要求的是大运 会开始的时间而不是结束的时间。故正确答案为A。2.如何进行推断？所谓推断， 就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息， 推断出未知的信息。 即把有关的 文字作为已知部分， 从中推断出未知部分。 据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子， 也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题其类型主要有以下几种：（1）事实推断（2）指代推断（3）逻辑推断（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断（1）事实推断 这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断， 要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字， 然后加以分析， 尤其要悟出字里行间 的意思。【2011年深圳中考】35. The four cities are all _ according to the passage.A. modern cities with a short historyB. in New ZealandC. near lakes, rivers or seasD. large cities在阅读材料中，有这样这些文字：It was built on small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1,500 years ago.In the seaside city, you can enjoy an amazing viewfrom the citys tallest towertheSky Tower.There are many beautiful beaches n ear the city.Visitors like to take boat rides alo ng the Da nube（多瑙河）.根据这段文字，我们 可以推断答案是C.（2）指代推断确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指 代的对象，关键在于对所在上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式英语被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象第一个辅助标志。39. The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to_ .A.adaptationsB.Darwin and WallaceC. animalsD.Darwins ideas文中有这么一段文字：.Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that helpthem survive. They are passed on to, offspring（后代）.Darwins ideas aboutadaptations are still very important to the study of living things.3.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。 而这个中心意思 往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。 因 此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。 主题句一般具 有三个特点：(1) 表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。(2) 句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。(3) 段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。 如何获取段落的主旨和大意？在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：(1)主题句在段首或篇首。主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文，议论文大都米用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。(2)主题句在段末或篇末。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以 此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。(3)无主题句有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的 主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的， 或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中 心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。47. Paragraph 3 tells us that_A. our hands look similarB. the microbes will make the keyboard dirtyC. we should compare our hands oftenD. we have our own sets of microbes“Everyone has his own set of microbes on the handsT. hat is to sa”y, if you and your best friend wereable to see and compare all the microbes on your hands, your hands probably would look different.Some microbes only show up on your hands while others live only on your friends hands.文段3主要针对 “Every one has his own set ofiicrobes on the hands.展开阐述。文中首句直接点明主题。因此，答案为D。4.考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力 。猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表 示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文（context）,正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮 助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文 来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不 熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义的题目其主要提问方式是：（1）The word“_in the passage probably means.（2）In this story the underlined word“means.如何根据上下文猜测词义？我们可以从以下几个方面来猜测词义：1）根据定义或解释猜测词义。2） 根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。3） 运用语法知识进行语法分析。如构词法（前缀或后缀）、同义或反义关系猜测词义4） 依靠常识和经验做出判断。5）根据背景和常识判断。【2009年深圳】27T h e word“remotein the firstsentence means_A.遥远的B.繁华的C.附近的D.城市的“Aprofessor from New York University once went to a remote area to do some science research .Oneday, he ate something wrong and became sick, but it was too far to go back to the city.文段第二句中出现了 “but it wasoo far to go back to the city这一句话，而且后面 教授是在当地寻找医生。因此，这一道猜测词义题可以根据上下文得出答案。Step 4 Reading comprehensionAMr. King worked in a factory. He liked playing soccer and spent much time on it,so he was sometimes late for work. His boss was so angry that he fired Mr. King. Mr. King couldnt findanother job. Finally he got into trouble and lived a difficult life.One of his friends felt sorry for him and introduced him to a headmaster, whose school was just inneed of swimming coaches. Mr. King began to teach the school children to swim. He wasnat goodcoach. Two months later, the children learned nothing. Few of them could swim.It was a hot Saturday. The children wouldnt stay in the classroom and wanted toswim in the river. Mr. King failed to stop them. Before they started, he drew a red line below the knee ofeach child. He said to them,“Come out of the river at once if thewater reaches the lnie.”26. Why did the boss fire Mr. King?A. Because Mr. King didnt like his job.B. Because Mr. King was ill.C. Because Mr. King talked too much. D. Because Mr. King was sometimes late for work.27. Mr. King couldnt find anothenrdjohbisalife was _ .A. happyB. hardC. relaxingD. free28. Who helped Mr. King find a job in a school?A. The boss of the factory B. His friend C. The school children D. Nobody29. Two months later, the children learned nothing because _ .A. Mr. King taught them to play soccerB. they didnt like swimming at allC. they were afraid of waterD. Mr. King was a poor coach30. Mr. King _ , so he drew a red line below the knee of each child.A. didnt want the children to swimB. wanted to make the children lookfunnyC. wanted to make the children happyD. wanted to help the children swimbetterB2011 is special year for all the people in Shenzhen. The 26th World Universidad will be held in thecity from August 12th to 23rd. As we all know,“Start Hereslogan of this great event. Does anyone know that a new life of two giant pandas will start here as well?Shenzhen is expecting the pair of pandas for the Summer Universidad. The pandas, a male and afemale from Wolong Panda Research Center in Sichuan Province, will be“UniversidadPandas”j,ust like“AsianGames Pandas”and“Olympic Pandas”. ShenzhenSafari Park will rebuild its panda house to welcome the pandas. The pandahouse has bee n empty since ano ther pan da, Yon gba, 25, was retur ned to Sichua n in2009 becauseit was too old. How old are the Uni versiade Pan das?What are theirnames? What are they like? What are their living habits? We will find out the answers in June whe n theyarrive.31. The 26th World Un iversidad will begin on_ .A. August 12th B. August 23 rd C. September 12th D. September 23rd32. The pair of pan das comes from_.A. Shen zhe nB. Sichua nC. Guan gzhouD. Beiji ng33. Yon gba is a(n)_ .A. Uni versidad pandaB. Asia n Games PandaC. Olympic pandaD. panda that used to live in Shen zhe nSafari Park34. From the passage we can know the_of the Uni versidad Pan das.A. arrival time B. agesC. n amesD. livi ng habits35. The passage tells us that_.A. the slogan of the 26th World Un iversidad is“Just Do It”B. there will be two male pan das coming to She nzhe nC. Yo ngba left She nzhen in 2009D. Wolong Panda Research Cen ter will build a panda house for the Uni versiade PandasCFish and apple soup? Yes, and you won t believe how delicious it is. This first came out of a restaurant in Sin gapore, but it is now very popular as the soup du jour in Chin ese restaura nts.In gredie nts (serves 4):1 whole fish2 apples, quartered4-6 gin ger slices (姜片)1 bunch of spri ng onions, cut into pieces1red tomato, cut into 8 piecesOil, salt and pepperMethods:1. Remove the bones from the fish2. Pour oil into a pan. Fry the gin ger slices and the spri ng onions. Add the fish bones and fry.3. Add eno ugh water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minu tes.4. Add the apples, the fish and the tomato. When the apples go soft, add salt and pepper.36. This passage is probably_ .A. a poem B. a piece of n ews C. a story D. a recipe37. The n ame of the soup in Chin ese restaura nts is_ .A. du jour soup B. tomato soup C. onion soupD. gin ger soup38. The un derli ned word quartered means_.A榨汁B.切成四份C.洗净D.剁碎39. If you want to cook the soup for 8 people, you will n eed_ redtomato(es).A. 1 B. 2C. 3 D. 440. In what order should you add the in gredie nts while cook ing the soup?A. apples, fish and tomato f gin ger slices and spri ng onionsf oil f fish bonesB. oilffish bonesfgin ger slices and spri ng onionsfapples, fish and tomatoC. oilfgin ger slices and spri ng onionsffipplbofsh aftomatoD. gin ger slices and spri ng onionsffish bonesfapples, fish and tomatofoilDFriday Jan uary 28.2011Chin as world nu mber seve n Li Nabecame the first Chin ese tennis playerto reach a Grand Slam final at thisyears Australian Open. It was the firstmatch easy or tough? Noth ing between. said Li, who has defeatedZahlavpva Strycova on her way to theAustralia n Open fin al.Tuesday March 52011Besides China, more tha n 70 countries have offered Japa n help after theearthquake. Two US search and rescuteams, with 144 stuff and 12 dogs, havebeg un work; The souther n Afgha n cityof Kan dahar announ ced it woulddonate（捐赠）$50.000 to die brothersand sisters of Japa nThursday May 19,2011Can ada pop star Justi n. Bieber got ahugely disappo inting greet ing whe nhe arrived in Hong Kon8 on Wednesday. Just seven fans showed up atthe citys airport to greet Bieber.Biebers con cert one of the lastshows in his My World touris onFriday in Hong Kong,Monday May 30. 2011A serious drought aloft the Yang Riverhas affected over 34 milli on people,leav ing farmers and livestocks （牲畜）without water. Over 4.23 million peopleare having difficulty finding eno ughdrinking water, |while more than 5million need help to tight aga inst thedrought.41. Li Na _ .A. is one of the top table tennis players in the worldB. is the first player to reach a Grand Slam finalC. didnt say anything abouet mthatchD. beat Zahlavaya Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final42. Two search and rescue teams from _ have begun work in Japan.A. Australia B. the US C. the UK D. Afghanistan43. Justin Bibber might feel _ when he arrived at Hong Kong airport.A. disappointed B. happy C. excited D. bored44. When a drought happens, people are short of _.A. money B. oil C. food D. water45. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?A. An Afghan city of Kandahar will donate $50,000 to Japan.B. More than 4.23 million people find it difficult to get enough drinking water.C. All the Chinese were proud of Li Na after she won the match.D. The concert Bibber will have in Hong Kong is one of his last shows in his“MWorld”tour.ELook closely at your hands. Are they clean? It doesn matter how manty times youwash your han ds, tiny microbes（微生物）still stay on them. But don t worry. Mostmicrobes dont harm you.Now scientists say the microbes on our hands could be used in a surprising way: fighti ng crime.Accord ing to a rece nt study, microbes as well as fin gerpri nts（指纹）could be used to identify thecriminal.Everyone has his own set of microbes on the hands. That is to say, if you and your best friend wereable to see and compare all the microbes on your hands, your hands probably would look different.Some microbes only show up on your hands while others live only on your friends hands.When you work on a computer, you leave the microbes from your hands on the keyboard.Thescientists can easily tell the owner of the keyboard by looking at the microbes on it. Even if you dontleave your fingerprints behind, your microbes may give you away.Noah Fierer, a scientist says,“You can only clean a fingerprint, but you cansterilize（使无菌）a surface just by wiping（擦）it off.”He says that sstiehtive a lot more work to dobefore the microbe is used as a useful tool.46. According to the passage, _ could be used to identify the criminal.A. fingerprints B. scientistshandsC. microbesD. finger prints and microbes on peopleshands47. Paragraph 3 tells us that _.A. our hands look similarB. the microbes will make thekeyboard dirtyC. we should compare our hands often D. we have our own sets of microbes48. When you work on a computer, the microbes _ .A. just stay on your handsB. also stay on the keyboardC. will do harm to youD. will disappear49. From Noah Fierer we know that _ .A. fingerprints are no longer useful in fighting crimeB. microbes cant be found on everyones handsC. unlike microbes, fingerprints can be cleaned if people wipe themD. the microbe is used as a useful tool50. Whats the best title of the passage?A. Microbes May Tell Who You AreB. Scientists SayEveryone Has MicrobesC. Noah Fierer Does Research Into Microbes CatchCriminalsD. Fingerprints Help