管理学习题02

Management, 11e (Robbins/Coulter)Chapter 2 Understanding Management's Context: Constraints and Challenges1) In the symbolic view of management, managers are seen as directly responsible for an organization's success or failure.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual2) The view of managers as omnipotent is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the take-charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the organization's objectives.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual3) The symbolic view of management impact is useful in explaining the high turnover among sports coaches, who can be considered the "managers" of their teams.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual4) A dynamic environment is characterized by the absence of new competitors, few technological breakthroughs by current competitors, and little activity by pressure groups to influence the organization.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 49Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual5) Environmental uncertainty looks at the number of components in an organization's environment and the extent of the knowledge that the organization has about those components.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 49Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual6) An organization's competitors and employees are considered to be stakeholders who are affected by the organization's decisions and actions.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 50Topic: Organizational Culture Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual7) A dynamic and simple environment is characterized by the greatest level of environmental uncertainty.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 50Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual8) Managers of high-performing companies tend to consider the interests of the most profitable stakeholder groups as they make decisions.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 50Objective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual9) Strong cultures have more influence on employees than do weak cultures.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 52Topic: Organizational Culture Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual10) The shared aspect of culture implies that all employees in an organization approve of the culture.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 52Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual11) In strong organizational cultures, employees have little knowledge of company history or heroes, what is important is present performance.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 53Topic: Organizational Culture Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual12) Organizations help employees adapt to the culture through socialization.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 54Topic: Organizational Culture Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual13) Corporate rituals are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the key values of an organization.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 55Topic: Organizational Culture Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual14) In a "ready-aim-fire" culture, managers take action and then analyze what has been done.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 57Topic: Organizational Culture Objective: 3Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual15) In order to develop an innovative organizational culture, managers must minimize ambiguity and uncertainty and discourage risk-taking.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 58Topic: Organizational Culture Objective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual16) Giving service-contact employees the discretion to make day-to-day decisions on job-related activities is instrumental in creating in a customer-responsive culture.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 59Topic: Organizational Culture Objective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual17) Organizations that emphasize workplace spirituality focus on individual development.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 60Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual18) Spiritual organizations tend to be intolerant of employees who commit mistakes.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 60Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual19) Organizations that subscribe to workplace spirituality emphasize the importance of employees controlling their expressions and emotions.Answer: FALSEPage Ref: 60Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 4Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual20) A valid criticism of workplace spirituality is that secular institutions, especially businesses, have no right to impose spiritual values on employees, if spirituality means bringing religion into the workplace.Answer: TRUEPage Ref: 60Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 4Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual21) Which of the following represents the two views of managerial impact on the success or failure of the organization?A) omnipotent and symbolicB) omnipotent and reflectiveC) symbolic and interactiveD) reflective and interactiveAnswer: APage Ref: 44Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual22) The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests that _.A) an organization's success or failure is due to external forces outside managers' controlB) managers' roles are increasingly becoming peripheral and staff manage their own areas of expertiseC) managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failureD) managers cannot significantly affect an organization's performance because they are constrained by the abilities of their employeesAnswer: CPage Ref: 44Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual23) Elmo Research & Development has been going through a rough patch lately. Turnover has been high and employee morale is at an all-time low. Though employees and competitors hold management responsible for the decline, the CEO does not let the managers go or change the management style. Which of the following could explain this attitude?A) The CEO holds the omnipotent view of management, which believes that external factors have a significant effect on performance outcomes.B) As the organization has an autocratic management style, the employees are responsible for organizational policies.C) The organization has a participative management style and decisions are guided by consensus.D) The CEO holds the view that managers have only a limited role in organization success or failure.Answer: DPage Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 1Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application24) The omnipotent view of management states that _.A) managers' roles are peripheral and staff manage their own areas of the businessB) managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failureC) managers should allow employees to take part in decision-makingD) managers have little or no responsibility for an organization's success or failureAnswer: BPage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual25) The _ view of management is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the take-charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the organization's objectives.A) omnipotentB) symbolicC) democraticD) laissez-faireAnswer: APage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual26) The soccer league in England is notorious for the number of team managers fired over the course of a single season, which stands at no fewer than eight managers on average, owing to poor team form and consequently, poor results. It is evident from this information that the league endorses a(n) _ view of management.A) symbolicB) omnipotentC) laissez-faireD) democraticAnswer: BPage Ref: 45Topic: Organizational Culture AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 1Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application27) Which of the following most accurately reflects the symbolic view of management?A) Managers are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure.B) Managers have to ensure that every obstacle is overcome on the way to achieving the organization's goals.C) External forces are responsible for an organization's success or failure.D) Employees are directly responsible for an organization's success or failure.Answer: CPage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual28) According to the symbolic view, managers have a(n) _ effect on substantive organizational outcomes.A) limitedB) extensiveC) influentialD) significantAnswer: APage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual29) The symbolic view of management is based upon the belief that managers symbolize _.A) control and influence in developing plans and making decisionsB) every aspect of an organization's performance, from the top level to the operational levelC) the fluctuating fortunes of the organization as they alternate between profits and lossesD) the take-charge executive who overcomes any obstacle to see that the organization achieves its goalsAnswer: APage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual30) Internal constraints that influence managers' decisions and actions come from _.A) the attitudes of customersB) the culture of the organizationC) the prevailing political conditionsD) the fluctuations in the stock marketAnswer: BPage Ref: 45Topic: The Manager: Omnipotent or Symbolic?Objective: 1Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual31) Daniel is the CEO of CookRite, a company manufacturing kitchen appliances. The company has been in business for the past ten years and sales were steadily increasing until six months ago, when there was a significant decrease. Though Daniel held a number of meetings with the top management of the company, he did not make any changes in the management techniques and did not blame managers for the drop in sales. Which of the following, if true, would indicate that Daniel was correct in his approach?A) Sources reveal that CookRite's competitors saw a similar drop in sales over the same time period.B) The price of technology used in CookRite products fell during this period, as a result of innovations.C) The symbolic view of management, which Daniel holds, is the preferred method in that industry.D) Demand for kitchen appliances has increased significantly over the past year.Answer: APage Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective Thinking SkillsObjective: 1Difficulty: DifficultClassification: Critical Thinking32) Daniel is the CEO of CookRite, a company manufacturing kitchen appliances. The company has been in business for the past ten years and sales were steadily increasing until six months ago, when there was a significant decrease. Though Daniel held a number of meetings with the top management of the company, he did not make any changes in the management techniques and did not blame managers for the drop in sales. Which of the following, if true, would indicate that Daniel was wrong in his approach?A) CookRite's competitors saw a similar drop in sales over the same period.B) A new competitor entered the market six months ago, and sold products below cost to gain market share.C) Demand for kitchen appliances has increased significantly over the past year.D) The price of technology used in kitchen appliances fell and CookRite subsequently reduced its prices.Answer: CPage Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective Thinking SkillsObjective: 1Difficulty: DifficultClassification: Critical Thinking33) Which of the following factors is a demographic component of an organization's external environment?A) lifestyles and behaviorB) political stabilityC) geographic locationD) stock market fluctuationsAnswer: CPage Ref: 46Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual34) Which of the following factors is an economic component of an organization's external environment?A) family compositionB) education levelC) disposable incomeD) geographic locationAnswer: CPage Ref: 46Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual35) The _ component of an organization's external environment is concerned with trends in population characteristics such as age, race, gender, education level, geographic location, income, and family composition.A) economicB) politicalC) demographicD) socioculturalAnswer: CPage Ref: 46Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual36) Grayson's has been in the publishing business for fifty years. In the past two years, the company has noticed that book sales have been tapering off, as more and more readers prefer formats they can read on e-readers or smartphones. Grayson's needs to analyze the changes in the environment so that it can change its business strategies and meet the needs of the new market. It commissions a market research firm to collect information about the recent changes in reading habits. Which of the following questions is the most irrelevant for this purpose?A) How many books does an individual customer buy in a month?B) What types of books do customers buy in traditional form?C) Which format is more reader-friendly, e-books or traditional books?D) How much do readers spend on e-books in a month?Answer: CPage Ref: 46AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application37) Which of the following factors is a sociocultural component of an organization's external environment?A) education levelB) political stabilityC) behavior patternsD) family compositionAnswer: CPage Ref: 46Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual38) The economic environment affects the performance of an organization, as was noted during the recent recession. Which of the following factors is cited as one of the causes of the recent recession triggered in the home mortgage markets in the U.S.?A) high interest rates on mortgagesB) massive global liquidityC) lack of leverageability for business borrowersD) difficulty in securing housing creditAnswer: CPage Ref: 47Objective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual39) Which of the following groups includes individuals who were born between the years 1946-1964?A) the Silent GenerationB) the Gen Y-ersC) the Baby BoomersD) Post-MillenialsAnswer: CPage Ref: 47Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual40) _ is/are called the iGeneration, because they've grown up with technology that customizes everything to the individual.A) Post-MillenialsB) The Silent GenerationC) Baby BoomersD) Gen Y-ersAnswer: APage Ref: 48Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual41) Which of the following are the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty?A) degree of change and degree of complexityB) degree of change and degree of volumeC) degree of complexity and degree of impactD) degree of impact and degree of timingAnswer: APage Ref: 49Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual42) If the components of an organization's environment change frequently, the organization is operating in a _ environment.A) stableB) secureC) dynamicD) constantAnswer: CPage Ref: 49Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual43) Which of the following is NOT true about the environmental complexity of an organization?A) Environmental complexity increases as the number of competitors increases.B) It is measured in terms of the knowledge an organization needs about its environment.C) Complexity decreases as the number of regulatory agencies increases.D) It depends on the knowledge an organization has about the components of its environment.Answer: CPage Ref: 49Topic: The EnvironmentObjective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual44) Which of the following is a characteristic of a dynamic environment?A) high level of predictability of changes in environmental conditionsB) few technological breakthroughs by current competitorsC) the presence of new competitors in the marketD) little activity by pressure groups to influence the organizationAnswer: CPage Ref: 49Objective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual45) Which of the following statements is true of dynamic and complex environments?A) They are characterized by a high degree of predictability of change.B) There are usually few components in such environments.C) A high need for sophisticated knowledge of components exists in such environments.D) The components in such environments are somewhat similar, but are continually changing.Answer: CPage Ref: 49Objective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Conceptual46) If the components in an organization's environment exhibit minimal change, such an environment is said to be _.A) volatileB) dynamicC) stableD) activeAnswer: CPage Ref: 49Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual47) D&B Designs has been in the landscape design business in Pleasantville for the past twenty years. As the "first mover" in the market, the company has built a strong market share over the years and is the best-known firm in the area. The company strength increased steadily, and now stands at fifty employees. Which of the following, if true, would make the company's business environment more uncertain?A) Homeowners in the area take pride in their gardens and are avid do-it-yourself gardeners.B) Demand for landscaping services dips every autumn and winter.C) A long-time competitor quit the landscape design business last year.D) Zoning laws in the area change as each new city council comes into power.Answer: DPage Ref: 49AACSB: Analytic SkillsObjective: 2Difficulty: ModerateClassification: Application48) In which of the following environments do managers in an organization have the greatest influence on organizational outcomes?A) stable and complex environmentsB) dynamic and simple environmentsC) stable and simple environmentsD) dynamic and complex environmentsAnswer: CPage Ref: 50Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual49) Which of the following environments is characterized by the highest level of environmental uncertainty?A) a stable and complex environmentB) a dynamic and simple environmentC) a stable and simple environmentD) a dynamic and complex environmentAnswer: DPage Ref: 50Objective: 2Difficulty: EasyClassification: Conceptual50) The term _ is used to collectively refer to any constituencies in an organization's environment that are affected by its decisions and actions.A) competitorsB) shareholdersC) unionsD) stakeholdersAnsw